1、大学英语四级分类模拟题 397 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Are you a compulsive (强迫性的) spender, or do you hold on to your money as long as possible? Are you a bargain hunter? Would you rather use charge accounts than pay cash? Your answers to these que
2、stions will 1 your personality. According to psychologists, our individual money habits not only show our present 2 and values, but can also 3 from past problems. Experts in psychology believe that for many people, money is an important symbol of strength and 4 Many people consider money a symbol of
3、 love. They spend it on their family and friends to express love, or they buy themselves expensive presents because they need love. People can 5 themselves to different thingsfor example, alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive. According t
4、o psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders; they feel that they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is irrationalimpossible to explain 6 . For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. Their pleasure in 7 amounts is actually
5、greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy. There is even a 8 psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and 9 . Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they don“t need just because they are 10 . They beli
6、eve they help their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game: When they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they win. A. abandon I. influence B. absolutely J. pretty C. absorb K. reasonably D. affect L. reflect E. beliefs M. special F. cheap N. stem G. discounts
7、 O. unique H. enormous（分数：30.00）三、Section B(总题数：1，分数：40.00)How to Make Peace with Your WorkloadA. Swamped (忙碌的), under the gun, just struggling to stay above water.; whatever office clich (陈词滥调) you use to describe it, we“ve all been in that situation where we feel like we might be swallowed up by o
8、ur workload. Nonetheless many a way may be used to manage your to-do list to avoid feeling overwhelmed. How to make peace with your workload once and for all goes as follows. B. “Clear the deadwood out of your desk and keep your office in shape. It enhances your capability to handle other tasks and
9、raises the probability that you“ll find the items you do need faster and easier,“ says Jeff Davidson, a work/life expert and writer of more than 50 books on workplace issues. “When something can be tossed, let it go. Most of what you retain is replaceable.“ Joel Rudy, vice president of operations fo
10、r Photographic Solutions, with more than 30 years of business management experience, believes that keeping organized is a must. “Messy work areas are nonproductive in some measure. Provided that you can“t locate a document or report easily because it“s lost in a pile of mess, then you have a problem
11、atic situation,“ he says. “Thereby you are supposed to take the time to tidy up your work areas and keep your important files, manuals and reports in an accessible location, which will maximize your efficiencies.“ C. Jessica Carlson, an account executive at Bluefish Design Studio which is an adverti
12、sing consulting firm, urges her team to utilize to-do lists to stay on track and highlight items that are a priority. “Cover up the list, with the exception of one high-priority task at one time,“ she suggests. “This will allow you to focus better on the task at hand; otherwise, it will be easy to g
13、et overwhelmed if you“re reading through a to-do list that spans an entire page. Concentrating on a single item will make your tasks appear like they are more doable,“ Carlson says. It may sound strange, but it works. D. Despite what you may consider multitasking, it“s counterproductive. Unless you“
14、re drinking coffee while scanning your morning e-mail, you“re not saving any time by attempting to do 10 things at once. “If you find yourself getting involved in too many things, it may be of much necessity of you to re-evaluate your involvement,“ Rudy says, “because mind will wander from one topic
15、 to another and you may end up never accomplishing a thing.“ Rudy recommends the best way to stop multitasking is to create priority lists with deadlines. “When applicable, complete one project before you move further on to the next one,“ he says. E. Deborah Chaddock-Brown, a work-at-home single mor
16、n, says she“s frequently overwhelmed by the demands of maintaining order in her residence and running her own business. Still, she manages to “do it all“ by setting a time limit for each task. “I have the type of personality that flits (掠过) from thing to thing because I do have so much on my plate,“
17、 Brown says. “As a consequence I assign time slots (一段时间): For the next 15 minutes I will participate in social media for the purpose of marketing my business (not sending photos or playing Farmville) and that is the only thing I am about to do for the next 15 minutes. When the time is up, I move on
