1、公共英语(四级)4 及答案解析(总分：11.97，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Section I Listening(总题数：1，分数：1.00)The probable relationship between the two speakers is doctor and 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_二、PART B(总题数：1，分数：1.00)(1).The topic of this talk is_.（分数：0.20）填空项 1:_(2).Busy families like to buy plastic bags because they can_.（分数：0.20）填空项
2、1:_(3).While going grocery shopping, the speaker suggests people should take to grocery store_.（分数：0.20）填空项 1:_(4).As a great amount of paper is consumed at work and school, the speaker calls on people to_.（分数：0.20）填空项 1:_(5).Whats the final proposal put forward by the speaker?（分数：0.20）填空项 1:_三、PART
3、 C Direction(总题数：3，分数：3.00)(1).The author mentions September 11 to demonstrate_.（分数：0.33）A.the change of Americans attitude toward AfghanistanB.the necessity for university students to better understand foreign cultureC.the fact that Afghanistan is affecting Americans lifeD.the urgency for universit
4、y students to understand Afghanistan issue(2).The author believes that todays universities_.（分数：0.33）A.must give their students a better grasp of science and foreign cultureB.should seek to meet the challenge of greater global integrationC.need to adapt to the challenge of more advanced scienceD.are
5、 fully qualified to serve our society(3).The best title for this passage would be_.（分数：0.33）A.Role of UniversitiesB.Serving Our SocietyC.Pursuing DiversityD.New Assignment for Universities(1).When was the euro launched?（分数：0.33）A.1992.B.1995.C.1999.D.2001.(2).Why did the worth of euro drop?（分数：0.33）
6、A.It dropped due to the weakness of the eurozone economies and the inexperience of the European Central Bank in dealing with the international markets.B.People in most European countries refused to use euro instead of their own currency.C.Counterfeiters made a lot of fake notes since people were not
7、 familiar with the new currency.D.Some countries are not ready for the euro. They stopped using euro in daily purchasing.(3).Why are the eight coins of euro different in composition, weight, thickness, and milling?（分数：0.33）A.Because each nation wants to keep its characteristics.B.Because they are de
8、signed by different artists from eight countries.C.Because it will enable the blind to distinguish between them easily.D.Because Denmark and other countries want to have their own coins.(1).Why cant the library issue library cards to everyone who applies?（分数：0.33）A.Because it takes too long to proce
9、ss all the applications.B.Because it is a library for special purpose.C.Because its resources are limited.D.Because there is a shortage of staff.(2).What will the library do if a reader fails to renew the video when it is due?（分数：0.33）A.Discard his application form.B.Forbid him to borrow any items.C
10、Ask him to apply again.D.Cancel his video card.(3).For how long can a reader keep the book before he renews it?（分数：0.33）A.One week.B.One month.C.Two weeks.D.Two months.四、Section II Use of E(总题数：1，分数：1.00)Each company has many “publics who should be able not only recognize its name 【21】 to correctly
11、 identify its industry and its 【22】 line. These publics include present customers and stockholders as well as banks, insurance companies, stockbrokers, and securities 【23】 who supply the company with essential services and capital. The 【24】 names of many well-established companies can be a of misinf
12、ormation, thereby 【25】 communication with them. This was the problem that faced Michigan Seamless Tube Company a company with sales of 128 million a year. In the first 【26】 ,the companys name tells us that it is located in Michigan 【27】 that it manufactures seamless tubing. What the name does not 【2
13、8】 to most people is the fact Michigan Seamless Tube also has operations in five 【29】 states and has a varied product line specialty forgings, broaching machines, tools, and steel bars in addition to seamless tubing. The problem was 【30】 by the companys 【31】 , which operated 【32】 their own names and
14、 were not clearly identified with the 【33】 company. Customers, suppliers, and the financial community did not see Michigan Seamless Tube as a 【34】 based metal producer. They perceived it only as a small, 【35】 , regional manufacturing company. The companys 【36】 decided to adopt a new corporate identi
15、ty. The 【37】 point for this change was the company name. The new name had to be one that could encompass all of the companys products and subsidiaries, a name that would correctly project the image of a 【38】 corporation. After considering many different possibilities, management decided on a 【39】 wo
16、rd: Quanes a name 【40】from a combination of the first three letters of the word “ quality“ and the first three letters of the Latin word “nex“, which means connection. （分数：1.00）A.andB.butC.howeverD.eitherA.productionB.productC.assemblyD.byproductA.analyticalB.analystC.analysisD.analystsA.businessB.c
