1、公共英语五级-5 及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Liste(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BPart A/BI You will hear a high school teacher talking about her class activity “Celebrity Interview Project“. As you listen, answer Questions 1 to 10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE.Questions 1 to 10:/I（
2、分数：10.00）(1).Gary Marshall of Grand Island is experienced in teaching.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(2).At the beginning of the Celebrity Interview Project, the teacher wrote to ask childrens parents to choose role models for their kids.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(3).A media expert also helped the children with their proj
3、ect.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(4).The students are asked to hand in their project drafts after three weeks preparation.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(5).Most celebrities gave responses to the children by answering the 20 questions they asked.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(6).Children are too excited to share with their classmates the
4、 correspondence they got from their stars.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(7).One of the obstacles in the project is that children set new standards for themselves.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(8).Sometimes children encounter technical problems with the computer.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(9).The teacher will continue to do the project
5、 in spite of file heavy work load.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(10).The teacher doesnt think much of some interviews as they are about those stars she doesnt like,（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误二、BPart B/B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)B Questions 11 to 13 are based on an interview between a radio hostess and a botanist about his research
6、field. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 to 13./B（分数：3.00）(1).Why Peru and Mall are chosen for the research?（分数：1.00）A.They are identical in geography.B.They are different in geography.C.They are far apart.D.They are close to each other.(2).Which one of the following diseases is NOT menti
7、oned in the talk?（分数：1.00）A.Diabetes.B.Tuberculosis.C.Malaria.D.Eczema.(3).What is the interviewee doing for his research for the moment?（分数：1.00）A.Looking for an active ingredient in the plants.B.Turning effective compounds.C.Grouping compounds in the plants.D.Testing on the crude extracts of the p
8、lants.B Questions 14 to 16 are based on a talk on pruritus, so called “severe itching“why and how body parts itch. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 to 16./B（分数：3.00）(1).What is the positive side of pruritus?（分数：1.00）A.It arises from the irritation of skin cells or nerve cells.B.It can be
9、 an unbearable nuisance.C.It is a dominant symptom of many skin diseases.D.It serves as a sensory and self-protective mechanism.(2).What in a human body generates a scratching or rubbing?（分数：1.00）A.C-fibers.B.Brain.C.Nerve.D.Spinal cord.(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an itching-suppr
10、essing agent?（分数：1.00）A.Antihistamines.B.Aspirin.C.Cologne.D.Ultraviolet light therapy.B Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following interview with Tom Kenney, the managing editor for multimedia at Washingtonpost Newsweek Interactive about WashingtonPost. com. You now have 20 seconds to read Quest
11、ions 17 to 20./B（分数：4.00）(1).When did the WashingtonPost. com get into the video news business?（分数：1.00）A.1988.B.1989.C.1998.D.1999.(2).Which one of the following is NOT viewed by the managing editor as competition in the market?（分数：1.00）A.Magazines.B.Television.C.Newspaper.D.Audience.(3).What aspec
12、t of WashingtonPost. com has been depreciated?（分数：1.00）A.Narrative storytelling.B.Visual and editing technique.C.Documentary photography.D.Time and attention of audience.(4).What advice does the manager give to those who are scared of unemployment?（分数：1.00）A.Learn more skills.B.Play new tricks.C.Be
13、more scrupulous.D.Abandon the profession.三、BPart C/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)（分数：10.00）(1).What is causing global warming according to Dr. Patz?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Who are experiencing the most impacts from climate change?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).What diseases are highly sensitive to climatic conditions?（分数：1.00）
14、填空项 1:_(4).Apart from flooding and diarrhea, World Health Organization also observed 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Between 1970 and 2000, 1 people are estimated killed from warming every year.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Whats unique about Patzs paper is that the figures are from 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The United Sta
