1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 461 及答案解析(总分：475.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the title “How to Be a Civilized Tourist“. You can give some suggestions on how to behave properly when travelling and finally call on people to be c
2、ivilized tourists. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. （分数：106.50）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Daylight Saving Time (DST)How and When Did Daylight Saving Time Start? ABenjamin Franklin-of “early to bed
3、and early to rise“ fame-was apparently the first person to suggest the concept of daylight savings. While serving as U.S. ambassador to France in Pads, Franklin wrote of being awakened at 6 a.m. and realizing, to his surprise, that the sun would rise far earlier than he usually did. Imagine the reso
4、urces that might be saved if he and others rose before noon and burned less midnight oil, Franklin, tongue half in cheek, wrote to a newspaper. BIt wasn“t until World War I that daylight savings were realized on a grand scale. Germany was the first state to adopt the time changes, to reduce artifici
5、al lighting and thereby save coal for the war effort. Friends and foes soon followed suit. In the U.S. a federal law standardized the yearly start and end of daylight saving time in 1918-for the states that chose to observe it. CDuring World War II the U.S. made daylight saving time mandatory(强制的) f
6、or the whole country, as a way to save wartime resources. Between February 9, 1942, and September 30, 1945, the government took it a step further. During this period daylight saving time was observed year-round, essentially making it the new standard time, if only for a few years. Many years later,
7、the Energy Policy Act of 2005 was enacted, mandating a controversial month-long extension of daylight saving time, starting in 2007. Daylight Saving Time: Energy Saver or Just Time Sucker? DIn recent years several studies have suggested that daylight saving time doesn“t actually save energy-and migh
8、t even result in a net loss. Environmental economist Hendrik Wolff, of the University of Washington, coauthored a paper that studied Australian power-use data when parts of the country extended daylight saving time for the 2000 Sydney Olympics and others did not. The researchers found that the pract
9、ice reduced lighting and electricity consumption in the evening but increased energy use in the now dark mornings-wiping out the evening gains. That“s because the extra hour that daylight saving time adds in the evening is a hotter hour. “So if people get home an hour earlier in a warmer house, they
10、 turn on their air conditioning,“ the University of Washington“s Wolff said. EBut other studies do show energy gains. In an October 2008 daylight saving time report to Congress, mandated by the same 2005 energy act that extended daylight saving time, the U.S. Department of Energy asserted that sprin
11、ging forward does save energy. Extended daylight saving time saved 1.3 terawatt (太瓦) hours of electricity. That figure suggests that daylight saving time reduces annual U.S. electricity consumption by 0.03 percent and overall energy consumption by 0.02 percent. While those percentages seem small, th
12、ey could represent significant savings because of the nation“s enormous total energy use. FWhat“s more, savings in some regions are apparently greater than in others. California, for instance, appears to benefit most from daylight saving time-perhaps because its relatively mild weather encourages pe
13、ople to stay outdoors later. The Energy Department report found that daylight saving time resulted in an energy savings of one percent daily in the state. GBut Wolff, one of many scholars who contributed to the federal report, suggested that the numbers were subject to statistical variability (变化) a
14、nd shouldn“t be taken as hard facts. And daylight savings“ energy gains in the U.S. largely depend on your location in relation to the Mason-Dixon Line, Wolff said.“The North might be a slight winner, because the North doesn“t have as much air conditioning,“ he said. “But the South is a definite los
15、er in terms of energy consumption. The South has more energy consumption under daylight saving.“ Daylight Saving Time: Healthy or Harmful? HFor decades advocates of daylight savings have argued that, energy savings or no, daylight saving time boosts health by encouraging active lifestyles-a claim Wo
16、lff and colleagues are currently putting to the test. “In a nationwide American time-use study, we“re clearly seeing that, at the time of daylight saving time extension in the spring, television watching is substantially reduced and outdoor behaviors like jogging, walking, or going to the park are s
17、ubstantially increased,“ Wolff said. “That“s remarkable, because of course the total amount of daylight in a given day is the same. “ IBut others warn of ill effects. Till Roenneberg, a university professor in Munich (慕尼黑),Germany, said his studies show that our circadian (生理节奏的) body clocks-set by
