1、公共英语五级-26(无听力原文)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Talk 1(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Choose the best answer. （分数：4.00）(1).The very essence of a capitalist economy is that _.（分数：1.00）A.the economic system works on its own without being intervened by governmentB.government still plays an important
2、role in making economic decisionsC.individuals are the decision makers of national affairsD.individuals benefit from wisely using their labour and spending their money(2).The supreme goal that firms providing goods and services pursue is _.（分数：1.00）A.wider range of goods and services to please consu
3、mersB.the highest profitC.innovationD.reallocation of resources(3).According to the expert, the inequality of wealth in a society stems from the fact that _.（分数：1.00）A.consumers are overwhelmingly powerful in the economyB.individuals“ purchasing power is unequalC.individuals differ from one another
4、in capabilityD.different jobs create different values in terms of profit(4)._ is the solution to the problem of poverty in large cities and towns.（分数：1.00）A.Government welfareB.Restrictions on migrationC.More jobs for migrants from countrysideD.Population control三、Talk 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)（分数：10.00）(1)
5、.Complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN three words 1 of American women of working age have a paid job now.（分数：1.00）(2).In 1 and 2, less than half of jobs are taken by women.（分数：1.00）(3).In developed world, female employment grows because the types of jobs demanding no 1 expanded.（分数：1.0
6、0）(4).In Asian countries, 1 are two industries in which female employment rate has reached 6080%.（分数：1.00）(5).Answer the following questions by circling TRUE or FALSE. The more paid work women do, the less valuable the unpaid housework is.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(6).Paid nannies and cleaners employed by wo
7、rking women contribute to an increased female paid employment.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(7).It appears that in the developed world, women actually produce more than men do.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(8).Choose the best answer. Women“s image in the global marketplace has changed in that they are -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.worker
8、sB.household purchasersC.decision makersD.homemakers(9).Kathy Matsui“s study -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.includes statistics about companies all over the worldB.covers every field in which women are involvedC.has been conducted for at least 10 yearsD.suggests that Goldman Sachs makes big money from stock marke
9、t(10).In the future, women“s share of the workforce will -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.stop to grow completelyB.increase steadilyC.be promisingD.increase in certain areas四、Passage(总题数：1，分数：12.00)Retailers“ Ethical PolicyGrowing corporate interest in ethics may be explained by emerging contemporary issues such as
10、 bio-ethics, pollution control, and environmental awareness. The ethical wave has not bypassed the retailing sector and the number of retailers committed to “fair trade“ is increasing. Specific ethical actions such as good social conduct codes or the rollout of the so-called ethical standard, SA 800
11、0 (Carrefour-Promod), are spreading. Retailers have also defined new job positions such as Executive Manager for the Environment, Import and Social Ethics Manager, or Sustainable Development Manager. Of course, retailers“ ethical concern is enmeshed with ulterior motives because of the huge stakes i
12、nvolved. Various consumer studies actually show that if a company were to seriously default on its social and environmental obligations, 62.7% of French consumers would be prepared to shun the purchase of its products and 51.2% would support a boycott. Against the backdrop of increasingly tough comp
13、etition among retailers, the growing number of scandals and incidents of professional misconduct have also generated deepseated consumer mistrust. Thus, the retailers having suffered the hardest hit by the crisis of confidence erosion have been gradually prompted to revise their business concepts. T
14、hey now have to forge close ties with consumers to regain their trust. From this standpoint, ethics is an integral part of the development of a durable relationship between companies and their customers and is an inescapable approach for retailers as well. The Place of Ethics in Business Business“ r
15、ecent interest in the concept of ethics was first triggered by “in-house reasons,“ i.e., globalization and various corporate takeovers weakened corporate culture, and specifically led to the loss of collective bearings. The outside factor of deregulation forced companies to question their values. A
