1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 341 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Gestures aren“t the only area in which the unwary traveler can get tripped up. Foreign cultures adhere to different business customs and behavior. For example: Caffeine junkies should restrain themselves in the Middle Ea
2、st. “Three cups of tea or coffee is usually the polite limit in offices and during social calls,“ counsels Travel Pak, a free publication of Alia, the Royal Jordanian Airline. “But if your host keeps going, you also may continue sipping. If you“ve had your fill, give your empty cup a quick twist a s
3、ort of wiggleas you hand it back. That means “No more, thank you.“ Middle East visitors also should not be surprised “if others barge right into the office in the middle of your conversation with the person you are seeing,“ notes Travel Pak . An old Arab custom calls for keeping an “open office.“ Th
4、e British, however, consider it impolite to interrupt a visitor, even after all business has been transacted. The commercial caller is expected to be sensitive to this point, know when to stop, and initiate his or her own departure. In Japan certain guests at evening business gatherings will leave e
5、arly. They should be allowed to leave without effusive good byes. The Japanese consider formal departures to be disruptive in such cases and disturbing to remaining guests. In Scandinavia and Finland business guests may be asked to shed their clothes and join their hosts in a sauna (桑拿). The invitat
6、ion is a sign that a good working relationship has been established. In the Arab world, the word “no“ must be mentioned three times before it is accepted. In contrast, it is considered good business manners to make many and long efforts to pick up the check. In the People“s Republic of China, gift g
7、iving is considered an insult, says Patrick J. Lewis, President of Club Universe, a Los Angeles tour operator. “If you want to give someone a gift, make sure it“s modest in value. This will not be considered offensive, but it may be declined,“ The Chinese manner of expressing friendship and welcome
8、is to clap. Lewis adds. “You may be greeted with clapping when entering a factory, hospital, commune, or school. Politeness dictates that you respond with applause, even though it may seem like you“re clapping for yourself.“（分数：20.00）(1).In the Middle East, it is considered _.（分数：4.00）A.impolite to
9、drink at least 3 cups of coffeeB.impolite to drink more than 3 cups of coffee unless your host drinks moreC.polite to ask the host to give you as more as he canD.polite to leave a party as early as you want(2).In Japan, the guest at an evening party will _.（分数：4.00）A.leave early without saying goodb
10、yesB.stay as long as he canC.stay to have a swimming with the hostD.present his business cards immediately(3).In Finland, business guests may _.（分数：4.00）A.take flowers to the hostB.send an expensive gift to the hostC.have sauna with the hostD.present a business card(4).In China, a gift to the host m
11、eans _.（分数：4.00）A.an attempt to praise the hostB.a modest mannerC.a response of applauseD.offended action to the host“s dignity(5).Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：4.00）A.Uninvited visitors are welcome in Middle Eastern office.B.In Britain, business visitors
12、can stay as long as they like.C.In China, people may greet a foreigner“s entering a school with clapping.D.In the Arab world, saying “no“ for 3 times until it is accepted.A proverb allegedly from ancient China was widely spread in the west: “If you want to be happy for a few hours, go to get drunk;
13、if you want a lifetime happiness, take up gardening.“ The reason for the last option is this: Gardening is not only useful, but it helps you to identify yourself with nature, and thus brings you new joy each day besides improving your health. A research of a US university that I“ve read gives a defi
14、nition of happiness as what makes a person feel comfortably pleased. To put it specifically, happiness is an active state of mind where one thinks one“s life is meaningful, satisfactory and comfortable. This should be something lasting rather than transitory. Lots of people regard it the happiest to
15、 be at leisure. But according to a study, it is not a person with plenty of leisure but one at work that feels happy, especially those busy with work having little time for leisure. Happiness does not spell gains one is after but a desire to harvest what one is seeking for. People often do not cheri
16、sh what they already have but yearn for what they cannot get. That is somewhat like a man indulging in fond dreams of numerous lovers while reluctant to settle down with the woman beside him. Happiness is a game balancing between two endswhat one has and what one wishes for, e.g. one“s dream and the
17、 possibility to realize it. The study comes to this conclusion: A happy man is one who aims high but never forgets his actual situation; one who meets challenges that tap his ability and potentiality; one who is proud of his achievements and the recognition given to him. He has self-respect and self
18、-confidence; treasures his own identity and loves freedom. He is sociable and enjoys wide-range communication with others; he is helpful and ready to accept assistance. He knows he is able to endure sufferings and frustrations; he is sensible enough to get fun from daily chores. He is a man capable
19、of love and passion.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the passage, gardening can bring lifelong happiness because _.（分数：4.00）A.gardening is a profitable businessB.it can strengthen gardener“s ability to remark natureC.gardener can enjoy very happy marriageD.gardener can build good relationship with nature(
20、2).It can be concluded from the research of the university that most people feel happy when _.（分数：4.00）A.they are at leisureB.they are gardeningC.they are engaged in workingD.they have numerous lovers(3).The author mentions a man indulging in fond dreams of numerous lovers in Paragraph 3 in order to
21、 _.（分数：4.00）A.demonstrate the serious problem in marriage in modern societyB.illustrate that only this kind of man can possess happinessC.show that this kind of man has plenty of leisure time to do what they wantD.give an example of a person who doesn“t care for what he already possesses(4).Which of
22、 the following is more likely to be unhappy according to the study?（分数：4.00）A.The one who has self-esteem and has confidence in himself.B.The one who is ambitious regardless of his actual situation.C.The one who can take pleasure in communicating with others.D.The one who always helps others and als
23、o accepts help from others.(5).From the passage we know that happiness is _.（分数：4.00）A.taking up gardeningB.getting everything what one longs forC.a game to have dreamlike musings or fantasies while awakeD.a balance between what one owns and what one dreams ofFaces, like fingerprints, are unique. Di
24、d you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young childor even an animal, such as a pigeoncan learn to recognize faces, we all take this ability for granted.
