1、翻译二级笔译综合能力分类模拟题 18 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the li
2、ttle ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succe
3、ed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often inseparately tied to their children“s success, it can be a bewildering , painful experience. So it is no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that ambition can be taught like any other
4、subject at school. It“s not quite that simple. “Kids can be given the opportunities, but they can“t be forced,“ says Jacquelynne Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan who led a study examining what motivated first- and seventh-graders in three school districts. Even so, a grow
5、ing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don“t seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents
6、and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve. Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughout life. The message is that everything is within the kids“ control, that their intelligence is mal
7、leable . Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids. Some educators say it“s important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests,
8、through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. “The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions,“ says Michael Nakkula, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Projec
9、t IF (Inventing the Future), which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations . The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to tell them the notion that classwork is irrelevant is not true, to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their
10、dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that they have to learn to walk before they can run.（分数：25.00）(1).The word “bewildering“ underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.50）A.puzzlingB.unbelievableC.unpleasantD.awkward(2).The passage is mainly about _.
11、（分数：2.50）A.when in one“s life ambition is most neededB.what to do to reform the education systemC.why parents of underachievers are ambitiousD.how to help school children develop their ambition(3).The word “unearth“ underlined in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.50）A.discoverB.seekC.purs
12、uitD.analyze(4).According to the passage, most educators believe that many kids _.（分数：2.50）A.show a lack of academic ambition at birthB.amaze their parents by acting like adultsC.become less ambitious as they grow upD.get increasingly afraid of failing in school(5).The word “reignite“ underlined in
13、Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.50）A.rekindleB.confirmC.find outD.strike(6).Paragraph 1 mentions some parents who would see their kids“ failure as _.（分数：2.50）A.naturalB.trivialC.intolerableD.understandable(7).The word “malleable“ in Paragraph 3 most probably means _.（分数：2.50）A.justifiab
14、leB.flexibleC.uncountableD.desirable(8).Some experts suggest that many kids lose ambition in school because they are _.（分数：2.50）A.cut off from the outside worldB.exposed to school work onlyC.kept away from class competitionD.labeled as inferior to others(9).The word “aspirations“ underlined in Parag
15、raph 4 refers to _.（分数：2.50）A.ambitionB.careeC.goalD.project(10).The last paragraph implies _.（分数：2.50）A.the effectiveness of Project IFB.the significance of classworkC.the importance of walking to runningD.the attainment of different life goalsJan Hendrik Schon“s success seemed too good to be true,
16、 and it was. In only four years as a physicist at Bell Laboratories, Schon, 32, had co-authored 90 scientific papersone every 16 daysdetailing new discoveries in superconductivity, lasers, nanotechnology and quantum physics. This output astonished his colleagues, and made them suspicious . When one
17、co-worker noticed that the same table of data appeared in two separate paperswhich also happened to appear in the two most prestigious scientific journals in the world, Science and Nature the jig was up. In October 2002, a Bell Labs investigation found that Schon had falsified and fabricated data. H
18、is career as a scientist was finished. Scientific scandals, which are as old as science itself, tend to follow similar patterns of presumption and due reward. In recent years, of course, the pressure on scientists to publish in the top journals has increased, making the journals much more crucial to
19、 career success. The questions are whether Nature and Science have become too powerful as arbiters of what science reaches to the public, and whether the journals are up to their task as gatekeepers. Each scientific specialty has its own set of journals. Physicists have Physical Review Letters, neur
20、oscientists have Neuron, and so forth. Science and Nature, though, are the only two major journals that cover the gamut of scientific disciplines, from meteorology and zoology to quantum physics and chemistry. As a result, journalists look to them each week for the cream of the crop of new science p
21、apers. And scientists look to the journals in part to reach journalists. Why do they care? Competition for grants has gotten so fierce that scientists have sought popular renown to gain an edge over their rivals. Publication in specialized journals will win the acclaims from academics and satisfy th
22、e publish-or-perish imperative, but Science and Nature come with the added bonus of potentially getting your paper written up in The New York Times and other publications. Scientists tend to pay more attention to the big two than to other journals. When more scientists know about a particular paper,
23、 they“re more apt to cite it in their own papers. Being oft-cited will increase a scientist“s “hnpact Factor,“ a measure of how often papers are cited by peers. Funding agencies use the “Impact Factor“ as a rough measure of the influence of scientists they“re considering supporting.（分数：25.00）(1).The
24、 word “suspicious“ underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.50）A.doubtfulB.incredibleC.stupendousD.horrendous(2).The achievements of Jan Hendrik Schon turned out to be _.（分数：2.50）A.surprisingB.inconceivableC.praiseworthyD.fraudulent(3).The word “fabricated“ underlined in Paragraph
25、1 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.50）A.fakeB.compileC.draw upD.analyze(4).To find why scientific scandals like Schon“s occur, people have begun to raise doubt about the two top journals for _.（分数：2.50）A.their academic prestigeB.their importance to career successC.their popularity with scientific ci
26、rclesD.their reviewing system(5).The word “renown“ underlined in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.50）A.reputationB.purposeC.nameD.achievement(6).According to the passage, what makes Science and Nature powerful?（分数：2.50）A.They cover the best researches on a variety of subjectsB.They publi
