1、大学英语四级（2013 年 12 月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 232 及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）_2.Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Skipping Classes in CollegesYou should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Outline
2、s are given below in Chinese： 1大学生逃课现象严重；2剖析一下该现象背后的原因：3现状能否改善，如何去做？（分数：2.00）_二、Listening Comprehens(总题数：12，分数：50.00)3.Part II Listening Comprehension_4.Section A_A.Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels.B.An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.C.The killing of more than 70 Ugandans
3、in Kampala.D.Blasts set off by a Somali group in Ugandas capital.A.On Christmas Eve.B.Just before midnight.C.During a security check.D.In the small hours of the morning.A.It is likely to close many of its stores.B.It is known for the quality of its goods.C.It remains competitive in the recession.D.I
4、t will expand its online retail business.A.Expand its business beyond groceries.B.Fire 25, 000 of its current employees.C.Cut its DVD publishing business.D.Sell the business for one pound.A.All taxis began to use meters.B.All taxis got air conditioning.C.Advertisements were allowed on taxis.D.Old ta
5、xis were replaced with new cabs.A.A low interest loan scheme.B.Environmentalists protests.C.Taxi passengers complaints.D.Permission for car advertising.A.There are no more irregular practices.B.All new cabs provide air-conditioning.C.New cabs are all equipped with meters.D.New legislation protects c
6、onsumer rights.5.Section B_A.To make preparations for a new publication.B.To learn how couples spend their weekends.C.To know how housework is shared.D.To investigate what people do at the weekend.A.He goes to exercise classes.B.He goes sailing.C.He goes to the cinema.D.He stays at home.A.Friday.B.S
7、aturday.C.Sunday.D.Any weekday.A.Surname.B.Job title.C.Address.D.Age.A.About 12 minutes.B.About 20 minutes.C.About 22 minutes.D.About 30 minutes.A.Because she thinks theres no way anyone else could fit on.B.Because she thinks that 20 minutes late for a train is pretty standard.C.Because she finds th
8、at its hard to find the commuting.D.Because she was shocked by the complicated schedules.A.Read a book.B.Play Game Boy.C.Listen to music.D.Chat with others.A.Because she may lose her belongings.B.Because she may miss the stop.C.Because its harmful to her health.D.Because there is no space to turn ov
9、er.6.Section C_A.Space.B.Stress.C.Diet.D.Sleep.A.They tend to reproduce more.B.They may show more signs of violence.C.They can eat and sleep better.D.They may commit suicide.A.Rats can populate rapidly.B.Population explosion can lead to violence.C.It is a natural law that animals live and die.D.Over
10、-crowdedness may have the same effects on man.A.Crimes committed by young people.B.Crimes committed by needy people.C.Influence on young people.D.Stealing and violence.A.They are usually poor and in need.B.They do not have as much freedom or money as they want.C.They live in an environment where eve
11、rybody knows each other.D.They are not satisfied with the adult world.A.The family and the school.B.The adults and the mass media.C.The society and the young people.D.The young people themselves.A.About seven million.B.Half of the American population.C.25% of American people.D.About 25 million.A.The
12、y are older than young people.B.The young people will soon be in charge of the nation.C.The students today have strong opinions.D.The youths ideas are sometimes wrong.A.The lives of their parents.B.Making a better life for all people.C.The trouble in American families.D.The strong opinions.A.They fe
13、el much is wrong with the lives of their parents.B.They see clearly what is right and good in the lives of their parents.C.They feel that everything about the lives of their parents is acceptable.D.They feel nothing is right and good in the lives of their parents.三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.0
14、0)7.Part III Reading Comprehension_8.Section A_The hassle involved in updating software means many of us dont do it, leaving our computers exposed to crash-prone, and insecure code. But now two major objections to 1 updatesthe fact that you have to stop running the software to upgrade it and the 2 t
15、hat an update will introduce bugscould be removed thanks to an ingenious idea from engineers at Imperial College London. Computer scientists have worked out how to employ the unused cores in “multicore“ (多核) microprocessors (微处理器) to make the update process invisible to the user. Whenever an update
16、is 3 , their trick is to leave the old version of the software running on one 4 so you can carry on using itwhile running the update in 5 on an unused core. They then synchronize (使同步；使同时发生) the execution of the two programs in such a wayan idea that limits damage from fresh bugs introduced by the u
