1、大学英语四级 28及答案解析(总分：746.56，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Living Expenditure of College Students. You should write at least 120 words following the out line given below in Chinese: 1. 大学生的生活费用安排发生变化； 2. 产生这些变化的原因
2、是什么； 3. 你的看法。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Man and Nature The balance of nature is a delicate system of checks and counter-checks. Nature has its own way of checking the life and distribution of the different organisms and helping their growth. An epidemic may be considered natur
3、e s way of checking population growth. Man in his attempt to conquer nature and to utilize it to his advantage has interfered with the balance of nature, thereby creating problems of a complex nature. Nature s ways of maintaining the balance are intricate and not easily understood and man s applicat
4、ion of his scientific knowledge and techniques has upset this balance so much that today, being aware of the disastrous consequences, he takes measures against them. No animal or plant can live in isolation ,for different organisms are parts of a vast dynamic complex of living things. As no man or c
5、ommunity is self-sufficient, no organism can live by itself. When man interferes with the interdependence and interrelationships of the different organisms, he is, in effect, upsetting their balanced relationships and his action can have a chain reaction. If we prevent fish eggs from being deposited
6、 in a pond, we are allowing an unchecked growth of weeds. The waterfowl which feeds on tadpoles will look for alternatives, thereby tending to upset these balanced relationships. It is important that for the preservation of beauty in nature the balance of nature is maintained. Man for his own surviv
7、al has to make his peace with plant and animal life, the size and distribution of which he has interfered with. It is to be noted that in every plant and animal community there is a trend towards a balance between the different species. When each successive species is of the right number to maintain
8、 a constant population, a balance between the different species is maintained and this state is referred to as the climax stage. Man is forever upsetting the balance of the climax stage. He has added to the numbers of animals and plants that are useful to him. In the process he has unwittingly helpe
9、d the increase in the number of insects and vermin and as a result he has to wage a relentless war against them. If man continues to interfere with the balance of nature, it is possible that some animals and birds may soon become extinct. The indiscriminate hunting of whales has reduced the number o
10、f some species almost to the verge of extinction and international laws have been drawn up to protect them. The balance of nature is to be maintained in order to prevent soil deterioration. Human intervention has altered the established relationship between the plants of an area and the soil of that
11、 area. Animals introduced by man, sheep and goats for example, have led to widespread soil deterioration. By cutting down trees or by practising unsuitable systems of agriculture, man destroys the crumb structure of soil, thereby making it susceptible to erosion. Soil erosion results in loss of soil
12、 fertility and maintaining soil fertility is considered the biggest problem facing mankind apart from the prevention of war. The increase in world population and the growth of civilization have been the two major factors that have led man to cut down forests on an unprecedented scale and the erosion
13、 caused by the cutting down of huge areas of forests has resulted in floods on a scale hitherto unknown. Soil erosion can whittle away soil fertility and if adequate and effective measures are not taken it can become a menacing specter tearing at the prosperity of many countries. Pollution, in its d
14、ifferent forms, interferes with the balance of nature. Water pollution affects natures balance in oceans, lakes and rivers. Man - made pollution of water is due to municipal sewage, dumping by factories and the depositing of pesticides. Solid wastes can permeate the soil and pollute lakes and rivers
15、. Man has to adopt the philosophy of thrift by conserving natural resources and not destroying them by interfering with the balance of nature. He has to exploit natural resources, taking the environment as a whole. He has to practise fertilization, soil conservation and water management to make a ba
16、lanced use of the resources of nature possible. （分数：71.00）(1).Natures ways of maintaining the balance are simple and easily understood. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Man should take the philosophy of thrift by conserving natural resources and not destroying them. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The example of tadpo
