1、大学英语四级 211 及答案解析(总分：746.56，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic What Has SARS Brought to US. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1悲观者认为 SARS 是人类的灾难。 2乐观者认为人类终将制服一切，SARS 也不例
2、外。 3SARS 究竟给我们带来什么警醒。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Port City The port city provides a fascinating and rich understanding of the movement of people and goods around the world. We understand a port as a centre of land-sea exchange, and as a major source of livelihood and a major fo
3、rce for cultural mixing. But do ports all produce a range of common urban characteristics which justify classifying port cities together under a single group label? Do they have enough in common to guarantee distinguishing them from other kinds of cities? Ports and harbors A port must be distinguish
4、ed from a harbor. There are two very different things. Most ports have poor harbors, many fine harbors see few ships. Harbor is a physical concept, a shelter for ships; port is an economic concept, a center of land-sea exchange which requires good access to a hinterland even more than a sea-linked f
5、oreland. It is landward access, which is productive of goods for export and which demands imports, that is critical. Poor harbors can be improved with breakwaters and dredging if there is a demand for a port. Madras and Colombo are examples of harbors expensively improved by enlarging, dredging (清淤)
6、 and building breakwaters. Once a port city, always a port city Port cites become industrial, financial and service centers and political capitals because of their water connections and the urban concentration which arises there and later draws to it railways, highways and air routes. Water transpor
7、t means cheap access, the chief basis of all port cities. Many of the worlds biggest cities, for example, London, New York, Shanghai, Istanbul, Buenois Airs, Tokyo, Jakarta, Calcutta, Philadelphia and San Fracissco began as ports that is, which land-sea exchange as their major function but they have
8、 since grown proportion in other respects so that their port functions are no longer dominant. They remain different kinds of places from non-port cities and their port functions account for that difference. A truly international environment Port functions, more than anything else, make a city cosmo
9、politan. A port city is open to the world. In it races, cultures, and ideas as well as goods from a variety of places, jostle, mix and enrich each other and the life of the city. The smell of the sea and the harbor, the sound of boat whistles or the moving tides are symbols of their multiple links w
10、ith a wide world, samples of which are present in microcosm (缩影) within their own urban areas. Reasons for the decline of ports Seaports have been transformed by the appearance of powered vessels, whose size and draught have increased. Many formerly important ports have become economically and physi
11、cally less accessible as a result. By-passed by most of their former enriching flowing of exchange, they have become cultural and economic backwaters or have acquired the character of museums of the past. Examples of these are Charleston, Salem, Bristol, Plymouth, Surat, Galle, Melaka, Suzhou, and a
12、 long list of earlier prominent port cities in Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America. Relative significance of trade and service industry Most ports have few poor harbors, many fine harbors see many ships. Harbor is not a physical concept but also an economic concept, a center of connections of d
13、ifferent politics, commerce and other different styles. Calcutta traded mainly with other parts of India and so on. Most of any citys population is engaged in providing goods and services for the city itself. Trade outside the city is its basic function. But each basic worker requires food, housing,
14、 clothing and other such services. Estimates of the ratio of basic to service workers range from 1:4 to 1:8. Their own way to develop and exist No city can be simply a port but must be involved in a variety of other activities. The port function of the city draws to it raw materials and distributes
15、them in many other forms. Ports take advantage of the need for breaking up the bulk material where water and land transport meet and where loading and unloading costs can be minimized by refining raw materials or turning them into finished goods. The major examples here are oil refining and ore refi
16、ning, which are commonly located at ports. It is not easy to draw a line around what is and is not a port function. All ports handle, unload, sort, alter, process, repack, and reship most of what they receive. A city may still be regarded as a port city when it becomes involved in a great range of f
17、unctions not immediately involved with ships or docks. Cities which began as ports retain the chief commercial and administrative centre of the city close to the waterfront. The centre of New York is in lower Manhattan between two river mouths, the City of London is on the Thames, Shanghai along the
18、 Bund. This proximity to water is also true of Boston, Philadelphia, Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Singapore, Bangkok, Hong Kong and Yokohama, where the commercial, financial, and administrative centers are still grouped around their harbors even though each city has expanded into a metropolis. Even a c
19、asual visitor cannot mistake them as anything but port cities. （分数：71.00）(1).Cities cease to be port cities when other functions dominate.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).In the past, many cities did more trade within their own country than with overseas ports.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Most people in a port city
20、 are engaged in international trade and finance.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Port attracts subsidiary and independent industries.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Ports have to establish a common language of trade.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).Port often has river connections.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).A city may still be rega
21、rded as a port city when it becomes involved in a great range of functions not immediately involved with ships or docks.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).Cities which began as ports retain the chief commercial and administrative centre of the city close to the 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).No city can be simply a 1 bu
22、t must be involved in a variety of other activities.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Sea ports have been transformed by the advent of 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.He will only be available in the afternoon.B.Its not his office hour.C.He doesnt have time right now.D.He is too tired a
23、fter class.A.Detective stories.B.Stories about jail escapes.C.Love stories.D.Stories about royal families.A.The cinema is some distance away from where they are.B.He would like to read the film review in the newspaper.C.They should wait to see the movie at a later time.D.Hell find his way to the cin