15、tes produced 1 times the global average CO2(下标) emissions per person every year.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).70 to 80 percent of the worlds malaria is in 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).What is the important issue Dr. Patz brought up in his paper?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).What does Dr. Patz comment on the opinion that indu
16、strialized nations are immune to global warming problems?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Chocolate is not a great source of nutrients, but theres no harm in eating a moderate amount, especially the dark variety, U(31) /Ucontains some of the same disease-fighting antioxidants as red w
17、ine, fruits and vegetables.In fact, a 40-gramU (32) /Uof dark chocolate offers about the same amount of antioxidant protectionU (33) /Ua 150-ml glass of dry red wine.Thirty grams of solid chocolate contains about 150 calories and 2 or 3 grams of protein. The original bean has significantU (34) /Uof
18、vitamin E and B vitamins. These nutrients, U(35) /Uare so diluted as to be negligible in modern processed chocolate. Sweet or semisweet chocolateU (36) /Ubetween 40 and 53 percent fat, or cocoa butter. U(37) /Uchocolate and cocoa powder supply chromium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium, bu
19、tU (38) /Uof the high fat and calories, youre best to get these minerals fromU (39) /Usources.EverU (40) /Uwhy you suddenly crave the rich, sweet taste of chocolate?Well, the scientific answer is that chocolate contains two stimulants, theobromine and caffeine. Theobromine, U(41) /Ucaffeine, does no
20、tU (42) /Uthe central nervous system but has a mainly diuretic effect. Most chocolate products contain no moreU (43) /Uabout 0.1 percent caffeine and are much lessU (44) /Uthan a cup of decaffeinated coffee. Unsweetened baking chocolate is aU (45) /Umore concentratedU (46) /Uof caffeine.Some people
21、have a tendency toU (47) /Uthemselves in chocolate after emotional upset, as it can be a mood elevator. While theres noU (48) /Ubasis for this behavior, psychiatrists have theorized that “chocoholics“ may be peopleU (49) /Uhave a faulty mechanism for regulating their body levels of phenylethylamine.
22、 And every woman knows thatU (50) /Ucravings can be tied to those monthly hormonal changes.（分数：20.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、BSection Readi(总题数：3，分数：15.00)BText 1/BPeopl
23、e who are extremely careful and “finish what they start“ may have a reduced risk of developing Alzheimers disease, according to a study involving Catholic nuns and priests.The most conscientious and self-disciplined individuals were found to be 89% less likely to develop this form of dementiadeterio
24、ration of intellectual faculties, such as memory, concentration, and judgment, resulting from an organic disease or a disorder of the brainthan their peers over the course of the 12-year study.Robert Wilson at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, Illinois, US, and colleagues followed 997 healt
25、hy Catholic nuns, priests and Christian brothers between 1994 and 2006. Early on in the study, participants completed a personality test to determine how conscientious they were.Based on answers to 12 questions such as “I am a productive person who always gets the job done“, they received a score ra
26、nging from 0 to 48. On average, volunteers scored 34 points in the test.Volunteers also underwent regular neurological examinations and cognitive tests. Over the lifetime of the study, 176 of the 997 participants developed Alzheimers disease. However, those with the highest score on the personality
27、test40 points or abovehad an 89% lower chance of developing the debilitating condition than participants who received 28 points or lower.“These are people who control impulses, and tend to follow norms and roles,“ Wilson told New Scientist.Previous studies suggest that exercise and intellectual stim
28、ulation can decrease the risk of Alzheimers disease. But the link between self-discipline and a reduced risk of the illness remained strong even after researchers discounted these factors from their study. Subjects still had a 54% lower chance of developing the condition.Exactly why conscientiousnes
29、s should have an impact on Alzheimers risk remains unclear, says Wilson. He notes that brain autopsies conducted on 324 of the studys participants failed to resolve the mystery.Earlier work has linked the presence of plaques and protein tangles within the brain to Alzheimer. Yet, in general, the bra
30、ins of those who scored highly on the conscientiousness test had as many plaques and protein tangles as those of subjects who scored lower.Wilson suggests that more careful and conscientious individuals may have more active frontal brain regions, an area that is responsible for decision-making and p
31、lanning. Increased activity in this region may perhaps compensate for a decline in function in other brain regions, he speculates. Based on the new findings, doctors could perhaps consider certain patients at greater risk of dementia, says Ross Andel at the University of South Florida, US. “This is