17、ooperationC.incorporateD.corporateA.limitingB.limitsC.limitD.limitedA.glanceB.viewC.watchD.considerationA.andB.butC.soD.howeverA.passB.transferC.conveyD.transmitA.elseB.othersC.otherD.restA.decreasedB.increasinglyC.increasedD.compoundA.headquartersB.plantsC.agentsD.subsidiariesA.inB.underC.withD.hav
18、eA.parentB.motherC.head officeD.originalA.broadlyB.sizablyC.competitivelyD.largelyA.specializedB.specialC.specialtyD.specializationA.managementsB.managerialC.managersD.managementA.firstB.startC.beginD.startingA.diversificationB.diversifyingC.diversifyD.diversifiedA.createdB.coinedC.madeD.imaginedA.r
19、esultedB.compoundedC.derivedD.changed五、Section III Reading(总题数：4，分数：4.00)With the development of science and technology, we know much of glaciers. For all their great diversity of shapes and sizes, glaciers consist of two essential types: valley glaciers, which flow downhill from mountains and are s
20、haped by the constraints of topography, and ice sheets, which flow outward in all directions from domelike centers of accumulated ice to cover vast expanses of terrain. Whatever their types, most glaciers are remnants of great shrouds of ice that covered the earth eons ago. In a few of these glacier
21、s the oldest ice is very ancient indeed: the age of parts of tile Antarctic sheet may be over 500,000 years. Glaciers are born in rocky wombs above the snow line, where there is sufficient winter snowfall and summer cold for snow to survive the annual melting. The long gestation period of a glacier
22、begins with the accumulation and gradual transformation of snowflakes. Soon after they come to the ground, complex snowflakes are reduced to compact, roughly spherical ice crystals, the basic components of a glacier. As new layer of snow and fern, snow that survives the melting of the previous summe
23、r, accumulate, they squeeze out most of the air bubbles trapped within and between the crystals below. This process of recrystallization continues throughout the life of the glacier. The length of time required for the formation of glacier ice depends mainly upon the temperature and the rate of snow
24、fall. In Iceland, where snowfall is heavy and summer temperature is high enough to produce plenty of melt water, glacier ice may come into being in a relatively short time for example, ten years. In parts of Antarctica, where snowfall is scant and the ice remains well below its melting temperature y
25、ear-round, the process may require hundreds of years. The ice does not become a glacier until it moves under its own weight, and it can not move significantly until it reaches a critical thickness the point at which the weight of the piled-up layers overcomes the internal strength of the ice and the
26、 friction between the ice and the ground. This critical thickness is about 60 feet. The fastest moving glaciers have been gauged at not much more than two and a half-mile per year, and some cover less than 1/100 inch in that same amount of time. But no matter how infinitely small the flow, movement
27、is what distinguishes a glacier from a mere mass of ice. （分数：1.00）(1).Which will be the best title for the passage?（分数：0.20）A.How Glaciers Come into Being.B.How Glaciers Move Around.C.The Classification of Glaciers.D.The Volume and Shape of Glaciers.(2).In order to describe the development of glacie
28、rs, the author uses the analogy of _.（分数：0.20）A.creationB.birthC.recrystallizationD.gestation(3).The phrase “the process“ in the last sentence of paragraph three refers to _.（分数：0.20）A.the recrystallizing processB.the process to create a glacierC.the formation of valley glacierD.the accumulation of
29、tae previous years snow(4).Which of the following word can best explain the word “critical“ on the second line, paragraph 4 ?（分数：0.20）A.Crucial.B.Looking for faults.C.Great.D.Dangerous.(5).We can tell the difference between a glacier and a mere mass of ice by _.（分数：0.20）A.the thickness of the iceB.t
30、he movement of the iceC.the weight of the iceD.the amount of iceThe fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food list appeared with the label: “Store in the refrigerator.“ In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthy. The milkman came every day,
31、 the grocer, the butcher (肉商), the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times each week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus(剩余)bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries h
32、ave ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. Many well-tried techniques already existed natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling. What refrigeration did promote
