1、大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 276 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Section C（分数：10.00）_In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that a
2、ny major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member“ were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stressit only shows
3、 how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy. By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports.
4、 Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Womens magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness! “ If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events. But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events ar
5、e dangerous, many like the death of a loved oneare impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription(处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never
6、 marry, have a child, take a new job or move. The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes were all vulnerable (脆弱的) and passive in the face of adversity (逆境). But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress
7、 with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and mental strain.（分数：10.00）(1).The result of Holmes-Rahes medical research tells us _.（分数：2.00）A.the way you handle major events may cause stressB.w
8、hat should be done to avoid stressC.what kind of event would cause stressD.how to cope with sudden changes in life(2).The studies on stress in the early 1970s led to _.（分数：2.00）A.widespread concern over its harmful effectsB.great panic over the mental disorder it could causeC.an intensive research i
9、nto stress-related illnessesD.popular avoidance of stressful jobs(3).The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows_.（分数：2.00）A.how much pressure you are underB.how positive events can change your lifeC.how stressful a major event can beD.how you can deal with life-changing events(4).Why is “such simplisti
10、c advice“ (Line 1, Para. 3) impossible to follow?（分数：2.00）A.No one can stay on the same job for long.B.No prescription is effective in relieving stress.C.People have to get married someday.D.You could be missing opportunities as well.(5).According to the passage people who have experienced ups and d
11、owns may become _.（分数：2.00）A.nervous when faced with difficultiesB.physically and mentally strainedC.more capable of coping with adversityD.indifferent toward what happens to themTaste is such a subjective matter that we dont usually conduct preference tests for food. The most you can say about anyo
12、nes preference, is that its one persons opinion. But because the two big cola (可乐) companiesCoca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively, weve wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as
13、 either Coca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting. We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic (传统型) or Pepsi, Diet (低糖的) Coke, or Diet Pepsi. These were people who thought theyd have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand. We event
14、ually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentified samples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically
15、 to compare the participants choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished. Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7 out of 19 regular cola drinkers correctly identified th
16、eir brand of choice in all four trials. The diet-cola drinkers did a little worseonly 7 of 27 identified all four samples correctly. While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people go all four samp
17、les wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burnout, was not a factor. Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and
18、price.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to _.（分数：2.00）A.find out the role taste preference plays in a persons drinkingB.reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkersC.show that a persons opinion about taste is mere guess-workD.compare the abi
19、lity of the participants in choosing their drinks(2).The statistics recorded in the preference tests show _.（分数：2.00）A.Coca-Cola and Pepsi are peoples two most favorite drinksB.there is not much difference in taste between Coca-Cola and PepsiC.few people had trouble telling Coca-Cola from PepsiD.peo
20、ples tastes differ from one another(3).It is implied in the first paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.the purpose of taste tests is to promote the sale of colasB.the improvement of quality is the chief concern of the two cola companiesC.the competition between the two colas is very strongD.blind tasting is
21、necessary for identifying fans(4).The word “burnout“ (line 3, Para. 5) here refers to the state of_.（分数：2.00）A.being seriously burnt in the skinB.being unable to burn for lack of fuelC.being badly damaged by fireD.being unable to function because of excessive use(5).The authors purpose in writing th
22、is passage is to _.（分数：2.00）A.show that taste preference is highly subjectiveB.argue that taste testing is an important marketing strategyC.emphasize that taste and price are closely related to each otherD.recommend that blind tasting be introduced in the quality control of colasFor the employee, be
23、ing placed in a position that is comfortable and meets expectations will make the job less stressful and allow a more positive outlook toward responsibilities. It beats the alternative, as going to a job that you are unhappy with could lead to fatigue, burn out, depression and stress. This affects m
24、ore than just your 9-to-5 routineit can hurt your family relationships, diminish friendships, and even make you turn to addictive and destructive behaviors like alcohol or drugs. The US Department of Labor suggests that jobseekers prepare for an employment search by understanding themselves and bein
25、g honest about what they want and expect. Make a list of things you like to do, examine your history and evaluate the jobs and classes you enjoyed the most and why, look over your resume and see what duties your past jobs included, and be honest about what is appealing to you about the particular po
26、sition you are considering. “I do believe that understanding yourself and your personality type preferences can make all the difference when it comes to finding a career that you love,“ says Roberts, a certified career management coach with CareerMasters in Maine. The Labor Department offers several
