1、公共英语五级-27 及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Liste(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BPart A/BI You will hear an introduction to Florence Nightingale. As you listen, answer Questions 1 to 10 by circling True or False. You will hear the conversation ONLYONCE.B You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1 to 10./B/I（分数：
2、10.00）(1).Florence Nightingale was from a noble family.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(2).Her parents didnt want her to be a nurse because the pay was low.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(3).Florence failed to get a chance to train herself to be a nurse at first.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(4).Her mother was more willing to accept her car
3、eer.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(5).Florence first started her formal career abroad.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(6).Service in hospitals was poor at that time though equipment was good.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(7).The work of Florence was effective from the very beginning.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(8).Florence devoted all her time on the
4、 care of the iii and wounded.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(9).Honours had been intended on Florence.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(10).Florence spent her last years in loneliness and poor health.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误二、BPart B/B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)BI Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following talk on hygiene. You now have 15 seco
5、nds to read Questions 11 to 13./I/B（分数：3.00）(1).What would happen if you misuse your eyes?（分数：1.00）A.You may feel uncomfortable in various ways.B.You may have to wear glasses.C.You can let your eyes rest for a while.D.You can go and see a doctor.,(2).What is said about the best distance between a bo
6、ok and our eyes when reading?（分数：1.00）A.It is 14 inches.B.It is hard to figure out.C.It varies from person to person.D.It depends on lighting conditions.(3).What is the talk mainly about?（分数：1.00）A.Good reading skills.B.Diseases related to eyes.C.Health guides for students.D.Proper eye-use in readin
7、g.BI Questions 14 to 16 are based on an interview about planning to picnic. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 to 16./B/I（分数：3.00）(1).What are the speakers trying to do?（分数：1.00）A.Visit the new restaurant.B.Watch a parade.C.Have a picnic.D.Go to the beach.(2).How does the man feel about th
8、e rain?（分数：1.00）A.Excited.B.Confused.C.Afraid.D.Surprised.(3).What will the speakers probably do next?（分数：1.00）A.Go home.B.Go to a restaurant.C.Unpack the car.D.Put a dry blanket under the tree.IB Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following monologue about energy conservation. You now have 20 .sec
9、onds to read Questions 17 to 20./I/B（分数：4.00）(1).What is the main topic of this lecture?（分数：1.00）A.Bicycles and cars.B.Building codes.C.Energy conservation.D.New housing construction.(2).Why is insulation required in new houses?（分数：1.00）A.To limit discussion on heating bills.B.To prevent heat loss.C
10、.To determine the temperature in homes.D.To convert homes to electric heat.(3).What is the purpose of building new houses facing north or south?（分数：1.00）A.To avoid direct sunlight.B.To limit space used.C.To keep out the cold.D.To conform to other houses.(4).What has the city of Davis provided for bi
11、cycle riders?（分数：1.00）A.Special paths.B.Resurfaced highways.C.More parking space.D.Better street lighting.三、BPart C/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)（分数：10.00）(1).Where would he stay after his scholarship year in London was over?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Whom would he not fight for in the war?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).What wou
12、ld he rather not do by saying that he was not a political animal?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).What would he prefer to take away from his parents?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Where was his mothers family?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Why did Ludwigs parents visit England before they emigrated to America?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).What
13、 nationality was young Ludwig?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).What languages could his parents speak?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).What was he?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).Whom did he disappoint so much that he felt guilty about it?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Hotels wereU (31) /Uthe earliest facilitiesU (32)
14、/Ubound the United States together. They were both creatures and creators of communities, asU (33) /Uas symptoms of the frenetic quest for communities. U(34) /Uin the first part of the nineteenth century, Americans were already forming theU (35) /Uof gathering from all corners of the nation for both
15、 public andU (36) /Ubusiness and pleasure purposes. Conventions were the new occasions, and hotels were distinctively American facilitiesU (37) /Uconventions possible. The first national convention of a major party to choose aU (38) /Ufor President (that of the Clay for President) was held in Baltim
16、ore, at a hotel that was then reputed to be the best in the country. The presence in BaltimoreU (39) /UBarnums City Hotel, a six-storey building with two hundred apartments, helps explainU (40) /Umany other early national political conventions were held there.In the long run, too, American hotels ma
17、de other. national conventions not only possibleU (41) /U pleasant. The growing custom of regularly assemblingU (42) /Uafar the representatives of all kinds of groups not only for political conventions, but also for commercial, professional, learned, and avocationalU (43) /UinU (44) /Usupported the
18、multiplying hotels. By mid-twentieth century, conventions accountedU (45) /Uover a third of the yearly room occupancy of allU (46) /Uin the nation, about eighteen thousand different conventions were held annuallyU (47) /Ua total attendance of about ten million persons.Nineteenth-century American hot
19、elkeepers, U(48) /Uwere no longer the genial, deferential “hosts“ of the eighteenth-century European inn, became leading citizens. Holding a large stake in the community, they exercised power to makeU (49) /Uprosper. As owners or managers of the local “palace of the public“, they were makers and sha
20、pers of a principal community attraction. Travelers fromU (50) /Uwere mildly shocked by this high social position.（分数：20.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、BSection Readi(总题数：3，
21、分数：15.00)BText 1/BPresent-day philosophers usually envision their discipline as an endeavor that has been, since antiquity, distinct from and superior to any particular intellectual discipline, such as theology or science. Such philosophical concerns as the mind-body problem or, more generally, the
22、nature of human knowledge, they believe, are basic human questions whose tentative philosophical solutions have served as the necessary foundations on which all other intellectual speculation has rested.The basis for this view, however, lies in a serious misinterpretation of the past, a projection o
