1、大学英语四级 176 及答案解析(总分：746.58，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Internet and Our Life. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 因特网使我们的生活进入了一个新时代； 2. 它深刻地影响着我们的生活； 3. 应该如何看
2、待这一现象？ （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Labor Force The labor force is the part of a nations population that works for pay or that is looking for a paying job. In 1800, the United States had about 2 million people in its labor force. Most of them worked on farms, most of whom were me
3、n. In 1993, about 130 million Americans were in the labor force. 96 million workers were found in large cities, 46 percent of whom were women. New Kinds of Jobs In the twentieth century, the U. S. labor force has undergone many changes. One of the most significant of these changes is in the decline
4、in the number of blue collar jobs and the rise in the number of white-collar jobs. A blue-collar job involves manual or outdoor labor. Blue-collar workers include factory assemblers and welders; carpenters, plumbers(水暖工), mechanics, and painters; construction workers, and truck drivers. Although the
5、 number of blue-collar workers increased in the twentieth century, the future will see a declining need for such workers. Some of their jobs will be taken over by advanced automated and computerized machinery that can do certain blue-collar jobs more quickly and efficiently than people can. In contr
6、ast, a white-collar job involves work that is not chiefly manual. For example, white collar workers include accountants, engineers, teachers, lawyers, and sales personnel. In 1900, white collar workers made up about 20 percent of the labor force; today, 67 percent of all American wage earners hold w
7、hite collar jobs. Advances in computer technology have created many new white-collar jobs, such as those in programming and information processing. These changes will continue to dramatically change the nature of existing jobs. The Rise of Women in the Labor Force Until 1940, the opportunities for w
8、omen to hold jobs were limited. Prejudice and discrimination(歧视)against women forced many of them to find employment as teachers, nurses, and secretaries. In 1940, women held only 25 percent of the jobs. World War -1941 through 1945-brought about many changes in the labor force. Men were drafted to
9、serve in the armed forces of the United States. At the same time, the country needed labor to keep factories running at full production to support the war effort. As a result, women were suddenly needed and hired even though they had been previously excluded from such jobs. Women not only repaired a
10、irplanes and land vehicles, but they also drove trucks, operated radios and ma chinery, and did clerical work. During the war years, the percentage of women in the labor force rose from 25 percent to 35 percent. Married women, many of whose husbands were in the armed forces, made up the greatest num
11、ber of new women workers. In 1940, fewer than half of working women were single, but by 1945 a majority of women workers were married. By the end of the war, one out of every three workers in industry and business was a woman. The Postwar Years After the war, the men who returned from the armed forc
12、es went back to the same jobs they had held prior to the war. As a result, many women lost their wartime jobs. However, not all the women who had held jobs for the first time returned to their former roles as homemakers. Women had proved they could do these jobs well. As a result, the traditional ba
13、rriers against the employment of women in such industries as steel and shipbuilding started to disappear. As the postwar prosperity continued, new positions became available for the returning men and for the many women workers now in the labor force. Many women found that they enjoyed not only emplo
14、yment outside their homes but also the benefits of paying jobs. Many women were beginning to see work as a permanent part of their lives. By earning their own income, they became less dependent and more self-sufficient. Their independence gave them new choices and made them aware of a wider range of
15、 roles available to them. The economic prosperity that followed the war also enabled many young couples to purchase houses. Many began raising families. Some women chose to stay at home to raise their children, while their husbands went to work. As a result, the percentage of women workers declined
16、after the war, but it never went as low as it was in 1940. The 1960s to the 1990s The 1960s saw the beginning of many social changes in the United States, some of which were brought about by the womens liberation movement. Many women became keenly aware that they were often paid less than men for do
17、ing the same kind of work and that they were not promoted as easily or quickly as men. They also found that discrimination in jobs and in education still existed. As a result of womens protests, equal opportunity laws were passed that made discrimination against women in jobs and education illegal.
