1、大学英语六级综合-阅读(二十七)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Reading (总题数：8，分数：100.00)Just when you had figured out how to manage fat in your diet, researchers are now warning against another common mealtime pitfall (陷阱)salt.A study by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), Standfo
2、rd University and Columbia University shows that even a U U 1 /U /Udecrease in daily salt intake (摄入) can lead to dramatic health benefits. The authors U U 2 /U /Uan annual drop of as many as 120,000 cases of heart disease, 66,000 U U 3 /U /Uof stroke and 99,000 heart attacks U U 4 /U /Uby high bloo
3、d pressure after a 3-g-per-day reduction in salt.The advantages, not surprisingly, were greater for African Americans, who are more likely to U U 5 /U /Uhigh blood pressure than other ethnic groups, and for the elderly, since blood vessels stiffen with age, which can lead to higher blood pressure.“E
4、veryone in the US is consuming salt far in U U 6 /U /Uof what is good for them,“ says lead author Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of UCSF. “What we are suggesting is that a population-wide effort to reduce salt intake, even U U 7 /U /U, will have health benefits.“The team conducted a computer-based anal
5、ysis to determine the U U 8 /U /Uof a 3-g-per-day reduction in salt intake on rates of heart disease and death. They also calculated the cost savings emerging from the amount of disease that would be U U 9 /U /Ubecause of lower blood pressure. The conclusion: by cutting salt intake nationwide, the U
6、S could save $10 billion to $24 billion U U 10 /U /Uin health care costs.Aaccidents Bannually CavoidedDcaused Econsiderable FdevelopGdocumented Hdramatically IexcessJimpact Kinstances LmodestMrevised Nslightly Oundertake（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_
7、The continuous presentation of scary stories about global warming in the popular media makes us unnecessarily frightened. Even worse, it U U 11 /U /Uour kids.A1 Gore famously depicted how a sea-level rise of 20 feet would almost completely flood Florida, New York, Holland, and Shanghai, even though
8、the United Nations says that such a thing will not even happen, estimating that sea levels will rise 20 times less than that.When U U 12 /U /Uwith these exaggerations, some of us say that they are for a good cause, and surely there is no harm done if the result is that we focus even more on tackling
9、 climate change.This U U 13 /U /Uis astonishingly wrong. Such exaggerations do plenty of harm. Worrying U U 14 /U /Uabout global warming means that we worry less about other things, where we could do so much more good. We focus, for example, on U U 15 /U /Uwarmings impact on malaria (疟疾)which will p
10、ut slightly more people at risk in 100 yearsinstead of tackling the half a billion people suffering from malaria today with prevention and treatment policies that are much cheaper and dramatically more effective than carbon reduction would be.U U 16 /U /Ualso wears out the publics willingness to tac
11、kle global warming. If the planet is doomed, people wonder, why do anything? A record 54% of American voters now believe the news media make global warming appear worse than it really is. A U U 17 /U /Uof people now believeincorrectlythat global warming is not even caused by humans. But the worst co
12、st of exaggeration, I believe, is the U U 18 /U /Ualarm that it causesparticularly among children. An article in The Washington Post cited nine-year-old Alyssa, who cries about the possibility of mass animal U U 19 /U /Ufrom global warming.The newspaper also reported that parents are searching for “
13、productive“ outlets for their eight-year-olds obsessions (忧心忡忡) with dying polar bears. They might be better off educating them and letting them know that, contrary to common belief, the global polar bear population has U U 20 /U /Uand perhaps even quadrupled (成为四倍) over the past half-century, to ab
14、out 22,000. Despite diminishingand eventually disappearingsummer Arctic ice, polar bears will not become extinct.Aterrifies FExaggeration KequippedBexcessively Gconfronted LdisgustsCunnecessary Hdoubled MignorantlyDargument Imajority NsuppressesEextinction Jglobal Ourgent（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
15、1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Organised volunteering and work experience has long been a vital companion to university degree courses. Usually it is left to U U 21 /U /Uto deduce the potential from a list of extracurricular adventures on a graduates resume, but now the Universi
16、ty of Bristol has launched an award to formalise the achievements of students who devote time to activities outside their courses. Bristol PLuS aims to boost students in an increasingly competitive job market by helping them acquire work and life skills alongside U U 22 /U /Uqualifications.“Our stud
