1、翻译二级口译实务-信息科技(Information+and+Technology)及答案解析(总分：200.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B英译汉/B(总题数：4，分数：100.00)1.BPassage 1 /B Representatives of the governments of 47 countries，22 international organizations，54 private sector entities and 116 non-governmental organizations (NGO) of the Asia-Pacific region gathered a
2、t the Asia-Pacific Regional Conference, held in Tokyo from 13 to 15 January 2003, to develop a shared vision and common strategies for the “Information Society“. / The objective of the conference was to discuss how best to work together to contribute to the regions effective transition to an Informa
3、tion Society that will accelerate and enhance regional economic, social, cultural and technological development. / The conference emphasized that a primary aim of the Information Society must be to facilitate full utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) at all levels in socie
4、ty and hence enable the sharing of social and economic benefits by all, by means of ubiquitous access to information networks, while preserving diversity and cultural heritage. / The Conference endorsed the important role that ICTs can play in achieving the United Nations Millennium Development Goal
5、s, which describe a fundamental set of principles and guidelines for combating poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation and gender inequality. / In order to promote the development and advancement of the Information Society, it is necessary to address many issues, within and a
6、cross sectors, while ensuring that the essential platform of ICT infrastructure and services, standards and innovation is established. / The private sector plays an important role in the development and diffusion of ICTs, while civil society, including NGOs, works closely with communities in strengt
7、hening ICT-related initiatives. Increased cooperation and partnerships are needed between governmental and intergovernmental organizations, the private sector and civil society, for effective design and implementation of various initiatives, by giving priority to locally-available human resources. /
8、 All stakeholders are urged to mobilize resources for the development of the Information Society, including through increasing investment in telecommunication infrastructure, human capacity building, policy frameworks and the development of culturally sensitive local content and applications. Intern
9、ational and regional organizations, including financial and development institutions, have an important role to play in integrating the use of ICTs in the development process and making available the necessary resources for this purpose. / To make significant progress, all countries of the region wi
10、ll need to mainstream ICTs, with special reference to gender, within their national and regional development strategies, and across all sectors. / In this context, the following initiatives can support social and economic development, including the emergence of e-communities, while at the same time
11、ensuring that traditional models are recognized and respected, so that the non-users of ICTs are not marginalized. / ICT networks can offer better public services to citizens by more efficient and effective dissemination of information and delivery of essential government services. E-government can
12、also generate a greater sense of community participation, and improve informed decision-making and development program implementation. / Through the application of ICT, businesses in all sectors can achieve increased productivity and profitability, reach wider markets, lower their transaction costs
13、and control inventories more effectively. On the consumer side, ICTs can bring to consumers greater satisfaction through their interaction with many potential suppliers, beyond the constraints of location. / Access to education and knowledge is essential for economic, social and cultural development
14、, and as a means of personal empowerment, community development and business efficiency. ICT networks have the potential to offer unprecedented educational opportunities to all groups in all areas of the Asia-Pacific region. Implementation of affordable and universal educational programs, content, b
15、roadband networks and hardware should be promoted. / Access to healthcare information and services is a basic right. Many countries lack adequate healthcare facilities and personnel, particularly in rural and remote areas. The use of ICTs promotes social inclusion of all members of society by enabli
16、ng equitable access to healthcare services, as well as empowering citizens to better manage their own health and to participate more effectively in the healthcare process. / Community information and communication centers are critical to ensure inclusive access to information and social services, pa
17、rticularly in rural areas. / Comprehensive ICT strategies that have been endorsed at the highest political levels and that include clear goals need to be formulated at community, national, regional and global levels in order to create the Information Society. These strategies will be encouraged to b
18、e designed and implemented through collaboration and participation of all stakeholders. In this regard, awareness of the vast potential of the positive use of ICTs should be promoted among all concerned. / (Excerpt from “The Tokyo Declarationthe Asia-Pacific perspective to the WSIS“)（分数：25.00）_2.BPa
19、ssage 1 /B The development of the Information Society must be based on platforms of internationally interoperable technical standards, accessible for all, and technological innovation of ICTs, as well as systems to promote the exchange of knowledge at global, regional and sub-regional levels through
20、 any media. In this regard, in addition to enhancing peoples awareness of the advantages of using ICTs, reliable, advanced and appropriate ICT technologies and services infrastructure are required. / As a sharp increase in the volume of international and regional Internet traffic is anticipated, it
21、is important to strengthen regional and international broadband network infrastructure by using new technologies to enhance network efficiency and provide the capacity to match the needs of the countries in the region. / Working towards open and flexible international and interoperable standards is
22、an important issue for all countries so as to ensure that all can utilize the technology and associated content and services to their maximum potential. Development and deployment of open-source software should be encouraged, as appropriate, as should open standards for ICT networking. / In order to
23、 achieve affordable and universal access it is important to enable existing and new technologies to provide connectivity to all, in particular through institutions accessible to the public such as schools, libraries, post offices and multi-purpose community centers. Special attention should be paid
24、to how ICTs can benefit the disadvantaged, through innovative initiatives. / High-quality access, attainable through broadband, has great potential to help better deliver essential services required to meet basic human needs through applications such as e-education and e-health, as well as e-busines
