1、大学英语四级 171 及答案解析(总分：746.58，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a welcome speech on behalf of the department to welcome Professor Thomas to give a lecture. You should write at least 120 words according to the guidelines given belo
2、w in Chinese. 假设你所在的化学系邀请著名化学教授(Thomas)做讲座，请你写一篇欢迎词。内容主要包括： 1表示热情欢迎 2简要介绍教授的情况 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)In the United States, the items on a typical dinner plate have traveled between 1,500 and 2,500 miles to get there. That distance has increased by as much as 25 percent ove
3、r the last 20 years an increase that comes with a series of consequences for food, farmers, consumers, local economies and even the global climate. Starting last fall on Tufts Medford/ Somerville campus, students had the chance to lower the overall mileage(里程)of their lunches when the dining hall of
4、fered apples grown in nearby Topsfield, Mass. Part of the Harvest Food Festival, the “make-your-own-caramel (饴糖) -apple“ display featured (特出展示) six different locally grown apple varieties. The popular Tufts Dining Services program was part of ongoing efforts to increase the amount of local produce
5、(农产品) available on Tufts campuses. Friedman School Ph.D. student Melissa Bailey is one of those devoted to the cause. Combining her interests in sustainable agriculture and public policy, Bailey took it upon herself to breathe new life into the Tufts Food Awareness Project, a group launched by Tufts
6、 graduate students in the 1990s to raise awareness about the environmental, social and health issues connected to food production. “It was a great start, and there had been a lot of student backing and interest,“ Bailey says. “But when the students graduate, the idea sort of graduates with them if i
7、ts not institutionalized as part of the community.“ So Bailey joined forces with Julie Lampie, nutrition marketing specialist for Dining Services, in whom she found an enthusiastic ally, and secured a grant from the Tufts Institute for the Environment to pay graduate students Bryanna Millis and Geor
8、gia Kayser to work on the project. Together, the team works to raise awareness, solve problems and forge partnerships among the primary players: Tufts chefs, major food distributors and local farmers. Bailey and Lampie who work on the project mainly as a labor of love also seek to raise awareness am
9、ong the student body to the point where student demand drives the addition of local produce to Tufts menus. On caramel apple night, their outreach (达到的范围) took the form of informational posters about the Connemara House Apple Farm and Guinee family who plant and tend the apple trees. They also descr
10、ibed the personal and global benefits of eating locally grown produce. “Of course the students loved making caramel apples, but it also gave them an education,“ Bailey says. “Its not up to me to make an ethical appeal to them, but they need to have the information to be able to make an informed choi
11、ce.“ From farm to fork What are the benefits of buying local? Obviously, produce making the trip from Topsfield to Medford requires less sossil (化石) fuel to get it from farm to dining hall than apples grown in Washington State. Using less gasoline means reducing the amount of greenhouse gases releas
12、ed into the atmosphere. Shorter trips also require less energy-consuming refrigeration and waste-producing packaging. Some experts estimate that globe-travelling produce can require up to four times as much energy as an equivalent amount of local food and account for four times the greenhouse gas em
13、issions (释放) . Then theres the amount of energy, water, pesticides and fertilizers that go into raising produce. “If you grow things that are suited to your climate locally,“ Bailey explains, “you might not need as many of these inputs on the front end to grow things.“ Since the terrorist attacks of
14、 September 11,2001, homeland security experts have even noted that food is more vulnerable to sabotage (破坏) the longer the distance from farm to fork. Recent decades have witnessed the rise of centralized, corporate agriculture; just 10 multinational companies produce more than half of the products
15、available in the average supermarket. That puts the nations food supply at greater risk for contamination (污染) whether intentional or unintentional, as with mad cow disease or E.coli outbreaks. Similarly, if the nations transportation systems were ever disabled, many cities and towns would run out o
16、f food within a day or two. But as the interest in consuming locally grown produce blossoms, the number of farmers markets in the United States has doubled in the last decade. That means a safer and more constant food supply for people lucky enough to live near these 3,100 markets. The Worldwatch In
17、stitute estimates consumers are spending some $1 billion annually at local fanners markets, pouring that money into their regional economies. A large institution like Tufts buying locally grown produce is a boom to the Massachusetts economy. “The local farms will increasingly benefit, given the volu
18、me that we use,“ Bailey says. “The Guinees love farming apples, and they just saw this as a great community partnership.“ But even those of us who dont always think quite so globally still have reason to choose locally grown foods. Many varieties of fruits and veggies have actually been bred for fea
19、tures that will help them survive the trip, not necessarily enhance their flavor. Double-blind taste tests show people simply find local foods fresher, tastier and more appealing. Bailey says that Tufts dining staff have been enthusiastic partners, too, rising to the creative challenge of creating m
20、enus based solely on whats locally available. “The chefs Julie Lampie works with were great,“ she says. “They came up with new recipes (食谱) using local butternut squash to make soups.“ Winter of our discontent With all the attractive reasons to serve local foods in Tufts dining halls, there is one,
21、long, cold problem. “The limitation is the winter, basically,“ Lampie laments. “There is so little available for the majority of the school year, which is really frustrating. The California schools have a huge advantage.“ In New England, the growing season is short. From June through September, Mass
22、achusetts farmers produce everything from apples to watermelons. But after September, only Octobers apples, cranberries, cabbages, potatoes and squashes remain for chefs to work with until early veggies like asparagus come up in the spring. “The next step would be twofold: One, to find out what the
23、earliest produce would be and when we could get them, and, two, give the chefs time to prepare,“ Bailey says. “Its up to them to integrate the information into their menus, but we need to provide it first.“ Another issue is food preparation. When foods like potatoes or butternut squash come from nat
24、ional vendors, they arrive in cans pre-peeled (预先削皮的) and cubed (切成方块的) . Lettuce often arrives washed, chopped or shredded. Industry insiders call these prepped and ready-to-go bulk foods “value-added.“ But neither the local farms nor Tufts has the labor and facilities to process, say, Maine potato
25、es this way. “For Tufts, the labor costs of having the staff peel hundreds of potatoes,“ Bailey says, “its just not feasible (可行的) .“ “Thats something were investigating. Maybe it should be a student job to pick up the produce once a week and bring it to the dining facility,“ says Bailey. “There are
26、 obstacles, but I think there are lots of opportunities to overcome those obstacles when you consider the resources we have at Tufts.“ （分数：71.00）(1).The article is about how people in the United States have to travel about 1,500 to 2,500 miles to get the typical dinner plates.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).