16、company needs to create a common cultural reference and to clarify values, and also to guide or deliberately control employee behaviors. A company will justify any acts or decisions according to moral standards and values. This translates into a formalization of ethics through ethical codes or ethic
17、s committees. However, external reasons, such as the pressure of the sociopolitical environment, also explain the ethical approach to business. Mass consumer culture has made way for a more demanding, aesthetic and cultural consumerism. Consumers do not only take into account the material aspects of
18、 the products they purchase, but also their symbolic and cultural quality. The new attitude toward consumerism is defined by the search for a social identity. Thus, the formalization of ethics fosters relations with shareholders while conveying a serious, quality image to consumers. The rollout of a
19、n ethical policy is sometimes a sincere, albeit opportunistic, reaction of businesses to prevent conflicts, or to deploy conflict risk management. As companies operate within a competitive world where trade battles are won in the field of corporate image, their ethical strategies become instruments
20、extending their power and adding value to the brand. The ethical discourse enhances the brand with an axiological content. This is a good way of avoiding the trivialization of the corporate discourse and of building a bulwark against the competition. Reasons for Integrating Ethics While retailers ca
21、nnot evade the ethical pressures on companies, they are also in a difficult position as brokers between vendors and consumers. Nevertheless, retailers would like to assert themselves as companies in their own right. They are no longer working to convey the image of their suppliers“ products but are
22、seeking to forge their own image and establish their position with regard to their competitors. For instance, aside from the banner store supply, a retailer will also offer a product supply to consumers as a means of differentiating itself from rival businesses and of strengthening consumers“ percei
23、ved image of the retailer. According to J. Gulbert, who is in charge of the Carrefour advertising budget at BETC Euro RSCG, “The notion of responsibility has become an engine that drives in-store attendance in the same way as low prices do. Carrefour had not thought of communicating on this topic; w
24、e suggested it.“ “A business discourse can no longer be called such if it does not include either a societal or environmental scope,“ adds Sylvie Cole, Advertising Executive at Carrefour. Retailers build their image in much the same way as companies do. This is because the former are often faced wit
25、h a conflict between satisfying consumers-to whom retailers would like to offer a wider variety of products at competitive prices-and vendors, reputedly being forced into bankruptcy because of retailers“ purchasing policies. Furthermore, consumers“ perceived image of the retailer stems from the beha
26、vior identified with the store. Consumers satisfied with the quality of the goods and services of the store have a favorable image while dissatisfied consumers form a negative image. Recent research confirms these, albeit old, study findings and shows that consumers will tolerate non-ethical behavio
27、r as long as they believe that their investments and income remain the same. Once consumers think that this is no longer the case, they will react either by complaining or by changing suppliers. That is why a retailer“s communication aimed at improving its image may trigger favorable attitudes and s
28、pur in-store attendance. The promotion of ethics thus becomes a way for retailers to improve a still negative image. Comprehension（分数：12.00）(1).Choose the best answer. Ethical trend in business world -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.manifests itself in issues such as bio-ethic, pollution control and environment awa
29、renessB.leads to more “fair trade“ practices in retailersC.helps form a higher ethical standards for a societyD.creates more job opportunities(2).The consequences of absence of ethical approach in a company may include -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.a great loss of purchasers of it“s productsB.a drop in its produ
30、ctivity by 51.2%C.tougher competitionD.success in generating consumers“ trust(3).The revised business concepts involve -|_|-.（分数：1.00）A.a closer look at company-consumer relationshipB.attempts to be trustworthy for consumersC.a new perception from the standpoint of consumersD.the notion that ethics
31、could improve the relationship between consumers and retailers(4).Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN three words. What are the two things necessary for a company to build up it“s concept of ethics?（分数：1.00）_(5).What means could a company use to justify it“s decisions according to m
32、oral standards and values?（分数：1.00）_(6).What are the three qualities about products a consumer would consider when he is buying them?（分数：1.00）_(7).What enables companies to win in competition?（分数：1.00）_(8).Complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN three words for each blank. Under the ethic