17、les, fish eggs and waterfowl is used to show that the activities of man could give rise to negative chain reactions. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).If man continues to interfere with the balance of nature, it is possible that man may soon become extinct. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).By upsetting the balance of th
18、e climax stage, man will encourage the indiscriminate hunting of whales for food. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).The balance of nature can prevent soil deterioration. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Water pollution cant affect natures balance in oceans, rakes and rivers. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).The balance of nature
19、is to be maintained so as to prevent _ （分数：7.10）_(9).According to the passage, the peoples living of many countries could be seriously threatened by_ （分数：7.10）_(10).We learn from the passage that to maintain the balance, c of nature, we will have to_ （分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A
20、.Get a good nights sleep so hell feel better.B.Take the exam once more.C.Go out to see a movie.D.Stay in a cinema for a night.A.She needs a new raincoat or umbrella.B.It will probably rain tomorrow.C.She doesnt know what the weather will be like tomorrow.D.She doesnt know where the man put his rainc
21、oat or umbrella.A.He already took a picture of the flowers.B.He doesnt know how to use the camera.C.He doesnt think the flowers are beautiful.D.He does not have any more film left.A.They are going to have some milk for lunch.B.They will probably quarrel because they are both angry.C.They are going t
22、o breakfast soon.D.They are going to lunch soon.A.Go to the library.B.Get some exercise.C.Go to see a film.D.Do homework in school.A.Where John will meet her.B.What the topic of the meeting is.C.What John is wearing.D.Where the meeting is being held.A.She didnt clean the dorm.B.Her dorm is messy.C.S
23、he will help the man clean his dorm.D.She cleaned the library.A.Jack is likely to help.B.Jack doesnt know a lot about the problem.C.The man has already asked Jack for help.D.Jack was the last one who could solve the problem.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Her colleagues.B.Her neighbors.C.Her friends.D.
24、Her schoolmates.A.At supper - time.B.Before Jane went to bed.C.Around eleven.D.After midnight.A.To watch the night scenes.B.To look up at the stars.C.To clean up the roof.D.To show their visitor the view.A.The man wants to obtain an international drivers license that he can use both in the U.S. and
25、in his country.B.The man wants to take a drivers test to get an Arizona drivers license.C.The man wants to know whether he can use his international drivers license in Arizona.D.The man wants to fill out an application for an Arizona drivers license.A.Show his student ID and pay ten dollars.B.Use hi
26、s international drivers license.C.Take a drivers test and apply for a limited license.D.Show proof of temporary residence.A.Less than one year.B.Four years.C.Five years.D.Ten years.A.Fill out an application.B.Go back to the university to get his ID.C.Go to see his friend.D.Take a written exam and an
27、 eye exam.A.Scientists and philosophers had never studied the human body and its functions.B.Many of the ideas and theories that people used to accept were all incorrect.C.People used to accept ideas and theories.D.People used to accept undoubtedly many of the ideas and theories, correct and incorre
28、ct.A.The heart pumps blood in two directions.B.The blood is circulated round the body in one direction only by the pumping action of the heart.C.The blood moved with a backward and forward motion.D.The heart pumps blood in all directions.A.Artificial hearts.B.Telescopes.C.Microscopes.D.Radio telesco
29、pes.A.The people are not in regular communication with the rhythm of nature.B.The people cant enjoy sunshine and fresh air.C.Modem cities offer better schools, more chances of employment.D.Traffic fumes pollute the air.A.Because city-dwellers are obliged to adopt a wholly unnatural way of life.B.Bec
30、ause the sun was hidden from view by tall buildings.C.Because the noise made by traffic never stops.D.Because large modem cities are too big to control.A.Living conditions.B.Sunshine and fresh air.C.Air-conditioned houses.D.A few flowers and a few leaves.A.Large modern cities are not good to live in
31、.B.Living in large modern cities has so many disadvantages.C.All the simple, good things of life are imposed on the people who inhabit large cities.D.Many things that are going on in nature are connected with large cities.A.Rent a grave.B.Burn the body.C.Bury the dead near a church.D.Buy a piece of
32、land for a grave.A.To solve the problem of lack of land.B.To see whether they have decayed.C.To follow the Greek religious. practice.D.To move them to a multi-storey graveyard.A.They should be buried lying down.B.They should be buried standing up.C.They should be buried after being washed.D.They sho
