1、公共英语五级-23 及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Liste(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BPart A/BI You will hear a monologue given by Sara Feinstein about her extracurricular activities. As you listen, answer Questions 1 to 10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE.You now have 1 minute to read Qu
2、estions 1 to 10. 1. Sarah started studying philosophy before she went to primary schoolQuestions 1 to 10./I（分数：10.00）(1).Sarah started studying philosophy before she went to primary school.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(2).She had to get up at 7:30 every morning.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(3).She began to appreciate what
3、her parents had done for her at eighth grade.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(4).She despises children who watch TV everyday.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(5).She does voluntary work for the UN during vacations.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(6).Her mother was happy that her children were doing things she wanted them to do.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误
4、(7).Her mother had to stay in the car a lot of the time while her children took the Saturday classes.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(8).Sarah believes that involvement in extracurricular activities is vital for a college acceptance.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(9).She worked in Northern Ireland in 1999 for a senator.（分数：1.00
5、）A.正确B.错误(10).Sarah now majors in international relations at the University of Pennsylvania.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误二、BPart B/B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)B Questions 11 to 13 are based on an interview with chief executive of Fairtrade Foundation Phil Wells about his role in giving Third Worm traders a better deal./B（
6、分数：3.00）(1).When did the man enter the field of fair trade?（分数：1.00）A.While he was doing his degree in ecology.B.After he founded Friends of the Earth in Norwich.C.When he was working with the Natural History Museum.D.While he was working for Traidcraft.(2).What seems to be the problem facing fair t
7、rade?（分数：1.00）A.Consumers indifference.B.Uncertainty of product quality.C.Lack of support form the government.D.Lack of strong companies involvement.(3).What did his Indian experience show?（分数：1.00）A.Local people were doubtful of their motives.B.Local people were disappointed by the foreigners.C.The
8、 Fairtrade Foundation were unaware of the local situation.D.The Fairtrade Foundation won a certain level of trust from the locals.Questions 14 to 16 are based on an interview with Mike Stentiford, chairman of the National Trust for Jerseys Coastline Campaign.（分数：3.00）(1).In which year did he become
9、vice president of the National Trust for Jersey?（分数：1.00）A.1958.B.1978.C.1991.D.2000.(2).What does the Coastline Campaign aim to achieve?（分数：1.00）A.To protect coastal archaeology.B.To acquire more donated land.C.To sell land for protection funds.D.To curb inappropriate development.(3).What is the ac
10、hievement of the campaign so far?（分数：1.00）A.Trust of the local people.B.Acquisition of coast land.C.Support from the Welsh people.D.A management agreement with Jersey Water.BQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the following interview with Professor Schneider about climate change./B（分数：4.00）(1).What was
11、the research about?（分数：1.00）A.Establishing physical modelsB.Establishing statistical models.C.Making assumptions about climate change.D.Finding evidence in animal and plant species.(2).Which phenomena did they observe particularly?（分数：1.00）A.Flowering and migration.B.Volcanic eruption.C.Greenhouse g
12、as emissions.D.Human activities.(3).What did they compare their model-based results to?（分数：1.00）A.Animals and plants.B.Weather balloons.C.Thermometers.D.Satellites.(4).What did their research result confirm?（分数：1.00）A.Temperature fluctuations over 30 years.B.Calculations made by computer models.C.Th
13、e impact of natural forces.D.The effect of industrialization.三、BPart C/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)（分数：10.00）(1).Gavin lived in China when his father was staying in _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Gavin and his wife came to China to celebrate their _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Which year was of great interest to Gavin?（分数：1.00
14、）填空项 1:_(4).The capital was moved to the north in Ming Dynasty to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).According to Gavin, How many years earlier did the Chinese reach America than Columbus?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The wood used to make the ship is believed to come from _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The belief that Magellan us