18、 to the next task. That way, at night I don“t end up with a pile of tasks to accomplish even though I felt busy all day.“ F. “Quite often, people are working on things that are no longer a top priority, but someone forgot to tell them (that they“re no longer important). There are usually clear prior
19、ities in the manager“s head; he or she has just not done a great job communicating those with the employees,“ says Holly Green, CEO of The Human Factor. Green“s suggestion unfolds in this manner: “If you find yourself confronted with too many responsibilities, sit down, note the significant things y
20、ou are in charge of, and go to your manager to have a conversation to discuss priorities, trade-offs, time commitments and interdependencies required to do each thing well, and then ask what you should stop working on or work on less so you can get the right things done.“ Green says managers should
21、be willing to help sort out priorities, so long as employees have a can-do approach and aren“t just complaining about their workload. G. “If interruptions are keeping you from your responsibilities, learn how to deal with them accordingly,“ says Eileen Roth, author of Organizing Jot Dummies. Roth pr
22、oposes the following suggestions to combat disruptions: “Use voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions, turn off the alert that says “You“ve got an e-mail“ and give staff members a set time to visit with you.“ Justin Gramm, president of a real estate agency, exemplifies Roth“s point. “E-mail
23、 had been a big time waster for me in the past because it was a constant interruption, causing me to lose focus on the task at hand,“ he says. Since determined to check his e-mail only twice a day, Gramm says he has become much more efficient. “If people want to get more work done, they need to stop
24、 checking e-mails and get to work,“ he says. H. “The paradox of today“s work environment is that the more you do, the more that“s expected of you,“ Davidson says. In order to better assess your workload, Davidson suggests asking yourself the following questions before agreeing to undertake new respo
25、nsibilities. Is the task aligned (使一致) with your priorities and goals? Are you likely to be as prone (有倾向的) to saying yes to such a request tomorrow or next week? What else could you do that would be more rewarding? What other pressing tasks and responsibilities are you likely to face? Does the othe
26、r party have options other than you? Will he or she be crushed if you say no? I. Most of our experts recommended books for additional tips on how to maximize efficiency, but one book was mentioned again and again. Check out The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People for more information on how to m
27、ake the most of your time and come to terms with your workload.（分数：40.00）(1).According to Joel Rudy, one may have low efficiencies if his or her work area is in a mess.（分数：4.00）(2).Davison thinks one should assess his or her workload first before agreeing to take on new tasks.（分数：4.00）(3).It“s impor
28、tant to focus on a single item at a time instead of all the things on the to-do list.（分数：4.00）(4).After changing the way she works, Deborah Chaddock-Brown realizes that setting time limits is a good idea.（分数：4.00）(5).Doing too many things at the same time may achieve the opposite result.（分数：4.00）(6)
29、.In order to work more efficiently, we are supposed to read some books for more suggestions.（分数：4.00）(7).Eileen Roth considered that measures should be taken to eliminate interruptions at work.（分数：4.00）(8).A work/life expert Jeff Davidson suggests getting rid of unnecessary materials at work.（分数：4.0
30、0）(9).Holly Green thinks that some managers do not communicate well with their staff.（分数：4.00）(10).Justin Gramm decided to check his e-mail only twice a day when realizing e-mail had caused a big problem.（分数：4.00）四、Section C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：15.00)“Sushi tastes amazing. A great s
31、teak is just amazing.“ Those are not the words you expect to hear from a leader of the vegetarian movement. But that“s how Graham Hill, founder of the sustainability website TreeHugger, feels about the fleshier components of his diet. He is a self-described “weekday vegetarian“, a compromise that ca
32、me about after years of tryingand failingto adhere to a strictly vegetarian diet. For the past year, Hill has preached the cause of partial vegetarianism to help fight global warming. According to the U.N., the livestock industry produces 18% of the world“s greenhouse gases. Part-time vegetarians, a
33、lso known as flexitarians, choose what to eat and when. The popular Meatless Monday movement, which began in 2003, has been backed by many celebrities, including Paul McCartney, who has spearheaded his own Meat Free Monday campaign. Several years ago, the Belgian city of Ghent picked Thursday as its
34、 Veggieday, calling for meat-free options to be served that day in schools and public institutions. The drive to avoid eating meat on certain days is not new. Catholics have long been urged to abstain on Fridays. But environmentalists have only recently caught on. “The surge is due to a sense of a p