17、pdate. In a Swiss survey, 70 per cent of a sample of 50 system administrators admitted they dont always update software for fear of the 6 it will causeand because 25 per cent of updates can introduce new 7 . The Imperial team has now successfully tested their idea, they told the International Confer
18、ence on Software Engineering in San Francisco last month. They say their 8 could be applied to apps on 9 as well as to server applications, but it is best suited to larger systems needing “increasing reliability, availability and 10 “.A) downtime F) smartphones K) coreB) available G) secure L) secur
19、ityC) ideas H) parallel M) installingD) bugs I) fear N) versionE) equipment J) using O) trick（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_10.Section B_More Pet Brands Target Owners Who Like to Cook Their Own Dog FoodA) Dog owners “know theyre not quite cooking“ whe
20、n they mash the meat or mix it with kibble, says Scott Morris, co-founder of the Secaucus, N. J., company. “But they still feel emotionally rewarded for the effort.“ That insight is driving a big shift in the way companies are designing food for the nations millions of dogs and cats. After years of
21、steadily rising pet-food sales, brands are launching premium-priced products requiring humans to refrigerate, freeze, dice, heat and/or mix-in additional ingredients like meat and vegetables.B) More pet owners want to feed their dogs and cats fresh food like the stuff people eat. These pet “parents“
22、 want to do more than dump food from a can or a bag into a bowl. They want to prepare a meal for their pet the way they would for a family member. Companies are designing specifically for the “happy dance“ what the industry calls all the jumping, wagging, purring and pawing that hungry dogs and cats
23、 do when anticipating a meal. “ That enjoyment is what the pet parent is looking for,“ says Evelia Davis, vice president of consumable merchandise for retailer PetSmart Inc.C) A majority of pet owners now customize their pets meals in some way, maybe adding bacon or some chopped vegetables, accordin
24、g to research from retailer Petco Animal Supplies Inc. “Were seeing it as a shift,“ says John Sturm, vice president of food and treats. “Just putting the bowl on the ground and walking away isnt the humanized experience that pet parents are looking for.“ Laura Twichell says the extra steps she takes
25、 to feed her black Labrador help stave off digestive problems. Twice a day, Ms. Twichell, a stay-at-home mother in Cincinnati, slices a quarter-pound slab from a roll of refrigerated chicken-and-vegetable dog food. She mixes it with a half-cup of organic, salmon-based kibble, which she has soaked in
26、 water and then heated in the microwave, plus three tablespoons of canned pumpkin puree.D) Once mainstream shoppers didnt give the ingredients in pet food much thought. Experts say its hard to achieve a balanced homemade diet, though, and eventually the expense and time involved turned a lot of pet
27、owners offand opened the door to nutrient-rich packaged products that require just a little preparation.E) In March, Nestle S. A. owned Purina introduced Just Right, an online customizable brand that asks owners questions about their dog, including breed, age, activity level and skin condition, and
28、then helps tailor food to the dogs individual needs. “We built this brand based on the belief that the best nutrition is personalized,“ says Brian Lester, Purinas director of marketing for innovation.F) U. S. sales of pet food in 2013 totaled an estimated $21 billion, up 24% since 2008, according to
29、 market research firm Packaged Facts. The industrys growth through the recession points to the close bond consumers feel with pets. In a survey last year, 83% of consumers said they consider their pets part of the family. Over the next 18 months, Whole Foods Market Inc. says it plans to expand its s
30、election of organic and animal welfare-rated pet food so the aisle looks more like one of its humanfood aisles. “We want people to know that the pet food they buy in our store would be something that they would be just as happy buying for themselves,“ says Dwight Richmond, global grocery purchasing
31、coordinator at Whole Foods.G) Mr. Richmondwho prefers the term pet “partners,“ not “owners“ cooks for his two Jack Russell Terriers, often making salmon or beef for both the dogs and for his wife and himself. The dogs meals are mixed with kibble. Freshpet says its refrigerated meat rolls are cooked