25、We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone“s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others. Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone“s personality in
26、words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a “nice face“ looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a “nice person“, you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm, and
27、 so forth. There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon Allport, an American psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words characterizing differences in people“s behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing or typing his personality. Bookw
28、orms, conservatives, military types-people are described with such terms. People have always tried to “type“ each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain“s (坏人) or the hero“s role. In fact, the words “person“ and “personality“ come from the
29、Latin persona, meaning “mask“. Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the “good guys“ from the “bad guys“ because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.（分数：20.00）(1).By using the example of finger prints the author tells us that _.（分数：4.0
30、0）A.people can learn to recognize facesB.people have different personalitiesC.people have difficulty in describing the features of finger printsD.people differ from each other in facial features(2).According to this passage, some animals have the gift of _.（分数：4.00）A.telling people apart by how they
31、 behaveB.typing each otherC.telling good people from bad peopleD.recognizing human faces(3).Who most probably knows best how to describe people“s personality?（分数：4.00）A.The ancient Greek audience.B.The movie actors.C.Psychologists.D.The modern TV audience.(4).According to the passage, it is possible
32、 for us tell one type of person from another because _.（分数：4.00）A.people differ in their behavioral and physical characteristicsB.human fingerprints provide unique informationC.people“s behavior can be easily described in wordsD.human faces have complex features(5).Which of the following is the majo
33、r point of the passage?（分数：4.00）A.Why it is necessary to identify people“s personality.B.Why it is possible to describe people.C.How to get to know people.D.How to recognize people best.According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader
34、of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually cho
35、sen formally through election or recruitment. Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “ natural leaders “. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all
36、leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is le
37、adership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done“. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social group“s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned w
38、ith the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others tasks and may discipline group member
39、s who inhibit (阻碍) attainment of the group“s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two role
40、s suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.（分数：20.00）(1).What does the passage mainly discuss?（分数：4.00）A.The problems faced by leaders.B.How leader
41、ship differs in small and large groups.C.How social groups determine who will lead them.D.The role of leaders in social groups.(2).The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT _.（分数：4.00）A.recruitmentB.formal election processC.specific leadership trainingD
42、.traditional cultural patterns(3).Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from Paragraph 2?（分数：4.00）A.A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.B.Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another pe
43、rson.C.A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.D.Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.(4).In mentioning “natural leaders“ (Line 3, Parag.2), the author is making the point that _.（分数：4.00）A.few peopl
44、e qualify as “natural leaders“B.there is no proof that “natural leaders“ existC.“natural leaders“ are easily accepted by the members of a groupD.“natural leaders“ share a similar set of characteristics(5).The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on _.（分数：4.00）A.ensuring harmon
45、ious relationshipsB.sharing responsibility with group membersC.identifying new leadersD.achieving a goalThere are people who are especially attracted to the notion of “climbing the ladder“ so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part, as a result of the work e
46、thic, these people are internally “driven“ to work. Not infrequently, foreign visitors have observed that Americans spend an inordinate (过度的) amount of time working and, as a consequence, Americans have little time for leisure or personal relationships. In American English a new word “workaholic“ ha
47、s been created to describe an individual who is as addicted to work as an alcoholic (酒鬼) is to liquor. There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. Others hold that workaholics are
48、 valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The Americans culture values achievement, efficiency, and productiona workaholic supports these values. Despite the presence of workaholics, there is a growing realization in the United States that excessive work demands can be phys
49、ically and mentally harmful. Many people have been rebelling against the work ethic, claiming that when a job is so important, personal relationships suffer and relaxation becomes secondary. Consequently there has been a shift in values, with more emphasis being given to personal relationships and non-work activities. Increased leisure time in the United States has not changed the idea that work and play are distinct activities. There is a belief that it is desirable “to work hard and play hard“ and undesirable to combi