23、f modern concerns onto past events. The idea of an autonomous discipline called “philosophy“, distinct from and sitting in judgement on such pursuits as theology and science turns out, on close examination, to be of quite recent origin. When, in the seventeenth century, Descartes and Hobbes rejected
24、 medieval philosophy, they did not think of themselves, as modern philosophers do, as proposing a new and better philosophy, but rather as furthering “the warfare between science and theology“. They were fighting, albeit discreetly, to open the intellectual world to the new science and to liberate i
25、ntellectual life from ecclesiastical philosophy, and envisioned their work as contributing to the growth, not of philosophy, but of research in mathematics and physics. This link between philosophical interests and scientific practice persisted until the nineteenth century, when decline in ecclesias
26、tical power over scholarship and changes in the nature of science provoked the final-separation of philosophy from both.The demarcation of philosophy from science was facilitated by the development in the early nineteenth century of a new notion, that philosophys core interest should be epistemology
27、, the general explanation of what it means to know something. Modern philosophers now trace that notion back at least to Descartes and Spinoza, but it was not explicitly articulated until the late eighteenth century, by Kant, and did not become built into the structure of academic institutions and t
28、he standard self-descriptions of philosophy professors until the late nineteenth century. Without the idea of epistemology, the survival of philosophy in an age of modern science is hard to imagine. Metaphysics philosophys traditional core considered as the most general description of how the heaven
29、s and the earth are put together had been rendered almost completely meaningless by the spectacular progress of physics. Kant, however, by focusing philosophy on the problem of knowledge, managed to replace metaphysics with epistemology, and thus to transform the notion of philosophy as “queen of sc
30、iences“ into the new notion of philosophy as a separate, foundational discipline. Philosophy became “primary“ no longer in the sense of “highest“ but in the sense of “underlying“. After Kant, philosophers were able to reinterpret seventeenth and eighteenth century thinkers as attempting to discover
31、“How is our knowledge possible?“ and to project this question back even on the ancients.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following best expresses the authors main point?（分数：1.00）A.Philosophys overriding interest in basic human question is a legacy primarily of the work of Kant.B.Philosophy was deeply invol
32、ved in the seventeenth-century warfare between science and religion.C.The set of problems of primary importance to philosophers has remained relatively constant since antiquity.D.The status of philosophy as an independent intellectual pursuit is a relatively recent development.(2).According to the p
33、assage, present-day philosophers believe that the mind-body problem is an issue that _ .（分数：1.00）A.has implications primarily for philosophersB.may be affected by recent advances in scienceC.has little relevance to present-day philosophyD.has Served as a basis for intellectual speculation since anti
34、quity(3).According to the author, philosophy became distinct from science and theology during the _ .（分数：1.00）A.ancient periodB.medieval periodC.seventeenth centuryD.nineteenth century(4).Which of the following does the author of the passage imply in discussing the development of philosophy during t
35、he nineteenth century?（分数：1.00）A.Nineteenth century philospohy took science as its model for understanding the bases of knowledge.B.The role of academic institutions in shaping metaphysical philosophy grew enormously during the nineteenth century.C.Nineteenth century philosophers carried out a progr
36、am of investigation explicitly laid out by Descartes and Spinoza.D.Kan had an overwhelming impact on the direction of nineteenth century philosophy.(5).The primary function of the passage as a whole is to _ .（分数：1.00）A.compare two competing modelsB.analyze a difficult theoryC.present new evidence fo
37、r a theoryD.correct an erroneous belief by describing its originsBText 2/BIn a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employer government or private should have little or no impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. However, if there is discrimination against one sex,
38、it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be the same. Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely t
39、hat discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus, one would expect that, if women are being discriminated against, government employment would have a positive effect on womens earnings as compared with their earnings from private employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support this
40、 assumption. Fuchs results suggest that the earnings of women in an industry composed entirely of government employees would be 14.6 percent greater than the earnings of women in an industry composed exclusively of private employees, other things being equal.In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have
41、suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either government or private employer discrimination on the earnings of women employees. To test this hypothesis, Brown selected a large sample of white male and female w
42、orkers from the 1970 census and divided them into three categories: private employees, government employees, and self-employed. (Black workers were excluded from the sample to avoid picking up earnings differentials that were the result of racial disparities.) Browns research design controlled for e
43、ducation, labor force participation, mobility, motivation, and age in order to eliminate these factors as explanations of the studys results. Browns results suggest that men and women are not treated the same by employers and consumers. For men, self-employment is the highest earnings category, with
44、 private employment next, and government lowest. For women, this order is reversed.One can infer from Browns results that consumers discriminate against self-employed women. In addition, self-employed women may have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter discrimination
45、from suppliers and from financial institutions.Browns results are clearly consistent with Fuchs argument that discrimination by consumers has a greater impact on the earnings of women than does discrimination by either government or private employers. Also, the fact the women do better working for g
46、overnment than for private employers implies that private employers are discriminating against women. The results do not prove that government does not discriminate against women. They do, however, demonstrate that if government is discriminating against women, its discriminating is not having as mu
47、ch effect on womens earnings as is discrimination in the private sector.（分数：5.00）(1).The passage mentions all of the following as difficulties that self-employed women may encounter EXCEPT _ .（分数：1.00）A.discrimination from consumers and suppliersB.discrimination from financial institutionsC.problems in obtaining good employeesD.problems in obtaining governm
