1、公共英语五级-Job+and+Occupation 及答案解析(总分：113.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 1(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part (总题数：3，分数：11.00)Questions 1-3 Choose the best answer.（分数：3.00）(1).The word integrity is more about _.（分数：1.00）A.the consistency of ones behaviors in the workplaceB.the positive attitude toward ones work under direct s
2、upervisionC.the workplace productivityD.ones reputation in the society(2).One strong indicator of integrity is _.（分数：1.00）A.working out documents by the deadlinesB.to do what one would like to doC.the combination of resolution and the ability to fulfill itD.to meet the required standard in the workp
3、lace(3).Which of the following statements about ethics is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.It is closely related to integrity.B.It may determine ones place in the workplace.C.It may have something to do with ones fulfillment in life.D.It is largely need-driven.Questions 4-7 Answer the following questions by usin
4、g NO MORE THAN three words.（分数：4.00）(1).What are the things that human beings have never stopped pursuing?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).What are the reasons why those great figures in history would never fade away with time?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).What can prove our existence in this world after we have passed aw
5、ay?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).What can we do to die without being forgotten?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Questions 8-11 Complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN three words for each blank.（分数：4.00）(1).Ones character can be reflected in the way he 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Only those who are 1 can make good use of
6、 their time when they are ahead of their schedule.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).When in 1, we can further explore our potential.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Old files may have a lot of 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、Part (总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Exercise 1 Use of En(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Karoshi - Worked to DeathJapans rise from the devastatio
7、n of World War to economic prominence between 1945 and 1975 was not without human cost. People cannot work for ten or twelve hours a day six and seven days a week, year after year, (1) suffering physically as well as mentally.But during the first three postwar decades no one (2) any special attentio
8、n to the (3) than usual number of men in their 40s and 50s who died of brain and heart ailments, most often (4) acute cardiac insufficiency and subarachnoid hemorrhage.It was not (5) the latter part of the 1980s, when several high-ranking business executives who were still in their prime (6) suddenl
9、y died without any previous (7) of illness, that the news media began picking up on what appeared to be a new (8) .This new phenomenon was quickly labeled karoshi, (9) “death from overwork“, and once it had a (10) and its symptoms were broadcast far and wide, it quickly became obvious that (11) was
10、experiencing a virtual epidemic.According to Labor Ministry (12) there had been only twenty-one cases of (13) in 1987, twenty-nine cases in 1988 and thirty cases in 1989. But a liaison council of attorneys established in 1988 to monitor (14) from overwork estimated in 1990 that over 10,000 people we
11、re (15) each year from karoshi.Most of the (16) of death from overwork had been putting in more than one hundred hours of overtime each. The victims did not receive (17) overtime pay for their (18) work. After years of such intense overwork, most of them find that they cannot rest even when they do
12、take time (19) . They are (20) wound up that not working leaves them disoriented and suffering from serious stress.（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、Exercise 2 Speaking(总题数：1，分数：5.00
13、)1.be a continuous learnerbe adaptable to work environmentamiable personalityenthusiasmsocial contactsadvanced professional skillsambition（分数：5.00）_六、Exercise 3 Writing(总题数：1，分数：25.00)2.It is highly suggested by many people that China needs to postpone the retirement age, to deal with the aging of t
14、he population. But still many others countered that the problem of unemployment will get worse if the policy is put into practice. What is your opinion on that?（分数：25.00）_七、Unit 2(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Part (总题数：3，分数：12.00)Questions 1-3 Choose the best answer.（分数：3.00）(1).In Europe _.（分数：1.00）A.its partic
15、ularly difficult for those women who are in their progress to senior positionsB.women are kindly treated in enterprises when they are trying to get back to regular job after having kidsC.its a long-established tradition that men and women are equally paidD.its more likely for women to reach high pos
16、itions in government agencies than it is in America(2).The statistics from the paper published by International Labor Organization suggest that _.（分数：1.00）A.Europe is the not the right place for professional women to start their careerB.America leads the charge in the number of women who are high-le
17、vel decision makersC.Sweden sets the model of being a country where men and women are equally treated in the job marketD.among all the countries surveyed, the percentage of career women in Italy is the lowest(3).According to the paper by International Labor Organization, the real challenge European
18、women have is that _.（分数：1.00）A.they cant get substantial help from government in career developmentB.the social attitudes toward them is unfavorableC.the welfare policies there are not satisfactoryD.good intention of government reflected in its welfare policies actually discourage them in career de
19、velopmentQuestions 4-7 Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN three words.（分数：4.00）(1).What effect do European welfare policies have on its female population?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).What do the corporation practices in Europe really mean, which make it difficult for women to get back to fu
20、ll-time job after long absence?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).What is the problem Europe has which undermines its financial stability?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).What remains the main concern in bringing more high-level workers from abroad?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Questions 8-12 Complete the following sentences with NO MORE TH
21、AN three words for each blank.（分数：5.00）(1).Europeans suppose that 1 could help women work and manage their families as well.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Businesses wouldnt want to employ women because they can not work when they are 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).It would be much easier for women to initiate a discri
22、mination case in Europe if it changes its legal system and permits 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The 1 of Europe is more rigid and puts more emphasis on classes.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).In order to take better advantage of its female talent, Europe should learn from the United States and 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_九、Part
