1、大学英语四级（2013 年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 252及答案解析(总分：118.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：2，分数：4.00)1.Part I Writing（分数：2.00）_2.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Online bookstores such as Amazon and
2、 Dangdang are enjoying great popularity in recent years. Some people argue that traditional bookstores will be replaced by those online bookstores since people can always buy cheaper books there. What s your opinion?（分数：2.00）_二、Listening Comprehens(总题数：12，分数：50.00)3.Part II Listening Comprehension_4
3、.Section A_A.The pro-Iranian Hezbollah.B.The Palestinian group Hamas.C.The Irish Republican Army.D.The Basque separatist group ETA.A.Entering the United States legally.B.Freezing US financial assets abroad.C.Receiving support from other countries.D.Giving weapons to other terrorist groups.A.Upgrade
4、its network capacity.B.Improve customer services.C.Develop new products.D.Market more iPhones.A.Nationwide.B.Overseas.C.In large cities.D.In remote towns.A.A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B.Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C.Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D.A big fire took
5、 place on two floors.A.Electrical short-cut.B.Lack of fire-safety measures.C.Terrorism.D.Not known.A.It is well carried out.B.It is not straightly enforced.C.It haven t enacted.D.It is not suitable.5.Section B_A.It is broken.B.It needs cleaning.C.It doesn t keep good time.D.It is out of battery.A.12
6、 months.B.15 months.C.3 months.D.9 months.A.It is reasonable.B.It should be not more than $3.99 plus tax.C.It should not be that high.D.$3.99 should also include the warranty.A.Until about 5:00 p.m.B.By tomorrow.C.In a few minutes.D.By this evening.A.To film a TV show.B.To tape a radio program.C.To
7、attend a party.D.To see a live show.A.Because he can dress casually.B.Because he hates his present job.C.Because he doesnt have smart suits.D.Because he doesnt say the truth.A.Not dress up.B.Wear casually.C.Try to be smart.D.Dress in bad taste.A.The man prefers working in television studios to worki
8、ng in radio studios.B.In TV studios, man should dress smart clothes.C.The woman agrees with the man s idea of taking off his ties and shoes.D.The man is going to dress some casual clothes after the conversation.6.Section C_A.Countries of America and Europe.B.Countries in the Middle East.C.Jewish cou
9、ntries.D.India.A.On January first.B.The first day of March.C.On Spring Festival.D.At the end of summer.A.People made noise in ancient times to drive away the evil spirits from the home.B.People made noise to welcome evil spirits.C.People made noise to drive away sadness.D.People made noise to be hap
10、pier on New Year s Day.A.Most of the early diamond miners became wealthy later.B.Diamonds couldnt be formed without great heat and pressure of the volcano.C.The earliest known diamonds were discovered in the River Amazon.D.Explosions of the volcano can damage diamonds as well.A.Under the river bed.B
11、.On the floor of the sea.C.In the volcanoes.D.At the foot of the mountains.A.Diamond Hunting.B.DiamondA Precious Stone.C.DiamondSymbol of Fortune.D.How Is Diamond Formed and Found?A.The development of electronic musical instruments.B.The relative costs of different types of musical instruments.C.The
12、 performance of classical music on synthesizers.D.The replacement of the harpsichord by the piano.A.At the beginning.B.In the middle.C.Near the end.D.Just after the end.A.He thinks it is too soon to tell.B.He disagrees with it.C.He is prized by it.D.He is alarmed by it.A.In the early nineteenth cent
13、ury.B.In the late nineteenth century.C.In the early twentieth century.D.In the late twentieth century.三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：8，分数：60.00)7.Part III Reading Comprehension_8.Section A_Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent“, the film has never been, in the ful
14、l sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an 1accompaniment: when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were 2by piano improvisations(即兴创作)on popular tunes. At first, the music played 3no special
15、 relationship to the films: an accompaniment of any kind was 4. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity(不协调)of playing lively music to a 5film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in 6their pieces to the mood of the film. As movie theaters grew in number and importan
16、ce, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist, would be added to the pianist in certain 7, and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program 8entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the
17、 principal 9for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown, the musical arrangement was 10improvised in the greatest hurry. A)sufficient B
18、)incredible C)accompanied D)comparatively E)matching F)rested G)normally H)occasions I)bore J)qualification K)solemn L)indispensable M)severe N)according O)cases（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_10.Section B_Want to Know Your Disease Risk? Check Your Exp
19、osome A)When it comes to health, which is more important, nature or nurture? You may well think your genes are a more important predictor of health and ill health. Not so fast. In fact, it transpires(得知)that our everyday environment outweighs our genetics, when it comes to measuring our risk of dise
20、ase. The genome(染色体组，基因组)is outwelcome the exposome(环境暴露). B)“The exposome represents everything a person is exposed to in the environment, that s not in the genes, “says Stephen Rappaport, environmental health scientist at the University of California, Berkeley. That includes stress, diet, lifestyl
21、e choices, recreational and medicinal drug use and infections, to name a few. “The big difference is that the exposome changes throughout life as our bodies, diets and lifestyles change, “he says. While our understanding of the human genome has been growing at an exponential(迅速发展的)rate over the last
22、 decade, it is not as helpful as we hoped in predicting diseases. “Genes only contribute 10 percent to the overall disease burden, “ says Rappaport. “Knowing genetic risk factors can prove absolutely futile(无用的), “ says Jeremy Nicholson at Imperial College London. He points to work by Nina Paynter a
23、t the Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston, who investigated the effects of 101 genetic markers implicated in heart disease. After following over 19, 000 women for 12 years, she found these markers were not able to predict anything about the incidence of heart disease in this group. C)On the other
24、hand, the impact of environmental influences is still largely a mystery. “Theres an imbalance between our ability to investigate the genome and the environment, “ says Chris Wild, director of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, who came up with the idea of the exposome. In reality, most
