1、公共英语(五级)3 及答案解析(总分：7.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Section II Use of E(总题数：1，分数：1.00)Most parents these days have to rely on their force of personality and whatever love and respect they can inspire to 【B1】 any influence over their children at all, 【B2】 there is still an awful lot of parental authority that big
2、money can buy. Multi-millionaires have 【B3】 of everything than ordinary mortals, including more parent power, and their sons and daughters have about as 【B4】 opportunity to develop according to their own inclinations 【B5】 they would have had in the age of absolute monarchy. The rich still have famil
3、ies. The great divide between the generations, which is so much taken for 【B6】 that no one remarks on it any longer, is the plight of the lower and middle classes, 【B7】 children begin to drift away as soon as they are 【B8】 enough to go to school. The parents cannot control the 【B9】 and have even les
4、s say 【B10】 to what company and ideas the child will be exposed to; 【B11】 can they isolate him 【B12】 the public mood, the spirit of the age. It is an often-heard complaint of the middle-class 【B13】 , for instance, that she must let her children watch television for hours on 【B14】 every day if she is
5、 to steal any 【B15】 for herself. The rich have no such 【B16】 ; they can keep their offspring 【B17】 from morning to night without being near them for a minute more than they choose to be, and can exercise almost 【B18】 control over their environment. As for schooling, they can hand-pick tutors with so
6、und views to come to the children, who may 【B19】 leave the grounds 【B20】 for an exceptionally secure boarding school or a well-chaperoned trip abroad. （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_
7、二、Section III Reading(总题数：3，分数：3.00)Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business worlds favorite academic title: the MBA ( Master of Business Administration). The MBA, a 20th-century pro
8、duct, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature. But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993.
9、This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day. “If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one,“ said Donald Morrison, P
10、rofessor of marketing and management science. “ But in the last five years or so, when someone says, Should I attempt to get an MBA, the answer a lot more is: It depends. “ The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc. , has helped inspire self-con
11、scious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught. The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders. The article called MBA hires “ extremely disa
12、ppointing“ and said “ MBAs want to move up too fast, they dont understand politics and people, and they arent able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, theyre out looking for other jobs. “ The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acq
13、uired an aura of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness. Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one. The growth was fueled by a backlash against the antibusi
14、ness values of the 1960s and by the womens movement. Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “ They dont get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business,“ said James Shaffe
15、r, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm. （分数：1.00）(1).According to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campuses dominated by purer disciplines?（分数：0.20）A.Scornful.B.Appreciative.C.Envious.D.Realistic.(2).It seems that the controversy
16、over the value of MBA degrees has been fueled mainly by_.（分数：0.20）A.the complaints from various employersB.the success of many non-MBAsC.the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplinesD.the poor performance of MBAs at work(3).What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to The Harvard
17、Business Review?（分数：0.20）A.They are usually self-centered.B.They are aggressive and greedy.C.They keep complaining about their jobs.D.They are not good at dealing with people.(4).From the passage we know that most MB As_.（分数：0.20）A.can climb the corporate ladder fairly quicklyB.quit their jobs once
18、they are familiar with their workmatesC.receive salaries that do not match their professional trainingD.cherish unrealistic expectations about their future(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：0.20）A.Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs.B.The necessity of reforming MBA programs in
19、 business schools.C.Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.D.A debate held recently on university campuses.German Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic talent, but his legacy includes many of todays social insurance programs. During the middle of th
20、e 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated in part by Christian compassion for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the
21、 socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the worlds first workers compensation law in 1884. By 1908, the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers compensation insurance. Americas injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but they stil
22、l faced a number of tough legal barriers. For example, employees had to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace. The first state workers compensation law in this country passed in 1911, and t
23、he program soon spread throughout the nation. After World War II, benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a f
24、amily of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national commission to study the problems of workers compensation. Two years later, the commission issued 19 key recommendations, including one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100% of the states average weekly wages.