18、light and darkness-never adjust to gaining an “extra“ hour of sunlight to the end of the day during daylight saving time. JOne reason so many people in the developed world are chronically (长期地) overtired, he said, is that they suffer from“social jet lag. “ In other words, their optimal circadian sle
19、ep periods don“t accord with their actual sleep schedules. Shifting daylight from morning to evening only increases this lag, he said. “Light doesn“t do the same things to the body in the morning and the evening. More light in the morning would advance the body clock, and that would be good. But mor
20、e light in the evening would even further delay the body clock. “ KOther research hints at even more serious health risks. A 2008 study concluded that, at least in Sweden, heart attack risks go up in the days just after the spring time change. “The most likely explanation to our findings is disturbe
21、d sleep and disruption of biological rhythms,“ One expert told National Geographic News via email. Daylight Savings“ Lovers and Haters LWith verdicts (定论) on the benefits, or costs, of daylight savings so split, it may be no surprise that the yearly time changes inspire polarized reactions. In the U
22、.K., for instance, the Lighter Later movement-part of 10:10, a group advocating cutting carbon emissions-argues for a sort of extreme daylight savings. First, they say, move standard time forward an hour, then keep observing daylight saving time as usual-adding two hours of evening daylight to what
23、we currently consider standard time. The folks behind S, on the other hand, want to abolish daylight saving time altogether, calling energy-efficiency claims “unproven. “ MNational telephone surveys by Rasmussen Reports from spring 2010 and fall 2009 deliver the same answer. Most people just “don“t
24、think the time change is worth the hassle (麻烦的事).“ Forty-seven percent agreed with that statement, while only 40 percent disagreed, But Seize the Daylight author David Prerau said his research on daylight saving time suggests most people are fond of it. “I think if you ask most people if they enjoy
25、having an extra hour of daylight in the evening eight months a year, the response would be pretty positive.“（分数：71.00）(1).Daylight savings“ energy gains might be various due to different climates.（分数：7.10）(2).Disturbed sleep and disruption of biological rhythms may be the best explanation to higher
26、heart attack risks in the days after the spring time change.（分数：7.10）(3).A research indicated that DST might not save energy by increasing energy use in the dark mornings, though it reduced lighting and electricity consumption in the evening.（分数：7.10）(4).Germany took the lead in saving wartime resou
27、rces by adopting the time changes and reducing artificial lighting.（分数：7.10）(5).A university professor studied the effect of daylight saving time and sounded the alarm of its negative effects.（分数：7.10）(6).Social jet lag can partly account for people“s chronic fatigue syndrome in developed countries.
28、（分数：7.10）(7).The figure of a study in the U.S. suggested that DST could save a lot of energy nationally.（分数：7.10）(8).Supporters of daylight savings have long considered daylight saving time does good to people“s health.（分数：7.10）(9).A group advocating cutting carbon emissions launches the Lighter Lat
29、er movement to back a kind of extreme daylight savings.（分数：7.10）(10).A scholar contributing to a federal report suggested that the amount of saved energy had something to do with geographic position.（分数：7.10）四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：2，分数：142.00)We live today indebted to McCardell,
30、 Cashin, Hawes, Wilkins, and Maxwell, and other women who liberated American fashion from the confines of Parisian design. Independence came in tying, wrapping, storing, harmonizing, and rationalizing that wardrobe. These designers established the modern dress code, letting playsuits and other activ
31、ewear outfits suffice for casual clothing, allowing pants to enter the wardrobe, and prizing rationalism and versatility in dress, in contradiction to dressing for an occasion or allotment of the day. Fashion in America was logical and answerable to the will of the women who wore it. Implicitly or e
32、xplicitly, American fashion addressed a democracy, whereas traditional Paris-based fashion was prescriptive and imposed on women, willing or not. In an earlier time, American fashion had also followed the dictates of Paris, or even copied and pirated specific French designs. Designer sportswear was
33、not modeled on that of Europe, as “modern art“ would later be; it was genuinely invented and developed in America. Its designers were not high-end with supplementary lines. The design objective and the business commitment were to sportswear, and the distinctive traits were problem-solving ingenuity
34、and realistic lifestyle applications. Ease of care was most important: summer dresses and outfits, in particular, were chiefly cotton, readily capable of being washed and pressed at home. Closings were simple, practical, and accessible, as the modern woman depended on no personal maid to dress her.