15、ed Chinese charts is evidenced by his letters to _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).When Gavin gave his talk on BBC, how many people watched it?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to Gavin, the Chinese discovered _ before the Europeans.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).Gavin believed that the Chinese built the Atlantis after their
16、 ships were _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Married mothers who also hold jobs, despite having to juggle career and home, enjoyU (31) /Uhealth than their underemployed or childless peers. Data from a long-term study launched in the UK in 1946 shows that such working moms are theU (
17、32) /Ulikely to be obeseU (33) /Umiddle age and the most likely to report generally good health. And this result cannot be explained simplyU (34) /Uthe healthiest women take on the most.Epidemiologist Anne McMunn of University College London drew more than 1,400 femaleU (35) /U from a study of 5,362
18、 Britons born during the first week of March 1946. FollowedU (36) /Utheir lives, including face-to-face interviews atU (37) /U26, 36, 46 and 53, the women provided data from both their own views of their health as well asU (38) /Umeasures such as body-mass index. By assessing bothU (39) /Uand object
19、ive information, the researchers hoped to discoverU (40) /U working moms undertook such multitasking because of their inherentU (41) /Uor achieved good health because of their multiple roles.Of the 555 working mothers, only 23 percent proved obeseU (42) /Uage 53, compared to 38 percent of the 151 fu
20、ll-time homemakers,U (43) /Ualso averaged the highest body-mass index of all six categories ofU (44) /U, rounded out by single working mothers, the childless, multiply-married working moms and intermittently-employed married mothers. InU (45) /U, full-time homemakers reported the most poor health, U
21、(46) /Uby single mothers and the childless.Of course, the data do not showU (47) /Uworking moms are healthiest but the womens view of their own health at 26 did not correlateU (48) /Uwhether they undertookU (49) /Ucareers and families, seeming to discount a definitive role for good health in determi
22、ning a womans choices. Working correlated with low body massU (50) /Uall groups, including single moms and childless women.（分数：20.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、BSection Rea
23、di(总题数：3，分数：15.00)BText 1/BFear helps animals, including humans, to survive since it allows them to avoid predators and dangerous situations. Having too much fear, or not being able to control it can, however, harm them. It can freeze animals into inaction, which is hardly an effective defence tacti
24、c, and it can cause a variety of debilitating disorders, such as phobias, pathological anxiety and the increasingly fashionable diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder.Understanding how fear is formed in the brain may shed light on these disorders and help to develop ways to erase unwanted fears
25、. In a paper published in the current issue of Cell, Gleb Shumyatsky, of Rutgers University in New Jersey, and his colleagues have achieved just that, in mice at least.Dr. Shumyatsky was interested in the role of a gene called stathmin. His interest was piqued because this gene, though present in ev
26、ery cell in the body (as are all genes), is active only in cells of a part of the brain called the amygdala. It was established a few years ago that the amygdala is the area that governs fear. Rare individuals whose amygdalas are damaged are, literally, fearless.To investigate the role of stathmin,
27、Dr. Shumyatsky and his team established a strain of so-called knock-out mice who had had the gene removed from their DNA. They then conducted a series of experiments on instinctive and learned fear.The team found that their knock-out mice showed neither form of fear. They would, for example, venture
28、, insouciantly into environments that normal mice avoid, such as open spaces and elevated platforms where they could easily be seen by predators. They were also less prone to freeze up in response to events that would normally induce fear, such as seeing cats.In addition to this lack of instinctive
29、fear, the knock-out mice seemed to have weaker memories for past aversive experiences. The researchers tested this using the famous experimental method called conditioning, which was developed by Ivan Pavlov over a century ago. The essence of a neutral one such as a sound and a significant one, such
30、 as an electric shock, that produces a strong and consistent response. If an animal is given the shock immediately after heating the sound, it will associate the latter with the former and show fearful behavior when it hears the sound.Using this sort of set-up, Dr. Shumyatsky discovered that mice wi
31、th stathmin knocked out found it hard to make the association. They could not, in other words, learn to be afraid. To be sure this was not due to changes in other features that might result from lack of the gene, he tested the animals hearing and pain sensitivity. Both were normal. So was their spat