18、This legislation opened up to women many business and professional positions that had previously been closed to them. The 1970s were troubled by ongoing inflation. For many couples, the high standard of living combined with the high cost of living, made it necessary for both the husband and wife to
19、hold paying jobs. The two-income family became a way of life that continues today. Many divorced, separated, or widowed women also entered the labor force in the 1970s. The 1980s brought more changes. Many businesses were not able to survive the recession of that period. Many manufacturing industrie
20、s, such as the auto, steel, textile, and clothing industries, suffered at the hands of increased competition from foreign countries. As a result, many plants and factories closed; the number of available jobs sharply declined. Because of the recession more mothers of young children entered the labor
21、 force. In general, families in the 1970s,80s, and90s have had fewer children than families of earlier generations. There has therefore been less need for women to stay at home for many years to care for young children, and more married women have been free to join the job market. Coupled with the t
22、rend toward two-income families, the labor force participation of married women with young children has risen dramatically since the 1970s. About 19 percent of mothers with children below age 6 were employed in 1970. In 1993, About 60 percent were employed. A Changing Labor Force Shifts from blue-co
23、llar to white-collar jobs and the increase in the number of working women continue to affect the labor force. These trends are altering the relationship between workers and their work, and people require new skills and training in all fields of employment. Nevertheless, todays (1990s) workers-whethe
24、r blue-collar or white-collar, male or female-earn higher wages, work shorter hours, and receive more extra benefits than workers prior to the 1940s. （分数：71.00）(1).In 1993, women held 46 percent of the paying jobs in the United States. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The application of advanced automated and
25、 computerized machinery will result in loss of some blue-collar jobs. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).During World War , some jobs which previously excluded women were open to them. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).After the war, returned male workers were responsible for the total loss of womens jobs. （分数：7.10）A.YB.N
26、C.NG(5).Few women realized they suffered inequality in jobs and education in the 1960s. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).As the children grew up, most of the mothers entered the labor force again in the 1970s. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).The passage mainly illustrates trends in the US labor force during 1940s and
27、1990s. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).In the 1970s, the high standard and cost of living contributed m the emergence of _. （分数：7.10）_(9).In 1980s, many manufacturing industries were increasingly confronted with _. （分数：7.10）_(10).Compared with the workers before 1940s, workers in the 1990s earn more, work sh
28、orter hours, and are given _. （分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Get some change from Jane.B.Use the womans phone.C.Go to look for a pay phone.D.Pay for the phone call.A.Its not raining as hard now.B.The rain has just begun.C.It only rained a little bit.D.Its raining too hard to go ou
29、t.A.Paintbrushes.B.Some soap.C.A can of paint.D.Some ink.A.Send some flowers to someone.B.Deliver a package to the hospital.C.Arrange some flowers.D.Talk to a doctor.A.In Europe.B.Here.C.In America.D.In Australia.A.Policeman and driver.B.Teacher and pupil.C.Officer and soldier.D.Director and actress
30、.A.Buy her some plants and take care of them.B.Take care of her house while she is away.C.Water her plants while he is free.D.Water her plants while she is on holiday.A.They are exciting.B.They are boring.C.They are time-consuming.D.They are rewarding.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.He drives too fast.
31、B.He plays his guitar too loudly.C.His radio wakes her children.D.His friends are too noisy.A.At midnight.B.In the morning.C.When the car turned off.D.When the neighbors son leaves for work.A.He doesnt want to make a bad first impression.B.He is afraid of getting off the subject.C.He is afraid they
32、wont listen.D.He knows that they cant do anything about it.A.Tom should call the neighbors to company.B.Tom should introduce her children to the neighbors.C.Tom should ask the neighbors son to babysit.D.Tom should bring the neighbors a gift.A.The movies storyline is completely absurd.B.The storyline
33、 is fantastic.C.The storyline is exciting.D.The storyline is awesome.A.The captain.B.The communications officer.C.The doctor.D.The plot of the movie.A.Comedy.B.Science fiction.C.Western.D.Romance.A.He will experience feelings of failure.B.He will experience states of worry.C.He will lose his natural
34、 enthusiasm for life.D.He will become angry.A.Consistency is very important in parental teaching.B.To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is the foundation for morality.C.Parents usually spoil their children very much.D.All parents realize that “example is better than principles“.A.Parents
35、 are very strict towards their children.B.Parents work hard and have little time for their children.C.Parents are not honest and do not practice what they advise.D.Parents require their children to learn many new skills.A.An Englishman and an Indian.B.An Indian and a Chinese.C.An American and a Chin
36、ese.D.An Englishman and an American.A.In 1816.B.In the 1860s.C.In 1860.D.A hundred years ago.A.It was eager to get.B.It was washable.C.It was soft.D.It was cheap.A.Its good for training ones character but not good for ones health.B.It cannot prepare pupils to be good citizens.C.It has less effect on
37、 a childs character than sports and games.D.Its as important as after-class activities.A.Because pupils there have to spend most of the time studying.B.Because the school authorities insist on traditional ways of teaching.C.Because the school authorities have neglected discipline.D.Because pupils th
38、ere are too fond of playing.A.Practical work.B.Collective activities.C.Teachers encouragement.D.Book knowledge.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Its difficult to imagine the sea ever running out of fish. Its so vast, so deep, and so (36) 1. Unfortunately, its not bottomless. Over-fishing, (37) 2with destru
39、ctive fishing practices, is killing off the fish and (28 ) 3their environment. Destroy the fish, and you destroy the fishermens means of living. At least 60 percent of the (39) 4 commercially important fish (40) 5are already over-fished or fished to the limit. As a result, governments have to close
40、down some areas of sea to commercial fishing. Big, high-tech fleets (41) 6that everything in their path is pulled out of water. Anything too small, or the wrong thing is thrown back, either (42) 7or dying. Thats an (43) 8 of more than 20 million metric tons every year. (44) 9. In some part of the wo
41、rld, for every kilograms of prawns caught, up to fifteen kilograms of unsuspecting fish and other marine wildlife die, simply for being in the wrong place at the wrong time. True, (45) 10 before every ocean becomes a sea. (46) 11 then catch them in the way that doesnt kill other innocent sea life. （
42、分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator“. In my fridgeless Fifties ch
43、ildhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher (肉商), the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus (剩余的) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were ne
44、ver troubled by rotten food, thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existednatural cooling, drying
45、, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling . What refrigeration did promote was marketingmarketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price. Consequently, most of the worlds fridges are to be found, not in the tropics wh
46、ere they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially- cooled space inside an artificially-heated house while ou
47、tside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. The fridges effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you dont believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers (汉堡包) . but at least youll get rid of that terrible hum. （分数：177.50）(1).The statement “In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.“ (Line 1, Para.2) suggests that_.（分数：35.50）A.the author was well-fed and healthy ev
