1、大学英语四级 116及答案解析(总分：746.57，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of refusal. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese: 假设朋友 Gary 邀请你参加一个聚会，但你因故不能参加，写信向他说明原因，并祝聚会成功。 （分
2、数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)How to Deal with Loneliness Loneliness is a feeling of emptiness or hollowness inside you. You feel isolated or separated from the world, cut off from those you would like to have contact with. There are different kinds of loneliness and different degre
3、es of loneliness. You might experience loneliness as a vague feeling that something is not right, a kind of minor emptiness. Or you might feel loneliness as a very intense deprivation (剥夺) and deep pain. One type of loneliness might be related to missing a specific individual because they have died
4、or because they are so far away. Another type might involve feeling alone and out of contact with people because you are actually physically isolated from. For instance, if you work alone on the night shift or are alone in a part of a building where people seldom go. You might even feel emotionally
5、isolated when you are surrounded by people but are having difficulty reaching out to them. It needs to be emphasized here that loneliness is not the same as being alone. A person will always have time when they chose to be alone. Rather, loneliness is the feeling of being alone and feeling sad about
6、 it. And, of course, all of us feel lonely some of the time. It is only when we seem trapped in our loneliness that it becomes a real problem. Loneliness is a passive state. That is, it is maintained by the state that we only passively let it continue and doing nothing to change it. We hope it will
7、go away, eventually, and we do nothing but let it envelop us. Strangely, there are times when we might even embrace the feeling. Yet, embracing loneliness and sinking down into the feelings associated with it usually leads to a sense of depression and helplessness, which, in turn, leads to an even m
8、ore passive state and more depression. To stop feeling lonely, we first must accept that we are feeling lonely. Sometimes admitting that to ourselves is difficult. We then have to express those feelings of loneliness in some way. We might find ourselves writing in a diary, writing an imaginary lette
9、r to a friend or relative, drawing or painting a picture, making up a song, or doing anything else that lets us begin to express the feelings we have inside usincluding talking with other people! Expressing our feelings might lead us to discover that we feel a number of things which might be connect
10、ed to our feelings of loneliness, including sadness, anger, and frustration. We might be able to begin to see where these feelings are coming from what they are connected to in our lives. As we begin to see the connections we will be more able to begin to make changes. The big change, of course, is
11、to stop being passive and become more active. If were missing someone, such as parents, family, or friends, we can telephone, write, e-mail or visit them. Talking to an understanding friend can often help change our moods as well. If we dont have an understanding friend, talking with a pastor (牧师),
12、teacher or counselor might be a place to start. If we are lonely because we are missing someone who has died, being able to express our grief at their loss and beginning to remember our happier moments with them and knowing that those memories can always be with us, can move us away from the lonely
13、feelings. This can also apply to losses of significant friendships or lovers. Getting involved in some sort of activity or club can accomplish several things. It can take our minds off of feeling lonely as we get involved in the enjoyable activity. It can actually change our mood directly in this wa
14、y. It can give us opportunities to meet people with similar interests and practice our people-meeting skills. It can provide some structure in our lives so that we have things to look forward to. It can remind us of how good we might have felt in the past doing similar things. Sometimes these effect
15、s can come very quickly and sometimes they may come more slowly. Everyone feels lonely from time to time. Using some of the suggestions above will most likely help cope better with those feelings. If you find mat you are having difficulty dealing with feelings of loneliness on your own, you may want
16、 to seek out the help of a mental health professional in your community. Note: This document is based on an audiotape script developed by the University of Texas, Austin. With their permission, it was revised and edited into its current form by the staff of the University of Florida Counseling Cente
17、r. （分数：71.00）(1).Exercise can benefit those who suffer from loneliness.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Psychologists suggest eating a healthy diet to ward off loneliness.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).There are many different degrees of loneliness that people experience.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Writing in a journal, t
18、alking with friends and family members may help combat feelings of loneliness.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).All types of loneliness are caused by working or living alone.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Traveling to another country may cause loneliness for some people.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Often, suffers of lonelin
19、ess turn to suicide as a final solution to their loneliness.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).One may even embrace their feelings of loneliness and 1 to their feelings.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).Loneliness is a 1 when it is allowed to continue because the person does not seek out interaction with others.（分数：7.10）填空项
20、1:_(10). 1memories with friends or loved ones who have died can help to move us away from these feelings of loneliness.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.He ate all the food.B.He cleaned the refrigerator.C.He worked day and night.D.He had a big lunch.A.Hes playing sports.B.Hes w
21、atching sports games.C.Hes driving.D.Hes fighting.A.She didnt feel well.B.She went dancing earlier.C.She came down to go dancing.D.She got mad at the woman.A.$5.00B.$5.60C.$4.40D.$6.60A.In a shipping company office.B.In Professor Bensons office.C.In a publishers office.D.In a university store.A.They
22、 will have to take a different bus.B.The trip is too dangerous.C.They will have to wait.D.There is a problem with the bus.A.A secretary.B.A novelist.C.A newspaperman.D.A businessman.A.In New York.B.In Boston.C.In Michigan.D.In Washington.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.The man is learning how to use a
23、computer.B.The woman is showing the man how to put page numbers on a document.C.The man is printing a document.D.The man is using his computer to do mathematical functions.A.He needs to press F -7 to return to the document before he prints it.B.He has to print the document to see the page numbers.C.