35、American designers prized resourcefulness and the freedom of women who wore the clothing. Many have argued that the women designers of this time were able to project their own clothing values into a new style. Of course, much of this argument in the 1930s-40s was advanced because there was little or
36、 no experience in justifying apparel (服装) on the basis of utility. If Paris was cast aside, the tradition of beauty was also to some degree slighted. Designer sportswear would have to be verified by a standard other than that of pure beauty; the emulation of a designer“s life in designer sportswear
37、was a crude version of this relationship. The consumer was ultimately to be mentioned as well, especially by the likes of Dorothy Shaver, who could point to the sales figures at Lord it was genuinely invented and developed in America. Its designers were not high-end with supplementary lines. The des
38、ign objective and the business commitment were to sportswear, and the distinctive traits were problem-solving ingenuity and realistic lifestyle applications. Ease of care was most important: summer dresses and outfits, in particular, were chiefly cotton, readily capable of being washed and pressed a
39、t home. Closings were simple, practical, and accessible, as the modern woman depended on no personal maid to dress her. American designers prized resourcefulness and the freedom of women who wore the clothing. Many have argued that the women designers of this time were able to project their own clot
40、hing values into a new style. Of course, much of this argument in the 1930s-40s was advanced because there was little or no experience in justifying apparel (服装) on the basis of utility. If Paris was cast aside, the tradition of beauty was also to some degree slighted. Designer sportswear would have
41、 to be verified by a standard other than that of pure beauty; the emulation of a designer“s life in designer sportswear was a crude version of this relationship. The consumer was ultimately to be mentioned as well, especially by the likes of Dorothy Shaver, who could point to the sales figures at Lo
42、rd & Taylor. Could utility alone justify the new ideas of the American designers? Fashion is often regarded as a pursuit of beauty, and some cherished fashion“s trivial relationship to the fine arts. What the designers of American sportswear proved was that fashion is a genuine design art, answering
43、 to the demanding needs of service. Of course these practical, insightful designers have determined the course of late twentieth-century fashion. They were the pioneers of gender equity, in their useful, adaptable clothing, which was both made for the masses and capable of self-expression.（分数：71.00）
44、(1).What contribution did the women designers make to American fashion?（分数：14.20）A.They made some improvements on the traditional Parisian design.B.They formulated a dress code with distinctive American features. C.They came up with a brandnew set of design procedures.D.They made originality a top p
45、riority in their fashion design.解析：解析 细节理解题。根据题干关键词 American fashion 定位到第一段。文章开头即指出美国几位女性将美国时尚从巴黎设计中解放出来。该段第三句接着指出这几位女性设计师建立了现代服装的准则。其中，established 与 formulated 属于同义替换；dress code 属于原词复现。故选 B。(2).What do we learn about American designer sportswear?（分数：14.20）A.It imitated the European model.B.It laid
46、emphasis on women“s beauty.C.It represented genuine American art.D.It was a completely new invention. 解析：解析 细节理解题。根据题干关键词 designer sportswear 定位到第二段第二句。该句指出，设计师运动装被称为“现代艺术”，并且是真正由美国创造开发的。因此可知，设计师运动装是一种新发明。A、B 项与原文不符，C 项是干扰项。故选 D。(3).What characterized American designer sportswear?（分数：14.20）A.Pursuit
47、 of beauty.B.Decorative closings.C.Ease of care. D.Fabric quality.解析：解析 细节理解题。根据题干关键词 designer sportswear 可知本题继续讨论设计师运动装，因此依然定位到第二段。该段第四句指出设计师运动装的特点是解决问题的新颖设计和适用于现实生活方式。第五句继续指出其最重要的特点是方便护理。第六句则进一步指出设计师运动装收边简单、实用而方便。A、D 项没有提到；B 项与文意正相反。C 项“方便护理”是设计师运动装的最重要特点，因此正确。故选C。(4).What occurred in the design o
48、f women“s apparel in America during the 1930s-40s?（分数：14.20）A.A shift of emphasis from beauty to utility. B.The emulation of traditional Parisian design.C.A search for balance between tradition and novelty.D.The involvement of more women in fashion design.解析：解析 推理判断题。根据题干关键词 apparel 和 the 1930s-40s
49、定位到第三段。该段指出，在1930 年到 1940 年间对于服装的设计风格上出现了一些争论，那就是如果为服装的实用性正名，将巴黎时尚搁置一边，美的传统在某种程度上会遭受贬低。言外之意就是，美国设计师不再注重巴黎时尚的美，而更加注重实用性，即发生了从追求美到实用性的转变。故选 A。(5).What do we learn about designers of American sportswear?（分数：14.20）A.They catered to the taste of the younger generation.B.They radically changed people“s concept of beauty.C.They advocated equity between men and women. D.They became rivals of their Parisian counterparts.解析：解析 推理判断题。根据题干可知这是一种归纳总结性的问题，其信息通常在文章最后一段出现，因此定