25、 diseases are probably caused by a combination of the two, which is where the exposome comes in. “The idea is to have a comprehensive analysis of a person s full exposure history, “ says Wild. He hopes a better understanding of exposures will shed a brighter light on disease risk factors. D)There ar
26、e likely to be critical periods of exposure in development. For example, the time from birth to 3 years of age is thought to be particularly important. “We know that this is the time when brain connections are made, and that if you are obese(过度肥胖的)by this age, you 11 have problems as an adult, “ say
27、s Nicholson. In theory, a blood or urine sample taken from an individual could provide a snapshot of what that person has been exposed to. But how do you work out what fingerprints chemicals might leave in the body? The task is not as formidable(艰难的)as it sounds. For a start, researchers could make
28、use of swatches(样本)of bio-bank information that has already been collected. “There has been a huge international funding effort in adult cohorts(一群)like the UK Bio-bank already, “ says Wild. “If we improved analysis, we could apply it to these groups.“ E)Several teams are also working towards develo
29、ping wearable devices to measure personal exposure to chemicals in the environment. “We can put chemicals in categories, “ says Rappaport. “We could start by prioritizing toxic chemicals, and look for markers of these toxins in the blood, while hormones and metals can be measured directly.“ Rappapor
30、t is looking at albumin(白蛋白), a common protein in the blood that transports toxins to the liver where they are processed and broken down. He wants to know how it reacts with a range of chemicals, and is measuring the products. “You can get a fingerprinta display of all the products an individual has
31、 been exposed to.“ F)By combining this information with an enhanced understanding of how exposure affects health, the exposome could help better predict a persons true disease risk. And we shouldnt have to wait longRappaport reckons we can reap the benefits within a generation. To this end, the US N
32、ational Institutes of Health has set up an exposure biology program. “We re looking for interactions between genes and exposure to work out an individuals risk of disease, “ says David Balshaw, who manages the program. “It would allow you to tailor(使合适)the therapeutic response to that persons risk.“
33、 An understanding of this interaction, reflected in a persons metabolic(新陈代谢的)profiles(数据图表), might also help predict how they will respond to a drug. Nicholson has been looking for clues in metabolite profiles of urine samples. G)Last year, his research group used these profiles to predict how indi
34、viduals would metabolise paracetamol(扑热息痛). “It turned out that gut(肠子)microbes(微生物)were very important, “ says Nicholson. “Weve shown that the pre-dose urinary metabolite profile could predict the metabolism of painkilling drugs, and therefore predict drug toxicity.“ The findings suggest that metab
35、olic profiles of exposure could help doctors tailor therapies and enable them to prescribe personalized medicines. Justin Stebbing at Imperial College London has already shown that metabolic profiles of women with breast cancer can predict who will respond to certain therapies. It is early days, but
36、 the initial findings look promising. “Were reaching the point where were capable of assessing the exposome, “ says Balshaw. With the implications for understanding disease causes and risks, and a real prospect of developing personalized medicine, the expo-some is showing more promise than the genom
37、e already, he adds. H)How does air pollution or stress leave a trace in the blood? The US National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, is trying to find out. One group funded by the NIH and led by Nongjian Tao at Arizona State Universitys Biodesign Institute in Tempre is developing wearable
38、wireless sensors to monitor an individual s exposure to environmental pollutants. Tao s team started by creating software for Windows phones(视窗话筒), but they are working on apps(应用程序)that could be used on any smart phone. In theory, anyone could pop on(戴)a sensor and download an app to receive real-t
39、ime information on exposure to environmental pollutants. At the same time, smart phones monitoring your location can combine the level of pollution with an exact time and place. Tao presented his sensor at the Circuits and Systems for Medical and Environmental Applications Workshop in Yucatan Mexico
40、 last week. I)“Were now moving prototypes(原型, 样品)into human studies, and progressing those prototypes into products, “ says David Balshaw of the NIH. Earlier this year, Tao s group tried out the sensor on individuals taking a stroll around Los Angeles, California. They were able to measure how expos
41、ure to pollutants changed as each person wandered near busy roads and petrol stations.（分数：20.00）(1).Theoretically speaking, we can know what one has been exposed to from his blood samples.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Chris Wild put forward the conception of exposome.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Rappaport has confiden
42、ce in the realization of exposomes helping better predict peoples true disease risk.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Jeremy Nicholson said, knowing genetic risk factors of health turned out to be completely useless.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).When measuring the risk of disease, one should consider the influence of expos
43、ome first.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(6).The albumin in our blood plays the role of conveying toxins to the liver.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(7).The metabolic profiles of individuals can reflect the interaction between genes and exposure.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(8).According to the findings of Nicholsons research group, doctors
44、can give a prescription of personalized medicines with the help of metabolic profiles of exposure.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(9).Nicholson says that one s period from birth to the age of three is a period that forms his brain connections.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(10).The wearable wireless sensors being developed by Tao
45、s research group are used to detect the exposure to environmental pollutants of individuals.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Section C_If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky. If you say to your children “Im sorry I got angry with you, but.“ what follows that “but“ can render the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day“ or “your noise was giving me a headache“ leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he shoul