25、In fact, the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55% of the states average weekly wages in 1972 to 97% today. But as most studies show, every 10% increase in compensation benefits results in a 5% increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with so much more money
26、 floating in the workers compensation system, its not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie. （分数：1.00）(1).The worlds first workers compensation law was introduced by Bismarck_.（分数：0.20）A.to make industrial production saferB.to speed up the pac
27、e of industrializationC.out of religious and political considerationsD.for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movement(2).We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe_.（分数：0.20）A.was accompanied by an increased number of workshop accidentsB.resulted in the
28、 development of popular social insurance programsC.required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplaceD.met growing resistance from laborers working at machines(3).One of the problems the American injured workers faced in getting compensation in the early 19 th century was that_.（
29、分数：0.20）A.they had to have courage to sue for damages in a court of lawB.different states in the U. S. had totally different compensation programsC.Americas average compensation benefit was much lower than the cost of livingD.they had to produce evidence that their employers were responsible for the
30、 accident(4).After 1972 workers compensation insurance in the U. S. became more favorable to workers so that_.（分数：0.20）A.the poverty level for a family of four went up drasticallyB.there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claimsC.the number of workers suing for damages increasedD.more mon
31、ey was allocated to their compensation system(5).The author ends the passage with the implication that_.（分数：0.20）A.compensation benefits in America are soaring to new heightsB.the workers are not the only ones to benefit from the compensation systemC.people from all walks of life can benefit from th
32、e compensation systemD.money floating the compensation system is a huge drain on the U. S. economyPaul Straussmann, retired vice president of Xerox, indicates in his book Information Pay-off that “almost half of the U. S. information workers are in executive, managerial, administrative and professio
33、nal positions“. He further states that “managers and professionals spend more than half of their time in communicating with each other“. In other words, people are a corporations most expensive resource. For a typical office, over 90% of the operating budget is for salaries, benefits and over head.
34、With this investment, is it any wonder that managers are focusing more and more attention on employee productivity? They realize that the paper jungle cannot be tamed simply by hiring more people. To receive a return on their investment, wise corporate executive officers are realizing what industria
35、lists and agriculturists learned long ago efficient tools are essential for increased productivity. A direct relationship exists between efficient flow of information and the quality and speed of the output of the end product. For those companies using technology, the per document cost of informatio
36、n processing is only a fraction of what it was a few years ago. The decreasing cost of computers and peripherals (equipment tied to the computer) will continue to make technology a cost-effective tool in the future. An example of this type of savings is illustrated in the case of the Western Divisio
37、n of General Telephone and Electronics Company ( GTE ). By making a one-time investment of $10 million to automate its facilities, management estimates an annual saving of $8.5 million for the company. This savings is gained mainly through the elimination of support people once needed for proposal p
38、rojects. Through a telecommunications network that supports 150 computer terminals with good graphics capabilities, the engineers who conceptualize the projects are now direct participants. They use the graphics capacities of the computer rather than rely on drafters to prepare drawings, they enter
39、their own text rather than employ typists, and they use the network to track project progress rather than conducting meetings. （分数：1.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author quotes Straussmanns words in order to make clear_.（分数：0.20）A.the importance of communicative capability in businessB.the need
40、 for people of higher positions in a companyC.the importance of assigning people to proper positionsD.the necessity for people in higher positions to know information science(2).Todays corporate executive officers resemble the industrialists and agriculturists in the past in their realization of_.（分
41、数：0.20）A.the essential roles of the workers in turning out more productsB.the importance of information to a companys developmentC.the importance of technology leading to high employee productivityD.the necessity of providing employees with a comfortable environment(3).Which of the following might b
42、e the result from the use of efficient technology in corporations?（分数：0.20）A.The quantity of products will be considerably increased.B.The cost of computers will be decreased.C.The per document cost of information processing will be reduced.D.The newest information will be easier to obtain.(4).The G
43、TEs example shows that_.（分数：0.20）A.efficient technology is cost-effectiveB.many meetings in a company are unnecessaryC.many positions like that of a typist can be done away withD.it doesnt cost much to automate the facilities of a company(5).According to this passage, what is the most expensive reso
44、urce in a corporation?（分数：0.20）A.Product.B.Human resource.C.Raw materials.D.Clients of the corporation.三、Part B Directions: I(总题数：1，分数：1.00)In an up market restaurant near Cambridge city centre, twelve young men and women sit around a large, linen-covered table set with plates and dishes, glasses an
45、d cutlery. To one side is a man in a wheelchair. He is older than the others. He looks terribly frain, almost withered away to nothing, slumped motionless and seemingly lifeless against the black cloth cushion of his wheelchair. His hands, thin and pale, the fingers slender, lie in his lap. Set into
46、 the centre of his sinewy throat, just below the collar of his open-necked shirt, is a plastic breathing device about two inches in diameter. But despite his disabilities, his face is alive and boyish, neatly brushed brown hair falling across his brow, only the lines beneath his eyes belying the fac
47、t that he is a contemporary of Keith Richards and Donald Trump. His head lolls forward, but from behind steel-rimmed spectacles his clear blue eyes are alert, raised slightly to survey the other faces around him. 66. ( ) There is an air of excitement in the restaurant. Around this man the young peop
48、le laugh and joke, and occasionally address him or make a flippant remark in his direction. A moment later the babble of human voices is cut through by a rasping sound, a metallic voice, like something from the set of Star Wars the man in the wheelchair makes a response which brings peals of laughter from the whole table. 67. ( ) As the diners begin their main course there is a commotion at the restaurants entrance. A fe