27、sh controversial papers that others won“tC.They prefer papers on highly specialized researchD.They have a special system of peer-review(7).The expression “the cream of the crop“ in Paragraph 3 most likely means “_“.（分数：2.50）A.the most of allB.the best of allC.the recently releasedD.the widely spread
28、(8).The word “acclaims“ underlined in Paragraph 3 refers to _.（分数：2.50）A.complimentB.prizeC.bonusD.core(9).Scientists know that by reaching the journalists for Science and Nature they would get a better chance to _.（分数：2.50）A.have more of their papers published in the journals in the futureB.have th
29、eir names appear in many other renown publicationsC.have their research results understood by the general publicD.have their superiors give them monetary award for the publication(10).Compared with other journals, Nature and Science would give the authors an extra benefit that their papers _.（分数：2.5
30、0）A.will be more likely to become influential and be citedB.will be more likely to be free from challenge by peersC.will be reviewed with greater care to ensure the authorityD.will reappear in their original in papers like New York TimesThis leaves us with the challenge of finding some politically p
31、racticable way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. But it is an awkward truth that when most U.S. senators were asked informally in 2000 if they would support the Kyoto Protocol should President George W. Bush send it to the Senate for ratification , the overwhelming majority, Democrats as well as R
32、epublicans, said they could not. The reason for the liberals“surprising reply is clear. Many studies, not all by conservatives, suggest that full compliance with the terms of the Kyoto Protocol would likely lead to a deep American recession. For those willing to Fun this risk, sober reflection on th
33、e consequences of the economic collapse of 1929 and the subsequent worldwide depression with all its political and ultimately military consequences is certainly in order. That said, what can be done, in particular by our own country? Independent of the issues raised by the Kyoto Protocol, and given
34、the weight of evidence that the problem of global warming is serious and fraught with dire consequences, failure to do anything at all and instead to promote “business as usual“ is downright criminal. Yet the Bush administration has given no more than lip service to the problem, though that could be
35、 changing. It is one thing to weigh alternatives and implement compromises that reflect the complexity of the problem; it is quite another thing to do nothing, especially if doing nothing is just a way of securing support from certain industries that worsen the problem. There are, after all, things
36、that can be done. Reopening a serious international dialogue, and not just saying a few good words, would be a useful if inadequate start. Not every problem must be solved before the weight of evidence becomes so compelling that certain initial steps become almost mandatory. We already know how to m
37、ake more fuel-efficient automobiles, yet no national policy has surfaced to accomplish this. The scientific and engineering communities are the ones best suited to identify the scientific research that is still needed and the technical projects that show the greatest promise. These issues should be
38、decided by them and not the politicians. Once solutions look promising, as a few already do, industry will be all too ready to jump in, for at that stage there is money to be made. And only a fool would underestimate human ingenuity when given a proper incentive, or the strength of American industry
39、 once the boiler is lit under it.（分数：25.00）(1).The word “ratification“ underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.50）A.approvalB.agreementC.authorizationD.confirmation(2).What can be inferred about the Kyoto Protocol from Paragraph 1?（分数：2.50）A.It was about environment protection.B.I
40、t was supported by most Democrats.C.It was considered awkward by conservatives.D.It was officially rejected by most US senators.(3).The word “compliance“ underlined in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.50）A.obedienceB.submissionC.subjectionD.procrastination(4).Many studies suggest that fu
41、ll agreement with the Kyoto Protocol would run the risk of _.（分数：2.50）A.falling victim to military warfareB.offending other countriesC.re-experiencing the past miseriesD.provoking nationwide anger(5).We can learn from Paragraph 2 that _.（分数：2.50）A.measures should be taken to deal with global warming
42、.B.the best way to deal with global warming is “let it be“.C.the seriousness of global warming has been exaggerated.D.promoting “business as usual“ must be further stressed.(6).The word “dire“ underlined in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.50）A.horribleB.immeasurableC.incalculableD.inhum
43、an(7).The Bush administration _.（分数：2.50）A.has assisted in aggravating global warmingB.has taken no measures against global warmingC.has executed compromises about global warmingD.has got big industries“ support to stop global warming(8).The author suggests all of the following measures EXCEPT _.（分数
44、：2.50）A.reopening a serious international dialogueB.overcoming all difficulties before startingC.conducting scientific researches concernedD.doing the most promising technical projects(9).The word “downright“ underlined in Paragraph 2 refers to _.（分数：2.50）A.completeB.realC.meaningfulD.especial(10).I
45、n the last paragraph, the expression “once the boiler is lit under it“ most probably means “when American industry is _.“（分数：2.50）A.underminedB.upgradedC.incensedD.stimulatedIt seems incredible to me that Latin is not taught in schools as a matter of course, especially in a country that is forever l
46、amenting its own (undeniable) mediocrity when it comes to speaking foreign languages. As a 13-year-old, I hardly approached my own Latin lessons with anything resembling enthusiasmI might have been keener if Aeneas went to the shops occasionallybut I am terrifically grateful I had them, all the same
47、. The benefits are many. Having a basic grounding in Latin makes learning Romance languages a doddle(轻而易举的事): the fact that I speak English plus three others has less to do with any genetic predispositionI was hopeless at learning Russianthan with an understanding of the root and provenance of Latin
48、-derived words. It would be impossible to have a smattering of Latin and find oneself stuck in Italy, provided one managed to persuade the speaker to slow down a bit. And the reason I can (arguably) just about string a sentence together in Englishwhich isn“t my first languagehas a great deal to do w
49、ith understanding, through Latin, the way sentences and grammar work. Latin also has its own pleasing internal logic: you follow the rules and you get the answer. And I really believe that if you know Latin, you half-speak French already. The British used not to be appalling at languages: my theory is that they only became so during the past century, when Latin stopped being widely taught. Detractors (恶意批评者) might point out that there is litt
