1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 292及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：100.00)Picture a typical MBA lecture theatre twenty years ago. In it the majority of students will have conformed to the standard model of the time: male, middle class and Western. Walk into a class today, however, and you“ll
2、get a completely different impression. For a start, you will now see plenty more womenthe University of Pennsylvania“s Wharton School, for example, boasts that 40% of its new enrolment is female. You will also see a wide range of ethnic groups and nationals of practically every country. It might be
3、tempting, therefore, to think that the old barriers have been broken down and equal opportunity achieved. But, increasingly, this apparent diversity is becoming a mask for a new type of conformity. Behind the differences in sex, skin tones and mother tongues, there are common attitudes, expectations
4、 and ambitions which risk creating a set of clones among the business leaders of the future. Diversity, it seems, has not helped to address fundamental weaknesses in business leadership. So what can be done to create more effective managers of the commercial world? According to Valerie Gauthier, ass
5、ociate dean at HEC Paris, the key lies in the process by which MBA programmers recruit their students. At the moment candidates are selected on a fairly narrow set of criteria such as prior academic and career performance, and analytical and problem solving abilities. This is then coupled to a schoo
6、l“s pieture of what a diverse class should look like, with the result that passport, ethnic origin and sex can all become influencing factors. But schools rarely dig down to find out what really makes an applicant succeed, to create a class which also contains diversity of attitude and approachargua
7、bly the only diversity that, in a business context, really matters. Professor Gauthier believes schools should not just be selecting candidates from traditional sectors such as banking, consultaney and industry. They should also be seeking individuals who have backgrounds in areas such as political
8、science, the creative arts, history or philosophy, which will allow them to put business decisions into a wider context. Indeed, there does seem to be a demand for the more rounded leaders such diversity might create. A study by Mannaz, a leadership development company, suggests that, while the bull
9、y-boy chief executive of old may not have been eradicated completely, there is a definite shift in emphasis towards less tough styles of managementat least in America and Europe. Perhaps most significant, according to Mannaz, is the increasing interest large companies have in more collaborative mana
10、gement models, such as those prevalent in Scandinavia, which seek to integrate the hard and soft aspects of leadership and encourage delegated responsibility and accountability.（分数：20.00）(1).What characterizes the business school student population of today?（分数：4.00）A.Greater diversity.B.Intellectua
11、l maturity.C.Exceptional diligence.D.Higher ambition.(2).What is the author“s concern about current business school education?（分数：4.00）A.It will arouse students“ unrealistic expectations.B.It will produce business leaders of a uniform style.C.It focuses on theory rather than on practical skills.D.It
12、 stresses competition rather than cooperation.(3).What aspect of diversity does Valerie Gauthier think is most important?（分数：4.00）A.Age and educational background.B.Social and professional experience.C.Attitude and approach to business.D.Ethnic origin and gender.(4).What applicants does the author t
13、hink MBA programmes should consider recruiting?（分数：4.00）A.Applicants with prior experience in business companies.B.Applicants with sound knowledge in math and statistics.C.Applicants from outside the traditional sectors.D.Applicants from less developed regions and areas.(5).What does Mannaz say abou
14、t the current management style?（分数：4.00）A.It is eradicating the tough aspects of management.B.It encourages male and female executives to work side by side.C.It adopts the bully-boy chief executive model.D.It is shifting towards more collaborative models.In the early 20th century, few things were mo
15、re appealing than the promise of scientific knowledge. In a world struggling with rapid industrialization, science and technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem. Newly created state colleges and universities devoted themselves almost entirely to scientific, technological, and engi
16、neering fields. Many Americans came to believe that scientific certainty could not only solve scientific problems, but also refrain politics, government, and business. Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous
17、 and ordered world. After World War , the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic studies, which seemed to many scholars the best way to ensure the survival of democracy. American scholars fanned out across much of the worldwith support from the Ford Foundation, the Fulbright program
18、, etc.to promote the teaching of literature and the arts in an effort to make the case for democratic freedoms. In the America of our own time, the great educational challenge has become an effort to strengthen the teaching of what is now known as the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineeri
19、ng, and math). There is considerable and justified concern that the United States is falling behind much of the rest of the developed world in these essential disciplines, india, China, Japan, and other regions seem to be seizing technological leadership. At the same time, perhaps inevitably, the hu
20、manitieswhile still popular in elite colleges and universitieshave experienced a significant decline. Humanistic disciplines are seriously underfunded, not just by the government and the foundations but by academic institutions themselves. Humanists are usually among the lowest-paid faculty members
21、at most institutions and are often lightly regarded because they do not generate grant income and because they provide no obvious credentials (资质) for most nonacademic careers. Undoubtedly American education should train more scientists and engineers. Much of the concern among politicians about the
22、state of American universities today is focused on the absence of “real world“ education which means preparation for professional and scientific careers. But the idea that institutions or their students must decide between humanities and science is false. Our society could not survive without scient
23、ific and technological knowledge. But we would be equally impoverished (贫困的) without humanistic knowledge as well. Science and technology teach us what we can do. Humanistic thinking helps us understand what we should do. It is almost impossible to imagine our society without thinking of the extraor
24、dinary achievements of scientists and engineers in building our complicated world. But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values. We have always needed, and we still need, both.（分数：20.00）(1).In the early 20th century Americans believed sci