27、 simplified recommendations created for high school students: If you are good at math, then look toward occupations like statistician, engineer, surveyor or actuary (保险精算师). If you love to read or write, consider becoming a librarian, desktop publisher, writer or administrative assistant. Music and
28、arts lovers should look into acting, visual arts, music or design work. Students who enjoyed social studies can become politicians, urban planners, historians or human resource assistants. Other considerations that might be significant: Do you enjoy helping people, working with your hands, or intera
29、cting with nature? Is it your preference to work alone or in a group? Employees who are unhappy with their current positions, dont like their work environment, feel underappreciated, or believe there is no room for advancement, owe it to themselves to consider whether changing careers is a practical
30、 alternative. “Looking back and analyzing their current situation and the career path they have followed is essential to making good career decisions in the future,“ Roberts explains.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the second paragraph, “the alternative“ most probably refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.encouraging t
31、he employee by means of promotionB.giving the employee chances for further studiesC.placing the employee in an unhappy positionD.criticizing the employee without reason(2).What do we know about Roberts?（分数：2.00）A.He has got a masters degree in career management.B.He works for the US Department of La
32、bor.C.He helps jobseekers with practical guidance.D.He has earned a good name for his outstanding work.(3).The Labor Department suggests that, when high school students are looking for a job, they should first _,（分数：2.00）A.prepare an impressive resumeB.examine their past occupationsC.have some worki
33、ng experienceD.consider their own preference(4).As it is mentioned in the passage, when one is unhappy with his current position, he had better _.（分数：2.00）A.consult a career management coachB.think over the feasibility of changing careerC.switch to a more promising job immediatelyD.look back on the
34、past career path(5).The passage is most probably intended for_.（分数：2.00）A.jobseekersB.employersC.recent graduatesD.tired employeesAs medical evidence mounts that we are indeed what we eat, consuming a healthier diet has become almost a national passion in the United States. The food-for-fitness phen
35、omenon began in the late 70s when a U.S. Senate committee on nutrition reached grim conclusion that six out of the ten leading causes of deathsuch as heart disease, cancer, and strokemight be linked to diet. The government issued dietary guidelines advising Americans to eat a variety of foods, maint
36、ain proper weight, and limit intake of fat, salt, sugar, and alcohol. For most Americans, what to eat is a matter of personal choice, rather than one of supply. An excellent nationwide food distribution system assures that fresh produce is readily available in all parts of the country, regardless of
37、 the season. Taking advantage of this abundance, many people are forsaking traditional meat-and-potatoes and in favor of lighter meals of salads, fruits, and vegetables. The single most dramatic change in the American diet has been a reduction in consumption of animal fat, which is thought to increa
38、se the risk of heart disease and may contribute to the high U.S. incidence of breast and colon cancer. Margarine and vegetable oils have replace butter and lard in many homes, and half of all milk now drunk in the United States is low-fat. Fish and poultry are increasingly popular sources of protein
39、 as consumption of red meat declines. The food industry has responded to concern about fat by producing leaner cuts of meat and cholesterol-free substitutes for eggs. One of the most significant trends in the American way of eating is the healthful change in restaurant food. “One of every two meals
40、in the United States is eaten outside the home,“ says Donna Watson, President of the American Dietetic Association. “Restaurants are making special efforts to provide low-fat, low-salt, and low-calorie items.“ Salad bars, loaded with fresh greens and raw fruits and vegetables, are found everywhere,
41、even along-side the burgers and French fries in fast-food restaurants. Most important, the focus on prudent diet has led to an unprecedented national quest for a healthier life style. Americans are smoking less, exercising more, and experimenting with new ways to conquer stress. Eating sensibly, the
42、y have discovered, is only one important route to good health.（分数：10.00）(1).It is suggested in the dietary guidelines that_.（分数：2.00）A.six leading causes of death might be linked to dietB.fat and alcohol should be taken as little as possibleC.eating diverse foods helps maintain proper weightD.sugar
43、and salt should be taken in restricted amount(2).Many Americans no longer maintain the meat-and-potatoes diet because _.（分数：2.00）A.salads, fruits, and vegetables are more easily preparedB.there is a rich supply of diverse foodsC.such diet is not as healthy as salads, fruits and vegetablesD.diverse f
44、oods vary with seasons(3).What can be a way to decrease the consumption of animal fat?（分数：2.00）A.Using less butter when cooking soup.B.Drinking more milk at breakfast.C.Eating more fish or poultry at dinner.D.Having two eggs at most daily.(4).What is the authors attitude towards restaurant food?（分数：
45、2.00）A.Optimistic.B.Impersonal.C.Enthusiastic.D.Anxious.(5).A nationwide pursuit of a healthier life style began when the American realized_.（分数：2.00）A.the disadvantages of smokingB.the advantages of exercisingC.the advantages of prudent dietD.the disadvantages of stress大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 276 答案解析(总
46、分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Section C（分数：10.00）_解析：In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be s
47、tressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member“ were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stressit only shows how much you have to de
48、al with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy. By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Womens magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness! “ If you want to stay physically and mentally he