32、ial memory. And although he did not try tests where the learned association was with pleasant rather than a fearful stimulus, he is reasonably confident that stathmins effect is specific to fear because it is confined to the amygdala.（分数：5.00）(1).It is believed that fear（分数：1.00）A.is essential for a
33、nimals to survive in dangerous situations.B.is harmful to animals if they cannot control it.C.is an effective defence strategy for animals.D.is helpful in combating post-traumatic disorders.(2).Fearless individuals（分数：1.00）A.usually have damaged amygdalas in their brain.B.have developed ways to remo
34、ve unwanted fears.C.lack a gene called stathmin in their body.D.do not activate stathmin in the amygdalas.(3).The knock-out mice in the experiment（分数：1.00）A.did not avoid places easily reached by predators.B.would freeze up when they saw cats.C.were better at remembering past experiences.D.had abnor
35、mal spatial memory.(4).Dr. Shumyatsky discovered that the knock-out mice（分数：1.00）A.had damaged hearing.B.had low pain sensitivity.C.were not capable of learning fear.D.showed instinctive fear when seeing cats.(5).In Dr. Shumyatskys test, the knock-out mice（分数：1.00）A.made the association between stim
36、uli and behavior.B.were affected by changes that result from lack of the gene.C.could associate pleasant stimuli with certain behavior.D.could not be conditioned to respond to certain stimuli.BText 2/BTo capture London in freeze-frame at the turn of the 19th century, Jonathan Schneer develops a sing
37、le over-arching theme. In a work of persuasive scholarship, written with verve and insight, he analyses the tremendous impact that Britains imperial adventure-then at its height-made on nearly every aspect of Londons life.Few Londoners were unaffected by the countrys self-appointed mission to take W
38、estern civilisation to the “Ubenighted/U“ peoples of Africa and the East, and to extract much of their natural wealth in return for the favour. The policies that drove imperialism were made by statesmen, aristocrats and capitalists who met regularly around the dinner tables of a few influential and
39、manipulative hostesses. Businessmen and financiers were quick to take advantage of the opportunities open to them, and used some of the profits to protect their interests by sending a volunteer force from the financial district to help fight the Boers.At the other end of the economic scale, dock lab
40、ourers handled the products of empire but could not possess them except by theft, which was endemic and which Mr. Schneer appears to defend as a legitimate weapon of class conflict, “an act of imperial self-definition“. This, the sharp end of colonial trade, had wider political ramifications, for th
41、e dockers harsh working conditions spawned aggressive and eventually effective trade unions. Meanwhile, the seeds of the liberation movements that were to flower in mid-century were sown by exiled Indians and West Indians, encouraged by white liberal sympathisers, who published small but influential
42、 journals and addressed impassioned public meetings across the capital. Many of them pursued the now discredited tactic of collaborating with the colonial authorities, yet their work laid the foundation for the long and often turbulent process of persuading the British that the conquerors role could
43、 not be sustained in the long term.In half a dozen entertaining pages, Mr. Schneer combs the Sherlock Holmes stories of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle for a rich store of imperial themes. Holmess London was made up of two empires, “a good one associated with England and personified by two English types, the
44、 brilliant amateur detective and his dogged amanuensis; and an evil one associated with criminality, often of non-European origin“. At the beginning of “A Study in Scarlet“, he describes the city as “London, that great cesspool into which all the loungers and idlers of the Empire are irresistibly dr
45、ained.“A century on, the attitudes expressed by Conan Doyle are self-evidently racist. Indeed racism was central to the imperial adventure. Should you judge by the standards prevailing then or by the more enlightened ones of today? Indeed, is it the historians job to judge in this sense at all? In t
46、his rich and original study, Mr. Schneer sometimes shows a touch more indignation than needed in denouncing racism and sexism in a society that was still to learn better.（分数：5.00）(1).The word “benighted“ (Line 2, Paragraph 2) probably means（分数：1.00）A.dark.B.ignorant.C.benign.D.violent.(2).The countr
47、y gave itself the responsibility to（分数：1.00）A.protect the interests of businessmen and financiers in the colonies.B.implement policies made by statesmen, aristocrats and capitalists.C.take advantage of the opportunities and profit from them.D.civilize Africa and the East and take their wealth home in return.(3).Which of the following brought trade unions into existence?（分数：1.00）A.Docke