33、uld be buried when partially decayed.A.Burning dead bodies to ashes.B.Storing dead bodies in a remote place.C.Placing dead bodies in a bone room.D.Digging up dead bodies after three years.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Some of the notebooks George Washington kept as a young man are still in (36) 1. They
34、 show that he was learning Latin, was very interested in the basics of good behavior in society, and was reading English (37) 2. At school he seemed only to have been interested in (38) 3. In fact his formal education was (39) 4 brief for a gentleman, and incomplete. For unlike other young Virginian
35、 gentlemen of that day, he did not go to the College of William and Mary in the Virginian (40) 5 of Williamsburg. In terms of formal (41) 6 then, Washington (42) 7 sharply with some other early American Presidents such as John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. In later years, Washington pro
36、bably regretted his lack of (43) 8 . (44) 9, or on any subject that had not to do with everyday, practical matters. (45) 10, he did not visit the country he admired so much. (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分
37、数：355.00)The basic flag of the United States is one of the worlds oldest national flags. Only the basic flags of Austria, Denmark, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland are older. During the discovery and settlement of what is now the United States the flags of various European nat
38、ions were flown over the land, as symbols of possession. Later, in the colonial and Revolutionary War periods, flags representing famous persons, places, and events were flown in the American Colonies. The first official flag of the United States was created by Congress on June 14, 1777. It consiste
39、d of 13 alternate red and white stripes and 13 white stars in a field of blue, representing the 13 colonies that had declared their independence in 1776. Congress adopted a new flag of 15 stars and 15 stripes in 1795, to give representation to the two new states admitted into the Union, Vermont and
40、Kentucky. By 1817, there were 20 states in the Union, and it became apparent that adding one stripe for each new state would destroy the shape of the flag. As a result, Congress in 1818 restored the original design of 13 stripes and provided that each state was to be represented by one star. In 1912
41、 President William H. Taft made the first official provision for the arrangement of the stars. He ordered that there be six even rows of eight stars each. Previously the arrangement of the stars had been left to the flag makers desire. The evolution of the stars and stripes reflects the growth of th
42、e United States. After the admission of Hawaii into the Union in 1959, the flag was officially changed for the 26th time since its creation. There are many government flags flown in the United States in addition to the national flag. Among them are the president s and vice-presidents flags and those
43、 of the federal departments and some federal agencies. Each state in the Union has an official flag. The United States Navy used special flags for signaling. （分数：177.50）(1).Why were only the flags of various European nations flown over the land during the discovery and settlement period?（分数：35.50）A.
44、Because the flags were older than the national flag of the U. S.B.Because the land was divided by these nations.C.Because there was no universal flag over the land.D.We dont know from the passage.(2).The first national flags of the United States_.（分数：35.50）A.represented the 13 colonies which won ind
45、ependence in 1776B.were flown in American colonies in 1776C.were flown in American colonies in 1795D.gave representation to Congress(3).Where the stars were placed on the national flag in 1818 was decided by_.（分数：35.50）A.CongressB.the presidentC.the governmentD.the flag maker(4).How many stars enter
46、ed the Union between 1818 and 1912?（分数：35.50）A.30B.28C.13D.8(5).What does the word “provided“ mean as used in the passage (Line 3, Paragraph 3)?（分数：35.50）A.describe as a storyB.give what is neededC.state as a conditionD.prove what is requiredFor any given task in Britain there are more men than are
47、needed. Strong unions keep them there in Fleet Street, home of some Londons largest dailies. It is understood that when two unions quarrel over three jobs, the argument is settled by giving each union two. That means 33 percent over-manning, 33 percent less productivity than could be obtained. A reporter who has visited plants throughout Europe has an impression that the pace of work is much slower here. Nobody tries too hard. Tea breaks do matter and are frequent. It is hard to measure intensity of work, but Britons give a distinct impression of going at thei