32、a study about identifying people at risk,“ he says.（分数：5.00）(1).How did the study evaluate every participants sense of responsibility?（分数：1.00）A.Through a 12-year observation.B.On a neurological examination.C.By a cognitive test.D.By asking a group of questions.(2).Previous studies suggest（分数：1.00）A
33、.links between physical exercises and Alzheimer.B.links between brain plaque and Alzheimer.C.links between brain autopsies and Alzheimer.D.links between self-discipline and Alzheimer.(3).Which one of the following is NOT true about Robert Wilson at Rush University?（分数：1.00）A.He and his co-workers fo
34、llowed 997 healthy Catholic nuns, priests and Christian brothers within 12 years.B.He hasnt yet found out the underlying reasons why conscientiousness has an impact on Alzheimers risk.C.He suggests that people with more active frontal brain regions are more careful and conscientious.D.He thinks that
35、 increased activity in frontal brain regions may compensate for a decline in function in other brain regions.(4).This study aims to（分数：1.00）A.help Catholic nuns and priests fight against Alzheimer.B.explore the possible causes of dementias risk.C.find out who are at risk of developing a form of deme
36、ntia.D.determine the effects of the presence of brain plaques.(5).According to the study, which one of the personalities below is more closely related to Alzheimers disease?（分数：1.00）A.Scrupulousness.B.Optimism.C.Responsibleness.D.Spontaneousness.BText 2/BThe linear flight formations of migratory bir
37、ds are called echelons. The V and the J structures are typical and are the most readily recognized flock echelons, but other variations also occur. Studies of several species have shown that a true V-shaped echelon is, in fact, less common than a J formation is.There are two well-supported and compl
38、ementary explanations for why birds fly in formation. One is to conserve energy by taking advantage of the upward vortex fields created by the wings of the birds in front. The other is to facilitate orientation and communication among the birds. These explanations are not mutually exclusive, and bot
39、h have been backed by a variety of studies. The relative importance of each undoubtedly shifts as various factors, such as the season of the year or the purpose of individual flights, change. During local feeding flights, for example, energy conservation is probably much less important than careful
40、orientation and collision avoidance are. During long-distance migration, orientation and communication remain necessary, but there is also much to be gained for each bird in the flock by optimizing its position to conserve energy.Fluid dynamics and energy wave configuration calculations have been us
41、ed to test predictions of where birds should position themselves in relation to others to conserve the most energy as they travel through the air. Analyses of flock formations using photography have measured bird positions and found them to almost always be located such that they gain some energetic
42、 advantage. The animals are not very often in the expected optimal location, however, indicating that other factors also influence position in the formation.Knowledge of birds visual axes, “blind spots“ and field of vision has allowed researchers to pinpoint the best locations for birds within a flo
43、ck to maintain optimal visual positioning. Actual positions of the animals are usually positively related to these predictions but are, again, not always optimal. Studies have categorized the positions of birds and found that some individuals take positions that are most closely predicted to satisfy
44、 the energy conservation hypothesis; others are in better visual contact positions; and still others are not apparently responding to either benefit or are in a position that should gain some advantage from both benefits.The leaders of formations change from time to time, but the causes, frequency a
45、nd characteristics of these changes have not yet been determined. Sustained observation from the ground of flocks covering great distances in the air is very difficult. There are plenty of intuitive predictions about leader choice that quickly come to mind relative to the age, experience, sex, condi
46、tion and social status of the leaders, but researchers have not figured out how to overcome the prohibitive logistic issues to test them. Some scientists have trained birds to fly in formation with small aircraft; perhaps their experiences will yield opportunities to test these ideas.（分数：5.00）(1).Mi
47、gratory birds fly in formation to（分数：1.00）A.conserve energy.B.help orientation.C.facilitate communication.D.All Above.(2).The word “each“ in the 5th sentence of the second paragraph refers to（分数：1.00）A.formation.B.study.C.factor.D.explanation.(3).How do the researchers test predictions of where birds should position themselves in their echelon to conserve energy?（分数：1.00）A.Using the energy conservation hypothe