32、in small batches at lower temperatures without preservatives. With flavors for dogs like “grain-free salmon and ocean whitefish with spinach, cranberries and blueberries, “ Freshpet compares its products to “ a meal youd cook for your family, using simple ingredients you recognize“.H) Lucy Postins,
33、chief executive and founder, at first worried people wouldnt want the hassle of mixing warm water with dehydrate (脱水的) food mix. “ But they embraced it, “ she says. “They love the fact that they share with their pet this moment of anticipation.“ Ms. Postins says she personally tastes all Honest Kitc
34、hens products and ingredients and now is focused on adding varietybecause many owners worry their dogs and cats will get bored with repetition.I) In July, duck will join the lineup including cage-free turkey, free-range chicken and line-caught haddock. Honest Kitchen plans to add dry mixesincluding
35、blends of buckwheat, millet and quinoa, and vegetables like chard, pumpkin and peasto which consumers can add cooked or raw meat. Several pet-food makers say natural ingredients make their recipes appealing to humans. “The gross-out factor is gone with us,“ says Mark Sapir, vice president of marketi
36、ng for Merrick Pet Care Inc. The companys canned “French Country Cafe“ dog food evokes “the romance of France“ and “will have your dog begging for more in a heavy French accent, “the company says. “Thanksgiving Day Dinner“ has turkey, sweet potatoes, carrots, green beans and Granny Smith apples. “Wh
37、en you open the can, its really a human mealtime experience,“ Mr. Sapir says.J) Not every popular fruit and vegetable translates well for the pet palate. “A lot of these natural ingredients have a good cachet about them but arent necessarily what a dog or cat would have any interest in eating,“ says
38、 Nancy Rawson, a director of research at AFB International, in St. Charles, Mo., which produces flavor coatings to the pet-food industry. Behavioral analysis of dogs and cats helps Dr. Rawson determine whether flavors need to be adjusted. By examining how dogs and cats sniff, poke and eat their food
39、, she finds out their enthusiasm or objection. Having worked to balance strong-flavored pet-food ingredients like blueberries and peas, Dr. Rawson is bracing for the day when shell have to tackle the bitter taste of kale. “Im sure its coming,“ she says.（分数：20.00）(1).Some companies pay more attention
40、 on adding variety for fear that the dogs and cats may be fed up with repetition.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Some people prefer using pet partners to pet owners.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Companies begin to realize the importance of cooking the most nutritious food for their pets.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Experts try to
41、 balance the ingredients of pet food in order to produce suitable food for dogs and cats.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).The food cooked by pet owners for their dogs or cats may not achieve a healthy diet.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).The natural ingredients in pet food attract more people.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).A large amo
42、unt of pet owners will customize food for their dog or cat.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).Peoples attitude to their pets promotes the development of pet food industry.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).Pet owners are no longer satisfied with feeding their pet can food.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).Many companies change their ways in
43、designing pet food for the millions of dogs and cats.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Section C_Trawling (用拖网捕鱼) the seabed for fish is an environmental disaster; it wrecks ecosystems, destroys fish stocks and leaves behind a marine desert. Right? Environment campaigners say so. But there is growing evidence that
44、 the effect is sometimes very different, with trawling increasing fish stocks from the North Sea to the California coast. A new modeling study may for the first time have demonstrated why. Trawlers attach large nets to a metal beam dragged across the seabed to catch bottom-dwelling fish. Greenpeace
45、compares it to “driving a huge bulldozer through a forest“, leaving a flat, featureless desert on the seabed. Trawling clearly does remove fish, such as large crustaceans and shellfish, says Daniel van Denderen of the Wageningen Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies in the Netherlands. But this is a lucky break for softer, smaller species lurking in the sandy seabed, such as worms. They survive and, with fewer rivals, flourish.And if, as is often the case, these smaller critters are the main food for