23、 (总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Exercise 1 Multiple (总题数：1，分数：10.00)A = ARTICLE 1 B = ARTICLE 2C = ARTICLE 3Which articledifferentiates two different forms of document, both of which give information about the tasks of a role, only that one is more detailed than another?explains what necessitate(s) job analysis?p
24、oints out that job descriptions for organizations of different size could be different?elaborates the preparatory activity of a good job description?states that job descriptions could fail to function as planned unless its carefully worded?indicates that job descriptions can not only commit one to a
25、 role but may also allow him to negotiate with his supervisor about his job responsibilities?observes that efficiency of a small business is largely based on an accurate job analysis?gives the longest list of the functions of job descriptions?defines different terms involved in job description devel
26、opment?says that a proper job analysis and a good job description can protect small business from potential problems?1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _6. _7. _8. _9. _10. _A ARTICLE 1First, lets look at some terms. A job is a collection of tasks and responsibilities that an employee is responsible to conduct. Job
27、s have titles. A task is typically defined as a unit of work, that is, a set of activities needed to produce some result, e.g., vacuuming a carpet, writing a memo, sorting the mail, etc. Complex positions in the organization may include a large number of tasks, which are sometimes referred to as fun
28、ctions. Job descriptions are lists of the general tasks, or functions, and responsibilities of a position. Typically, they also include to whom the position reports, specifications such as the qualifications needed by the person in the job, salary range for the position, etc. Job descriptions are us
29、ually developed by conducting a job analysis, which includes examining the tasks and sequences of tasks necessary to perform the job. The analysis looks at the areas of knowledge and skills needed by the job. Note that a role is the set of responsibilities or expected results associatedwith a job. A
30、 job usually includes several roles.Typically, job descriptions are used especially for advertising to fill an open position, determining compensation and as a basis for performance reviews. Not everyone believes that job descriptions are highly useful. Dr. John Sullivan points out numerous concerns
31、 about job descriptions that many other people have as well, including, e.g., that too often job descriptions are not worded in a manner such that the employees performance can be measured, they end up serving as the basis for evaluation rather than performance, etc.B ARTICLE 2The cornerstone to any
32、 employment decision begins with job analysis. Job analysis is the most basic activity in human resource management. Accurate information on all jobs is necessary to efficiently direct and/or control the operations of a small business. Competition and equal employment opportunity legislation has mad
33、e job analysis a mandatory organizational consideration for small businesses. Because human resources represent the largest cost item for most small businesses, managers must have current and systematized information on all jobs in order to produce products and services efficiently. The myriad of la
34、ws, guidelines, and court decisions concerning equal employment opportunity make job analysis necessary. Small businesses have been quite vulnerable on the issue of discrimination in employment practices. One way to defend employment practices is to conduct job analysis and prepare job descriptions.
35、 Job descriptions are the most visible output from job analysis. Comprehensive job descriptions developed from job analysis are used in selection, training, performance appraisal, and compensation. There are many formats used in preparing job descriptions.Job analysis is an in-depth study of a job a
36、nd provides information for job descriptions. The job analyst will gather information about jobs through interviewing employees, observing performance of certain tasks, asking employees to fill out questionnaires and worksheets, and collecting information about a job from secondary sources such as t
37、he Dictionary of Occupational Titles.The job analyst will write down the results of the analysis and review them with the job incumbent. The documentation is then presented to the incumbents supervisor for review (often the incumbents supervisor is the job analyst). The supervisor may add, delete or
38、 modify duties, knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics. After supervisory approval is obtained, the documentation is forwarded through channels for final approval. A signed and dated job description is then prepared. This job description becomes the official record for this particul
39、ar job.C ARTICLE 3Job descriptions are essential. Job descriptions are required for recruitment so that you and the applicants can understand the role. Job descriptions are necessary for all people in work. A job description defines a persons role and accountability. Without a job description it is
40、not possible for a person to properly commit to, or be held accountable for, a role. As an employee you may have or be given the opportunity to take responsibility for your job description. It allows you to clarify expectations with your employer and your boss.The process of writing job descriptions
41、 is actually quite easy and straight- forward. Many people tend to start off with a list of 2030 tasks, which is okay as a start, but this needs refining to far fewer points, around 812 is the ideal. Smaller organizations commonly require staff and managers to cover a wider or more mixed range of re
42、sponsibilities than in larger organizations (for example, the “office manager“ role can comprise financial, HR, stock-control, scheduling and other duties). Therefore in smaller organisations, job descriptions might necessarily contain a greater number of listed responsibilities, perhaps 1516. Howev
43、er, whatever the circumstances, the number of responsibilities should not exceed this, or the job description becomes unwieldy and ineffective.Any job description containing 2030 tasks is actually more like a part of an operational manual, which serves a different purpose. Job descriptions should re
44、fer to the operational manual, or to “agreed procedures“, rather than include the detail of the tasks in the job description. If you include task detail in a job description you will need to change it when the task detail changes, as it will often do. What would you rather change, 100 job descriptio
45、ns or one operational manual?（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_十一、Exercise 2 Speaking(总题数：1，分数：5.00)3./r/n /r/n aPreparation for job market/r/n What advice would you give to a freshman in a college on how to be better prepared for future job market?/r/n
46、/r/n /r/n /r/n bSuccessful careerWhat do you think are the indicators of a successful career?/r/n /r/n /r/n cMigrant workers/r/n What can be done to help migrant workers to be more competitive in the labor market?/r/n /r/n（分数：5.00）_十二、Exercise 3 Writing(总题数：1，分数：25.00)4.Competition in Chinas job market has becom