33、was marketing marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the world in search of a good price. So most of the worlds fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the rich countries with mild temperatures wher
34、e they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. The fridges effect upon
35、 the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been not important. If you dont believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may not eat the hamburgers, but at least youll get rid of that terrible hum. （分数：1.00）(1).T
36、he statement “In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.“ suggests that（分数：0.20）A.the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties.B.the author was not accustomed to fridges even in his fifties.C.there was no fridge in the authors home in the 1950s.D.th
37、e fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s.(2).Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges?（分数：0.20）A.People would not buy more food than was necessary.B.Food was delivered to people two or three times a week.C.Food was sold fresh and did not get
38、rotten easily.D.People had effective ways to preserve their food.(3).Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author?（分数：0.20）A.Inventors.B.Consumers.C.Manufacturers.D.Travelling salesmen.(4).Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph indicates the fridges negative effect on
39、the environment?（分数：0.20）A.Hum away continuously.B.Climatically almost unnecessary.C.Artificially-cooled space.D.With mild temperatures.(5).What is the authors overall attitude toward fridges?（分数：0.20）A.Neutral.B.Critical.C.Objective.D.Compromising.Although there had been various small cameras devel
40、oped, it was not until George Eastman introduced the Kodak in 1888 that the mass appeal of photography attracted America and Europe and thereafter spread quickly to the far corners of the earth. Eastman called his new famous camera the Kodak for no particular reason except that he liked the word. It
41、 was easy to remember and could be pronounced in any language. An immediate consequence of Eastman s invention was a blizzard of amateur photographs that soon became known as snapshots. The word came from hunters jargon. When a hunter fired a gun from the hip, without taking careful aim, it was desc
42、ribed as a snapshot. Photographers referred to the process of taking pictures as shooting, and they would take pride in a good days shoot the way country gentlemen would boast about the number of birds brought down in an afternoon. Photography became not only easy but fun because of the Kodak. Almos
43、t overnight photography became one of the worlds most popular hobbies. A new and universal folk art was born; the showing of ones latest pictures and the creation of family albums became popular social pastimes. Camera clubs and associations numbered their members in the millions. One ardent amateur
44、 was the French novelist Emile Zola, who took a lot of photographs of his family, friends, and travels. Interviewed about his favorite hobby in 1900, he observed, “I think you cannot say you have thoroughly seen anything until you have got a photograph of it.“ “The little black box,“ as the Kodak wa
45、s affectionately dubbed, revolutionized the way people communicated. “A picture is worth a thousand words“ was the claim and there were literally billions of pictures. In one year alone 1988, the centenary of the invention of the Kodak it is estimated that almost thirty billion were taken in America
46、 alone. The impact of the sale of photographic equipment on the economy is equally mind-boggling. Photography has played an essential role in the media revolution. It has greatly enhanced our ability to convey information, so that the concept of the global village has become a commonplace. Photograp
47、hs have greatly extended our understanding of and compassion for our fellow human beings. Did Mr. Eastman have the faintest idea of the power residing in his “little black box“ ? （分数：1.00）(1).What was the underlying significance of the invention of the Kodak?（分数：0.20）A.It made the work of profession
48、als more enjoyable.B.It made picture-taking suddenly popular among ordinary people.C.It marked the beginning of manufacturing small cameras.D.It met the need of photographers in America and Europe.(2).Snapshot, as is explained in the passage, refers to（分数：0.20）A.the shooting of birds by hunters.B.th
49、e whole process of taking pictures.C.pictures taken at random.D.pictures that were taken after careful preparation.(3).Which of the following is NOT a result brought out by the Kodak according to the passage?（分数：0.20）A.A new folk art came into existence.B.Enjoying pictures became a popular hobby.C.The number of professional photographers increased quickly.D.