24、The printer is not Working correctly.D.The numbers are on the screen but they dont print out.A.She wants the man to listen to the instructions and observe.B.She wants the man to watch while she performs the operations.C.She wants the man to ask questions so that she can help him.D.She wants the man
25、to try to do it while she gives him instructions.A.At school.B.In a hospital.C.In a shop.D.In a park.A.To help the woman make a purchase.B.To request the womans identification.C.To show the woman for a course at City College.D.To register the woman how to make out a check.A.Money.B.Money or credit c
26、ards.C.Credit cards or checks.D.Checks or money.A.She used her student ID card and a charge card.B.She used her credit card.C.She used her drivers license and her student ID card.D.She used her telephone number and her student ID card.A.Because many people lived in poverty.B.Because there were many
27、road accidents.C.Because there was no advanced medicine.D.Because a woman has many children.A.Dangerous diseases.B.Traffic accidents.C.Too many children.D.Few doctors and little medicine.A.At a police station.B.At the doctors office.C.In an operating room.D.In a hall.A.They make decisions by tossing
28、 coins.B.They are not physically separated.C.They think exactly the same way.D.They share most of their vital organs.A.Few of them can live long.B.Few of them get along well with each other.C.Most of them live a normal life.D.Most of them differ in their likes and dislikes.A.They go to a regular sch
29、ool.B.They attend a special school.C.They are taught by their parents.D.They have a private tutor.A.He was struck by lightning.B.He had a car accident.C.He was very old.D.He fell down in his yard.A.His wife.B.A clock.C.A tree.D.Lightning.A.Hiding under a tree.B.Entering the house.C.Driving a car.D.L
30、ying on the ground.A.A fall from the tree.B.The unexpected return of his wife.C.Another flash of lightning.D.Another heavy blow.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A few years ago it was (36) 1to speak of a generation gap, a division between young people and their elders. Parents (37) 2that children did not
31、show them proper respect and (38) 3, while children that their parents did not understand them at all. What had gone wrong? Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared? (39) 4, the generation gap has been around for a long time. Many (40) 5argue that it is built into the fabric of our society. One
32、important cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their own life-styles. In more (41) 6societies, when children grow up, they are expected to live in the same area as their parents, to marry people that their parents know and (42) 7of, and often to continue th
33、e family (43) 8. In our society, young people often travel great distances for their educations, move out of the family home at an early age, marry or live with (44) 9. In our upwardly mobile society, parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find better jobs, to make more m
34、oney, and to do all the things that they were unable to do. Often, however, (45) 10. Finally, the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the generations. In a culture, (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
35、1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Amtrak (美国铁路客运公司) was experiencing a downswing in ridership (客运量) along the lines comprising its rail system. Of major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were the long-distance western routes where ridership had been declining s
36、ignificantly. At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast areas of the west. Trains were fast, very luxurious, and quite convenient compared to other forms of transportation existing at the time. However, times change and the automobile became Americas standard of convenience.
37、Also, air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling great distances. Therefore, the task for DDB Needham was to encourage consumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered f
38、or travel in the west. Two portions of the total market were targeted: 1) anxious fliers those concerned with safety, relaxation, and cleanliness and 2) travel-lovers those viewing themselves as relaxed, casual, and interested in the travel experience as part of their vacation. The agency then devel
39、oped a campaign that focused on travel experiences such as freedom, escape, relaxation, and enjoyment of the great western outdoors. It stressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed western train trips as wonderful adventures. Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery t
40、hat could be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains ( Empire Builder, etc. ). These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target
41、 audiences. Results were impressive. The Empire Builder, which was focused on in one ad, enjoyed a 15 percent increase in profits on its Chicago to Seattle route. （分数：177.50）(1).Whats the authors purpose in writing this passage?（分数：35.50）A.To show the inability of trains to compete with planes with
42、respect to speed and convenience.B.To stress the influence of the automobile on Americas standard of convenience.C.To emphasize the function of travel agencies in market promotion.D.To illustrate the important role of persuasive communication in changing consumer attitudes.(2).It can be inferred fro
43、m the passage that the drop in Amtrak ridership was due to the fact that _.（分数：35.50）A.trains were not suitable for short distance passenger transportationB.trains were not the fastest and most convenient form of transportationC.trains were not as fast and convenient as they used to beD.trains could
44、 not compete with planes in terms of luxury and convenience(3).To encourage consumers to travel by train, DDB Needham emphasized _.（分数：35.50）A.the freedom and convenience provided on trainsB.the practical aspects of train travelC.the adventurous aspects of train tripsD.the safety and cleanliness of
45、train trips(4).The train ads were placed among family-oriented TV programs involving nature and America because（分数：35.50）A.they could focus on meaningful travel experiencesB.they could increase the effectiveness of the TV programsC.their profits could be increased by some 15 percentD.most travel-lov
46、ers and nervous fliers were believed to be among the audiences(5).According to the passage, the Empire Builder enjoyed an increase in ridership and profits because_.（分数：35.50）A.the attractiveness of its name and route was effectively advertisedB.it provided an exciting travel experienceC.its passeng
47、ers could enjoy the great western outdoorsD.it was widely advertised in newspapers and magazines in Chicago and SeattleTwo hours from the tall buildings of Manhattan and Philadelphia live some of the worlds largest black bears. They are in northern Pennsylvanias Pocono Mountains, a home they share w
48、ith an abundance of other wildlife. The streams, lakes, meadows (草地), mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for black bears have also attracted more people to the region. Open spaces are threatened by plans for housing estates and important habitats (栖息地) are endangered by highway construction. To protect the Poconos natural beauty from irresponsible development. The Nature Conservancy (大自然保护协会) named the area one of Americas “Last Great Places“. Operating out of a century