17、ents are a pretty active bunch, but we found that they didnt U U 23 /U /Uappreciate the value of what they did outside the lecture hall,“ says Jeff Goodman, director of careers and employability at the university. “Employers are much more demanding than they used to be. They used to look for potenti
18、al and saw it as part of their job to U U 24 /U /Uthe value of an applicants skills. Now they want students to be able to explain why those skills are U U 25 /U /Uto the job.“Students who sign up for the award will be expected to complete 50 hours of work experience or voluntary work, attend four wo
19、rkshops on employability skills, take part in an intensive skills related activity and, crucially, write a summary of the skills they have gained. U U 26 /U /Uefforts will gain an Outstanding Achievement Award. Those who U U 27 /U /Ubest on the sports field can take the Sporting PLuS Award which fos
20、ters employer friendly sports accomplishments.The experience does not have to be formally organised. “Were not just interested in easily identifiable skills,“ says Goodman. “For instance, one student took the lead in dealing with a difficult landlord and so U U 28 /U /Unegotiation skills. We try to
21、make the experience relevant to individual lives.“Goodman hopes the U U 29 /U /Uwill enable active students to fill in any gaps in their experience and encourage their less active U U 30 /U /Uto take up activities outside their academic area of work.A) exceptional F) scheme K) deviceB) extract G) re
22、levant L) demonstratedC) academic H) employers M) reluctantD) roughly I) critics N) performE) peers J) convey O) necessarily（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Amitai Etzioni is not surprised by the latest headings about scheming corporate crooks (骗子). As
23、a visiting professor at the Harvard Business School in 1989, he ended his work there disgusted with his students overwhelming lust for money. “Theyre taught that profit is all that matters,“ he says. “Many schools dont even offer ethics (伦理学) courses at all. “Etzioni expressed his frustration about
24、the interests of his graduate students. “By and large, I clearly had not found a way to help classes full of MBAs see that there is more to life than money, power, fame and self-interest,“ he wrote at the time. Today he still takes the blame for not educating these “business-leaders-to-be.“ “I reall
25、y feel like I failed them,“ he says. “If I was a better teacher maybe I could have reached them.“Etzioni was a respected ethics expert when he arrived at Harvard. He hoped his work at the university would give him insight into how questions of morality could be applied to places where self-interest
26、flourished. What he found washt encouraging. Those would-be executives had, says Etzioni, little interest in concepts of ethics and morality in the boardroomand their professor was met with blank stares when he urged his students to see business in new and different ways.Etzioni sees the experience
27、at Harvard as an eye-opening one and says theres much about business schools that hed like to change. “A lot of the faculty teaching business tire bad news themselves.“ Etzioni says. From offering classes that teach students how to legally manipulate contracts, to reinforcing the notion of profit ov
28、er community interests, Etzioni has seen a lot thats left him shaking his head. And because of what hes seen taught in business schools, hes not surprised by the latest rash of corporate scandals. “In many ways things have got a lot worse at business schools. I suspect.“ says Etzioni.Etzioni is stil
29、l teaching the sociology of right and wrong and still calling for ethical business leadership. “People with poor motives will always exist,“ he says. “Sometimes environments constrain those people and sometimes environments give those people opportunity.“ Etzioni says the booming economy of the last
30、 decade enabled those individuals with poor motives to get rich before getting in trouble. His hope now: that the cries for reform will provide more fertile soil for his longstanding messages about business ethics.（分数：10.00）(1).What impressed Amitai Etzioni most about Harvard MBA students? A. Their
31、keen interest in business courses. B. Their intense desire for money. C. Their tactics for making profits. D. Their potential to become business leaders.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why did Amitai Etzioni say “I really feel like I failed them“ (Line 4, Para. 2)? A. He was unable to alert his students to cor