24、ema.A.The man is planning a trip to Austin.B.The man has not been to Austin before.C.The man doesnt like Austin.D.The man has been to Austin before.A.Jane is looking for a summer job.B.Jane is packing for the summer vacation.C.Jane is on her way home.D.Jane is eager to go home for the vacation.A.He
25、wants to make an appointment with Mr. Smith.B.He wants to make sure that Mr. Smith will see him.C.He wants to change the time of the appointment.D.He wants the woman to meet him at three oclock.A.The woman has trouble getting along with the professor.B.The woman regrets having taken up much of the p
26、rofessors time.C.The woman knew the professor was busy.D.The woman knew the professor had run into trouble.A.The woman can tell Joan when she sees her at noon.B.The woman should tell Joans brother about the reception.C.The woman must call on Joan after the reception.D.The woman may see Joans brother
27、 at lunch.四、Section B(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Get a ride home with Nancy.B.Find a place to live.C.Go to the store before it closes.D.Carry his groceries home.A.He didnt expect to buy a lot.B.He had only one bag of groceries.C.The supermarket is just down the block.D.He thought hed get a ride with the Krame
28、rs.A.They are paying for his education.B.They invited him to their party.C.They took him on a vacation with them.D.They let him live with them for free.A.The Students Union.B.The university administration.C.The faculty.D.The senior students.A.He is a member of the Students Union.B.He is the sponsor
29、of the party.C.He is a new student in the university.D.He is a successful graduate of the university.A.To provide students with a chance to get to know each other.B.To invite successful students through university to pass on some valuable advice.C.To help new students successfully graduate by sharin
30、g other students experience.D.All of the above.A.The man.B.The woman.C.Both the man and the woman.D.Neither the man, nor the woman.A.Shop for food.B.Go to the movie.C.Wash clothes.D.Go to the restaurant.A.Her whole life after the divorce.B.Her childrens education.C.Money to support her and her child
31、ren.D.Lack of chance to be remarried.A.Saras ex-husband would refuse to support them.B.Saras children would have more difficulties in their schoolwork.C.Children from single-parent families lack self-confidence.D.Saras next marriage might be a good one.A.A horse.B.Money.C.The judge.D.The stable.A.He
32、 decided the case from the appearances of the prince and the beggar.B.He beat the beggar violently.C.He took the prince and the beggar to the stable next morning and asked them to recognize the horse.D.He rejected the case.A.Because he hated the beggar.B.Because the horse recognized the prince as it
33、s owner.C.Because he thought the prince was rich and therefore should own a horse.D.No reason at all.A.Unbelieving.B.Doubtful.C.Admiring.D.Negative.A.He didnt like physics any more.B.His eyesight was too poor.C.Physics was too hard for him.D.He had to work to support himself.A.He was not happy with
34、the new director.B.He was not qualified to be an engineer.C.He wanted to travel.D.He found his job boring.A.He wanted to work with his friend.B.He enjoyed traveling around the world.C.He wanted to go to Spain.D.He was rejected by the engineering firm.A.He enjoyed teaching English.B.He wanted to earn
35、 more to support his family.C.The owner of the school promised him a good position.D.He could earn more as a teacher than as a travel agent.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)You probably have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways, depending on the situation they are in. This is very (
36、36) 1. All languages have two general levels of (37) 2: a formal level and an informal level. English is no (38) 3. The difference in these two levels is the situation in which you use a (39) 4level. Formal language is the kind of language you find in textbooks, (40) 5books, and in business letters.
37、 You would also use formal English in compositions and (41) 6that you write in school. Informal language is used in conversation with (42) 7, family members and friends, and when we write (43) 8notes or letters to close friends. Formal language is different from informal language in several ways. Fi
38、rst, formal language tends to be more polite. (44) 9. For example, I might say to a friend or family member, “Close the door, please, “(45) 10. Another difference between formal and informal language is some of the vocabulary. (46) 11. Lets say that I really like soccer. If Im talking to my friend I
39、 might say “Im just crazy about soccer!“ But if I were talking to my boss, I would probably say “I really enjoy soccer.“ （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)There is no denying that students should learn someth
40、ing about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine (内燃机) has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons (活塞) being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further,
41、 students might be helped by a course that considers the computers impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy (读写能力); it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art. Learning how to use a computer and learnin
42、g how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different form saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a
43、 career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin-making. Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more “user-friendly“. Let us assum
44、e that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase “learning to use a computer“ mean? It sounds like “learning to drive a car“, that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to u
45、se a computer. In fact, “learning to use a computer“ is much more like “learning to play a game“, but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to
46、use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished. （分数：177.50）(1).To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should_.（分数：35.50）A.try to lay a solid foundation in computer scienceB.be aware of how the things that they use do what they doC.learn to use a computer by acquiring a
47、certain set of skillsD.understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car(2).In the second paragraph “violin-making“ is mentioned to show that_.（分数：35.50）A.programming a computer is as interesting as making a violinB.our society needs experts in different fieldsC.violin-ma
48、king requires as much skill as computer programmingD.people who can use computer dont necessarily have to know computer programming(3).Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because_.（分数：35.50）A.programs are becoming less complicatedB.programs are designed to be convenient to usersC.programming is becoming easier and easierD.programs are becoming readily available to computer users(4).According to the author, the phrase “learning to use a computer“ (Line 3, Para. 3) means learning