25、s and other ICT applications. Also, new technologies, such as wireless and satellite networks can assist remote areas, including small island nations, to gain access to information and knowledge. / Linguistic and cultural diversity enriches the development of society by giving expression to a range
26、of different values and ideas. It can facilitate the spread and use of information by presenting it in the language and cultural context most familiar to the user, thereby further encouraging the use of ICTs. / Promoting broadband networks in the Asia-Pacific region could not only support research,
27、business and personal activities, but also help to preserve cultural diversity and indigenous knowledge and traditions. In this context, an effort should be made to support multilingual domain names, local content development, digital archives, diverse forms of digital media, content translation and
28、 adaptation. The development of standard and recognized character sets and language codes should also be supported. / (Excerpt from “The Tokyo Declarationthe Asia-Pacific perspective to the WSIS“)（分数：25.00）_3.BPassage 1 /B In order for people to make the most of the Information Society, they must ha
29、ve enhanced levels of ICT literacy and ICT skills. To achieve this, relevant education and training should be promoted at every level, from primary to adult, to open up opportunities for as many people as possible, and especially for the disadvantaged. The capacity of developing and least developed
30、countries to apply ICTs effectively must be enhanced through regional and international cooperation. / ICTs can contribute to enhancing the quality of teaching and learning, and the sharing of knowledge and information. Teachers act as a gateway to the Information Society, and their skills developme
31、nt and curriculum resources need increased support. / It is also important to improve both basic and advanced education in science and technology. This will help to create a critical mass of highly qualified and skilled ICT professionals and experts that will continue to serve as a foundation for th
32、e regions ICT development. It is recognized that education in network infrastructure development and operation is of particular importance, and is critical to the availability of efficient, reliable, competitive and secure ICT network services. / The transition to the Information Society requires th
33、e creation of appropriate and transparent legal, regulatory and policy frameworks at the global, regional and national levels. These frameworks should give due regard to the rights and obligations of all stakeholders in such areas as freedom of expression, privacy, security, management of Internet a
34、ddresses and domain names, and consumer protection, while also maintaining economic incentives and ensuring trust and confidence for business activities. In order to secure prompt settlement of disputes, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) should be considered along with normal judicial proceedings
35、. / While intellectual property rights play a vital role in fostering innovation in software, ecommerce and associated trade and investment, there is a need to promote initiatives to ensure fair balance between IPRs and the interests of the users of information, while also taking into consideration
36、the global consensus achieved on IPR issues in multilateral organizations. / Copyright holders and distributors of content should be cognizant of the need to ensure that content is accessible for all, including persons with disabilities. In this connection, access requirements should be included in
37、legal, regulatory and policy frameworks, where appropriate. / Among the challenges to the region are the general lack of awareness of information security issues, the rapidly evolving complexity, capacity and reach of information technology, the anonymity offered by these technologies, and the trans
38、national nature of communication frameworks. / Recognizing the principle of fair, equitable and appropriate access to ICTs for all countries, special attention should be paid to the fact that ICTs can potentially be used for purposes that are inconsistent with the objectives of maintaining internati
39、onal stability and security, and may adversely affect the integrity of the infrastructure within States, to the detriment of their security in both civil and military fields. / A multi-pronged approach is needed to address these challenges, and cybercrime, on all fronts, with emphasis on preventive
40、approaches, national guidelines and regional and international cooperation. At the same time, action to address cybercrime and to ensure a safe and secure Information Society must respect the sovereignty of nations and maintain respect for the constitutional and other rights of all persons, includin
41、g freedom of expression. / All stakeholders concerned with ICT issues should take the necessary steps to enhance security, user confidence and other aspects of information and system/network integrity in order to avoid the risk of wholesale disruption and destruction of the network systems on which
42、they are increasingly dependent. / Effective information security could be guaranteed not only by technology, but also by education and training, policy and law, and international cooperation. In the long term, development of a “global culture of cyber-security“, based on a common understanding of r
43、egulations and appropriate mechanisms for information and technology exchange and international cooperation. should be promoted. / (Excerpt from “The Tokyo Declarationthe Asia-Pacific perspective to the WSIS“)（分数：25.00）_4.BPassage 1 /B The benefit of computers is that its easier to copy and manipula
44、te information. Corporations are using two kinds of imposed monopolies to deny you this benefit. Software patents restrict how you use your computer. They restrict developing software. A big program combines dozens or hundreds of ideas. When each idea can be patented, only IBMs and Microsofts can sa
45、fely write software. Bye-bye to any independent local software industry. Software patents must be rejected. / Copyrights restrict using and sharing informationexactly what your computer is for. It was fine to trade away the freedom to copy when only publishers could copy; the public lost nothing. To
46、day peer-to-peer sharing must be legal. WSIS should not teach people that sharing is wrong. Copyrights block access to scientific publications. Every university should be free to make an open-access mirror for any journal, so no one is excluded from access. / Then theres the economic effect. When co
47、mpanies have power over you, they bleed you dry. Copyrights and software patents increase the digital divide and concentrate wealth. We have too much scarcity in the world; lets not create more. TRIPS is restrictive enough, but software patents and the WIPO copyright treaty go beyond TRIPS, and WSIS
48、 should reject them. / Computer users need software that respects their freedom. We call it “free software“, meaning freedom, not gratis. You have the freedom to run it, study it, change it, and redistribute it. Free software means you control your computing. With non-free software, the software owners control it. They put in spy features, back doors, restrictions. / With free software, you can make the program do what you want. “You“ could mean an individual programmer, a company, or a group of users with similar needs. Non-programmers can