32、porate malpractice. B.He didnt teach his students to see business in new and different ways. C.He could not get his students to understand the importance of ethics in business. D.He didnt offer courses that would meet the expectations of the business-leaders-to-be.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Most would-be
33、executives at the Harvard Business School believed that _. A.questions of morality were of utmost importance in business affairs B.self-interest should not be the top priority in business dealings C.new and different principles should be taught at business schools D.there was no place for ethics and
34、 morality in business dealings（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In Etzionis view, the latest rash of corporate scandals could be attributed to _. A.the tendency in business schools to stress self-interest over business ethics B.the executives lack of knowledge in legally manipulating contracts C.the increasingly
35、 fierce competition in the modern business world D.the moral corruption of business school graduates（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).We learn from the last paragraph that _. A.the calls for reform will help promote business ethics B.businessmen with poor motives will gain the upper hand C.business ethics course
36、s should be taught in all business schools D.reform in business management contributes to economic growth（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Whenever I hear a weather report declaring its the hottest June 10 on record or whatever, I cant take it too seriously, because “ever“ really means “as long as the records go bac
37、k, “ which is only as far as the late 1800s. Scientists have other ways of measuring temperatures before that, thoughnot for individual dates, but they can tell the average temperature of a given year by such proxy measurements as growth marks in corals, deposits in ocean and lake sediments, and cor
38、es drilled into glacial ice. They can even use drawings of glaciers as there were hundreds of years ago compared with today.And in the most comprehensive compilation of such data to date, says a new report from the National Research Council, it looks pretty certain that the last few decades have bee
39、n hotter than any comparable period in the last 400 years. Thats a blow to those who claim the current warm spell is just part of the natural up and down of average temperaturesa frequent assertion of the globalwarming-doubters crowd.The report was triggered by doubts about past-climate claims made
40、last year by climatologist Michael Mann, of the University of Virginia (hes the creator of the “hockey stick“ graph AI Gore used in An Inconvenient Truth to dramatize the rise in carbon dioxide in recent years). Mann claimed that the recent warming was unprecedented in the past thousand yearsthat le
41、d Congress to order up an assessment by the prestigious Research Council. Their conclusion was that a thousand years was reasonable, but not overwhelmingly supported by the data. But the past 400 wasso resoundingly that it fully supports the claim that todays temperatures are unnaturally warm, just
42、as global warming theory has been predicting for a hundred years. And if theres any doubt about whether these proxy measurements are really legitimate, the NRC scientists compared them with actual temperature data from the most recent century, when real thermometers were in widespread use. The match
43、 was more or less right on.In the past nearly two decades since TIME first put global warming on the cover, then, the argument against it has gone from “it isnt happening“ to “its happening, but its natural,“ to “its mostly natural“and now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away.
44、 Indeed, Rep. Sherwood Boehert, the New York Republican who chairs the House Science Committee and who asked for the report declared that it did nothing to support the notion of a controversy over global warming sciencea controversy that opponents keep insisting is alive. Whether President Bush will
45、 finally take serious action to deal with the warming, however, is a much less settled question.（分数：10.00）(1).What does this passage mainly deal with? A.The tendency of earths becoming hotter. B.The assessment of earths temperature. C.The menace of global warming. D.The measurement of tackling globa
46、l warming.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is “proxy measurement“ (Line 5, Para. 1) likely to refer to? A.Studying the characteristics of glaciers. B.Measuring the growth signs of aquatic organism. C.Taking advantage of previous pictures. D.Using clues left from the past.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the report from NRC indicate? A.The earth will become war