35、lateau. You“ve already reached out to the base of strict vegetarians, and it“s hard to get beyond those numbers,“ says Peter Singer, the author of Animal Liberation. “People should go further, but it“s progressed in the right direction.“ Although the American Dietetic Association (ADA. doesn“t track
36、 the number of part-timers, the group says roughly 2.5% of Americans are strict vegetarians. A vegetarian diet poses no health risks as long as practitioners get enough protein from beans and other nonmeat sources. “A partial-vegetarian plan is a little more user-friendly,“ says Dawn Jackson Blather
37、, a spokesperson for ADA. The goal for many activists is simply to get more people to eat less meat. “Absolute purists should be living in a cave,“ says Ingrid Newkirk, president of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), “Anybody who witnesses the suffering of animals and has a glimmer
38、of hope of reducing that suffering can“t take the position that it“s all or nothing. We have to be pragmatic. Screw the principle.“（分数：15.00）(1).What is the quote in the first paragraph intended to show?（分数：3.00）A.Sushi and steak are both Hill“s favorite food.B.The vegetarian movements are popular.C
39、.Hill isn“t a qualified leader of the vegetarian movement.D.It“s difficult to be a strict vegetarian.(2).What do we learn about Graham Hill?（分数：3.00）A.He doesn“t eat meat on weekends.B.He is an environmentalist.C.He doesn“t want to be a strict vegetarian.D.He failed to lose weight.(3).Why does Paul
40、McCartney support the Meatless Monday movement?（分数：3.00）A.He wants to help fight global warming.B.He wants to promote his reputation.C.He is a Catholic avoiding eating meat on Mondays.D.He is an advocate of protecting animals.(4).What do we learn from the fourth paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.Part-time vegeta
41、rians account for nearly 2.5% of Americans.B.A vegetarian diet may have no bad effect on health.C.Partial vegetarians are healthier than strict vegetarians.D.Many celebrities are part-time vegetarians.(5).What is Ingrid Newkirk“s view on vegetarians?（分数：3.00）A.People should adhere to a strictly vege
42、tarian diet.B.Everybody should act to fight global warming.C.A partial-vegetarian plan works more sensibly.D.People should stop eating meat since it“s bad for health.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：15.00)It is a familiar scene these days: employees taking newly laid-off co-workers out for a consolation (安慰)
43、drink. But which side deserves sympathy more, the jobless or the still employed? Researchers at a conference at the University of Cambridge heard data suggesting it“s the latter: Compared with people who are straightup laid off, those who keep their job but are under a constant threat of losing it s
44、uffer a greater decline in mental well-being. Brendan Burchell, a Cambridge sociologist, presented his analysis based on various surveys conducted across Europe. The data suggest that employed people who feel insecure in their job display similar levels of anxiety and depression as those who are une
45、mployed. Although Burchell“s findings may be representative of all societies, the researcher stresses that his study population was based entirely in Europe, which has a more generous welfare program than the U.S., a condition that could have affected data from unemployed respondents. Burchell“s stu
46、dy wasn“t designed to offer direct explanations of the data, but there are established psychological patterns that may suggest them. For example, the theorybacked by so-called positive psychologistsshows that human beings have an inherited base level of happiness that fluctuates only during periods
47、of change. Evolutionary psychologists support this theory by arguing that human beings feel more stress during times of insecurity because they sense an immediate but hard-to-discern threatthe modern-day equivalent of an unseen predator (捕食者) growling in the trees. But not every employee in insecure
48、 industries has such a gloomy view, Burchell says. Entrepreneurs seem to thrive. In general, women fare better too. Burchell hypothesizes that the difference in men is that they tend to feel pressure not only to be employed, but also to be the primary breadwinner, and that more of a man“s self-worth
49、 depends on his job. So what advice can Burchell offer to those lucky millions across the globe who are still employed but are worried about losing their job? After scouring (搜查) through the surveys in search of the key to an even mental keel, Burchell came up with, “Nothing. Certainly some individuals cope better, but we don“t know why. It seems there are just certain things about job insecurity that can“t be overcome.“（分数：15.00）(1).What conclusion did researchers come to in the meeting at the University of Cambridge?（分数：3.00）A.It is less stressful to get laid off than stay on.B.Peo