33、al pressures, retailers would like to play not only the role of a bridge between companies and customers but also that of 1 by themselves.（分数：1.00）(9).Apart from the notion of responsibility, 1 can also help attract more consumers to stores.（分数：1.00）(10). 1 has to be taken into account in a more com
34、prehensive idea of business.（分数：1.00）(11).It“s said that 1 may drive vendors into failure in business.（分数：1.00）(12).A positive image of a retailer comes from satisfying quality of both 1.（分数：1.00）五、Part (总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Exercise 1 Use of En(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Brain TeasingIn the early industrial age, me
35、n in white coats would walk around factories with watches and clipboards measuring the time it took workers to perform specific tasks. These “time-and-motion“ experts set out to 1 labour productivity, and thence to improve it. The sort of jobs they were measuring, however, 2 longer enjoy such a prem
36、ium in the places 3 they measured them: less than 10% of today“s jobs in America are in manufacturing, and less than 15% of 4 in Britain. Workers of the western world are now employed largely in service industries, where they are paid 5 their brain rather than their brawn. Many of them can be called
37、 “knowledge workers“between a quarter and a half. Knowledge workers are those whose primary tasks 6 the manipulation of knowledge and information. These people are the creators of 7 in western economies today, yet 8 anybody is measuring their output and seeking ways to 9 it. Somebody should. Finding
38、 ways to improve the productivity of knowledge workers is one of the most important economic 10 of our time. Management“s 11 role is to make knowledge more 12 . Little has happened in the intervening time, partly 13 this is not an 14 task. There are no time-and-motion 15 that can measure how many th
39、oughts go 16 knowledge workers“ heads or the value of their creative 17 . Does that therefore mean that companies must (as most of them have until now) leave these valuable assets entirely to their 18 devices, to work as each of them sees fit 19 they, their employers, merely stand and wait? The answ
40、er to this question does not have to be 20 . Some companies have tried to make their knowledge workers more productive. By looking at the ways in which different workers use knowledge, we could build a framework within which companies can start thinking about how to make the process more productive.
41、（分数：40.00）七、Exercise 2 Speaking(总题数：1，分数：10.00)1.Topic: Housing problem Many people in big cities in China complain that housing has become prohibitively expensive. That leaves many people living in those cities in difficult situation. What do you think can be done to solve the problem? Choose three
42、 from the list and discuss why. You may add your own ideas that are not listed here. ? regulate the practices of real estate agencies ? encourage people to rent houses ? restrict purchases of houses by those who are not the residents of the city in question ? prohibit the selling of houses before th
43、ey are ready for living ? withdraw the limitation on land supply ? make policies favoring the construction of economically affordable houses （分数：10.00）_八、Exercise 3 Writing(总题数：1，分数：24.00)2.You are expected to write at least 250 words about the following topic. Some people suggest that globalization
44、 would largely promote the economic development of poor countries with the reallocation of investment and resources. But some others argue that it would put the economy of poor countries at great risk since super powers would take control over those countries and hence the collapse of their economy.
45、 What“s your opinion on that? （分数：24.00）_公共英语五级-26(无听力原文)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Talk 1(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Choose the best answer. （分数：4.00）(1).The very essence of a capitalist economy is that _.（分数：1.00）A.the economic system works on its own without being intervened by governme
46、nt B.government still plays an important role in making economic decisionsC.individuals are the decision makers of national affairsD.individuals benefit from wisely using their labour and spending their money解析：(2).The supreme goal that firms providing goods and services pursue is _.（分数：1.00）A.wider
47、 range of goods and services to please consumersB.the highest profit C.innovationD.reallocation of resources解析：(3).According to the expert, the inequality of wealth in a society stems from the fact that _.（分数：1.00）A.consumers are overwhelmingly powerful in the economyB.individuals“ purchasing power is unequalC.individuals differ from one another in capability D.different jobs create different values in terms of profit解析：(4)._ is the solution to the problem of poverty in large cities and towns.（分数：1.00）A.Government welfare