27、Bailey has secured a grant to encourage the Tufts chefs to increase the amount of local produce on Tufts campuses.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Buying local food means the consumption of less energy and less green house gas emissions.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Americas food supply is exposed to great danger.（分
28、数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Consumers spending on the local food can help to boost the local economy.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).If you dont care about the connection between food production and global environment, you dont have enough reason to buy locally grown food.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).Tufts school will ge
29、t the staff in the cafeteria to give the added-value to the local produce.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Tufts Food Awareness Project was launched to raise awareness about_ connected to food production.（分数：7.10）_(9).Bailey thinks the posters they give can provide students with the necessary information for
30、them to make a sensible food choice, and she doesnt want to make_.（分数：7.10）_(10).The chefs in the Tufts cafeteria have put forward new recipes based_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The woman is the leader of the class.B.The woman is the bravest one in the class.C.The woman is the
31、smartest one in the class.D.The woman is the most careful one in the class.A.Check with the classmates in the classroom.B.Check to see if he left it in the hallway.C.Check the gym room since he has a gym bag.D.Check the classroom to see if he left it there.A.She has to study for the exam.B.She is pa
32、rticularly interested in plays.C.Shes eager to watch the new play.D.She can lend her notes to the man.A.The woman be more careful next time.B.They try to think of a solution.C.The woman find a spare key.D.They come downstairs.A.The woman is meeting the man at the airport.B.They are complaining about
33、 the poor airport service.C.They are discussing their plan for Christmas.D.The man is seeing the woman off.A.It looks quite new.B.It needs to be repaired.C.It looks old.D.Its engine needs to be painted.A.The deadline is drawing near.B.She cant meet the deadline.C.She turned in the proposals today.D.
34、They are two days ahead of time.A.Take it back to the store.B.Find the warranty.C.Find the instruction.D.Call for help.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.She bought a mug.B.She fell while walking home from work.C.She was robbed.D.She lost her left shoe carelessly on her way home.A.A woman with a beard.B.A
35、 woman.C.A man.D.Not mentioned.A.On the street.B.In a store.C.On the playground.D.In the park.A.3.B.4.C.5.D.6.A.It should be at 11:00.B.It can be a bit earlier.C.He objects to having one.D.It shouldnt be changed.A.It is unrealistic.B.They should learn from the other companies to introduce it.C.They
36、should investigate it.D.He agrees with the opinion of the Managing Director on this.A.They should have a new printer.B.They should have a company party.C.They should reorganize the furniture.D.They should have a non-smoking office.A.The museums are a financial success.B.The public should support cul
37、tural institutions.C.Crocker Bank wants new depositors.D.People are leaving New York too rapidly.A.They have hotels and stores.B.Hotels are beside the museums.C.Tourists are brought to the city by them to spend money.D.They need money to build the museums.A.Too many hotels in the cities.B.Not enough
38、 tourists.C.Reduction in government support.D.People are hot interested in art any more.A.People would not buy more food than was necessary.B.Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.C.People had effective ways to preserve their food.D.Food was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily.
39、A.Investors.B.Manufacturers.C.Consumers.D.Traveling salesmen.A.Critical.B.Neutral.C.Objective.D.Compromising.A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.A.The rent is going to be too expensive for her.B.She doesnt like her present apartment.C.The present apartment hasnt enough rooms.D.There are too many problems wi
40、th the apartment.A.Around her area.B.In another area.C.In the neighborhood.D.Downtown.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, (36) 1to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky. If you say to your childre
41、n “Im sorry I got (37) 2with you, but.“ what follows that “but“ can render the apology ineffective; “I had a bad day“ or “your (38) 3was giving me a headache“ leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be (39) 4for his bad behavior instead of expecting an apology. Another method b
42、y which people appear to apologize without (40) 5doing so is to say “Im sorry youre upset“; this suggests that you are somehow at (41) 6for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done. Then there is the general, all (42) 7apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a spec
43、ific act that was (43) 8hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is should promise never to do again. (44) 9. But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. (45) 10. And that hitting a playmate over the
44、 head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other childrens expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:
45、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)The three main types of secondary education in the United States have been provided by the Latin grammar school, the academy, and the public high school. The first of these was a colonial institution. It began i
46、n New England with the establish ment in 1635 of the Boston Free Latin School. The curriculum (课程) consisted mainly of the classical languages, and the purpose of this kind of school was the preparation of boys for college, where most of them would be fitted for the ministry. The academy began in th
47、e early 1750s with Benjamin Franklins school in Philadelphia, which later became the University of Pennsylvania. It extended generally to about the middle nineteenth century, except in the southern states where the public high school was late in developing and where the academy continued to be a principal means of secondary education even after 1900. The academy was open to girls as well as to boys, and it provided a wider curriculum than what the Latin grammar school had furnished. It was designed not only as a preparation for college but also for pra