25、ence and technology could _.（分数：4.00）A.solve virtually all existing problemsB.quicken the pace of industrializationC.help raise people“s living standardsD.promote the nation“s social progress(2).Why did many American scholars become enthusiastic about humanistic studies after World War ?（分数：4.00）A.T
26、hey wanted to improve their own status within the current education system.B.They believed the stability of a society depended heavily on humanistic studies.C.They could get financial support from various foundations for humanistic studies.D.They realized science and technology alone were no guarant
27、ee for a better world.(3).Why are American scholars worried about education today?（分数：4.00）A.The STEM subjects are too challenging for students to learn.B.Some Asian countries have overtaken America in basic sciences.C.America is lagging behind in the STEM disciplines.D.There are not enough scholars
28、 in humanistic studies.(4).What accounts for the significant decline in humanistic studies today?（分数：4.00）A.Insufficient funding.B.Shrinking enrollment.C.Shortage of devoted faculty.D.Dim prospects for graduates.(5).Why does the author attach so much importance to humanistic studies?（分数：4.00）A.They
29、promote the development of science and technology.B.They help prepare students for their professional careers.C.Humanistic thinking helps define our culture and values.D.Humanistic thinking helps cultivate students“ creativity.Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversa
30、tion at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 year separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton. Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn“t been born yet, or is a baby now. That“s
31、 because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved. But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein emerging anytime soon. Fo
32、r one thing physics is a much different field today. In Einstein“s day, there were only a few thousand physicists world wide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to spare. Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Eins
33、tein“s training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenagerKant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasn“t long before he became a philosopher himself. “The independence created by philo
34、sophical insight isin my opinion-the mark of distinction between a mere artisan (工匠) or specialist and a real seeker after truth,“ Einstein wrote in 1944. And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to thi
35、nk through a knotty physics problem. Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There aren“t many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practicaland rewardingefforts. “Maybe there is an Einstein out there today,
36、“ said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, “but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard.“ Especially considering what Einstein was proposing. “The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea!“ Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. “It takes a certai
37、n type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe you“ll find the solution.“ Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his “miracle year“ of 1905. These “thought experiments“ were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigiou
38、s journal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations. What might happen to such a submission today? “We all get papers like those in the mail,“ Greene said. “We put them in the junk file.“（分数：20.00）(1).What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first t
39、wo paragraphs?（分数：4.00）A.Einstein pushed mathematics almost to its limits.B.It will take another Einstein to build a unified theory.C.No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 years.D.It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.(2).What was critical to Einstein“s success?（分数：
40、4.00）A.His talent as an accomplished musician.B.His independent and abstract thinking.C.His untiring effort to fulfill his potential.D.His solid foundation in math theory.(3).What does the author tell us about physicists today?（分数：4.00）A.They tend to neglect training in analytical skills.B.They are
41、very good at solving practical problems.C.They attach great importance to publishing academic papers.D.They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits.(4).What does Brian Greene imply by saying “.it would be a lot harder for him to be heard“ (Line 2, Para. 9)?（分数：4.00）A.People have to
42、compete in order to get their papers published.B.It is hard for a scientist to have his papers published today.C.Papers like Einstein“s would unlikely get published today.D.Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories.(5).When he submitted his papers in 1995, Einstein _.（分数：4.00）A.forgo
43、t to make footnotes and citationsB.was little known in academic circlesC.was known as a young genius in math calculationsD.knew nothing about the format of academic papersOnly two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child. Last spring o
44、ne of the two, Australia, gave up that dubious distinction by establishing paid family leave starting in 2011. I wasn“t surprised when this didn“t make the news here in the United Stateswe“re now the only wealthy country without such a policy. The United States does have one explicit family policy,
45、the Family and Medical Leave Act, passed in 1933. It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks“ unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problem. Despite the modesty of the benefit, the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly, describing it as “gover
46、nmentrun personnel management“ and a “dangerous precedent.“ In fact, every step of the way, as (usually) Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balance measures into the law, business groups have been strongly opposed. As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues, justifying parental su
47、pport depends on defining the family as a social good that, in some sense, society must pay for. In her book No Exit: What Parents Owe Their Children and What Society Owes Parents, she argues that parents are burdened in many ways in their lives: there is “no exit“ when it comes to children. “Societ
48、y expectsand needsparents to provide their children with continuity of care, meaning the intensive, intimate care that human beings need to develop their intellectual, emotional, and moral capabilities. And society expectsand needsparents to persist in their role for 18 years, or longer if needed.“
49、While most parents do this out of love, there are public penalties for not providing care. What parents do, in other words, is of deep concern to the state, for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of society. The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern children“s welfare, yet parents receive little help in meeting the life-changing obligations society imposes. To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is on collective responsibility is not merely to ignore th
