1、上海市中级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟题 6及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、TRANSLATION TEST(总题数：4，分数：100.00)1.Help! I Can“t CopeA friend who had lived in New York during the 1970s was recently here for a brief visit. I asked him what, in this ever- changing city. he found to be most startlingly changed. He thought for a mome
2、nt before answering. “Probably the visible increase in prostitution,“ he replied. My astonishment at this comment was so palpable that he felt obliged to explain. “Haven“t you noticed,“ he asked with surprise, “all these young women standing furtively in doorways? You never used to see that when I w
3、as here.“ I couldn“t resist my laughter. “They“re not prostitutes,“ I clarified. “They“re smokers.“ For indeed they are. Most American office buildings no longer allow smoking on the premises, driving those who can“t resist the urge onto the streets. The sight of them, lounging on “coffee breaks“ ne
4、ar the entrances to their workplace, puffing away, has become ubiquitous. Since most new smokers apparently are women, my friend“s confusion was understandable. And there are more than ever since September 11. Stress is probably better measured anecdotally than statistically. I“m not aware of survey
5、s on this matter, but anyone living in New York these days has stories of friends who, amid the scares of 9-11 and its aftermath, have sought solace in cigarettes. I used to go to a gym in the Metlife Building over Grand Central Terminal. Some days so many people stood outside, tensely smoking, that
6、 I assumed an evacuation had just been ordered. At least three friends who“d given up tobacco have lapsed back into the habit, claiming they couldn“t calm their nerves any other way. Others have increased their previously reduced intakes. Some, in their quest for a crutch, have begun smoking for the
7、 first time. In modern Manhattan the frantic puff has become the preferred alternative to the silent scream. New Yorkers, of course, are coping in more imaginative ways, as well. A friend swears he knows someone who has stashed a canoe in his closet in case he needs to escape Manhattan by river. Ano
8、ther says he has moved a heavy objet d“art into his office so that he can smash the window if a firebomb makes the elevator or the staircase impassable. A women working on one of the lowers of her office building has acquired a rope long enough to lower herself to the ground; one who works at the to
9、p of a skyscraper tells me she“s looking into the purchase of a parachute. Still others have stocked up on such items of antiterrorist chic as flame-retardant ponchos, anthrax-antidote antibiotics and heavy-duty gas masks. Recent polls indicate that American women are more stressed than men. Over 50
10、 percent in one national survey of 1,000 adults admitted to being “very“ or “somewhat“ worried in the wake of the terrorist assaults. The anthrax scare may have receded. But recent incidents, from the airplane crash in New York Borough of Queens to the arrest of the London “shoe-bomber“ to rumors of
11、 suitcase nukes, seem to have had permanently unsettling effects. Take food. A surprising number of people are apparently unable to touch their plates. Others are eating too much, seeking reassurance in “comfort food.“ Given the alternatives, smoking seems a reasonable refuge; after all, the long-te
12、rm threat of cancer seems far more remote these days than the prospect of explosive incineration. （分数：25.00）_2.The Ballooning Pension Crisis in Western EuropeMillions of elderly Germans received a notice from the Health they laid their coats on the seat; he asked what she would like to eat and went
13、off to get it; she slid into the booth facing the American. And throughout all this, they showed no sign of having noticed that someone was already sitting in the booth. When the British woman lit up a cigarette, the American began ostentatiously looking around for another table to move to. Of cours
14、e there was none; that“s why the British couple had sat in her booth in the first place. The smoker immediately crushed out her cigarette and apologized. This showed that she had noticed that someone else was sitting in the booth, and that she was not inclined to disturb her. To the American, polite
15、ness requires talk between strangers forced to share a booth in a cafeteria, if only a fleeting “Do you mind if I sit down?“ or a conventional “is anyone sitting here?“ even if it“s obvious no one is. The omission of such talk seemed to her like dreadful rudeness. The American couldn“t see that anot
16、her system of politeness was at work. By not acknowledging her presence, the British couple freed her from the obligation to acknowledge theirs. The American expected a show of involvement; they were being polite by not imposing. An American man who had lived for years in Japan explained a similar p
17、oliteness ethic. He lived, as many Japanese do, in extremely close quartersa tiny room separated from neighboring rooms by paper-thin walls. In order to preserve privacy in this most unprivate situation, his Japanese neighbor with the door open, they steadfastly glued their gaze ahead as if they wer
18、e alone in a desert. The American confessed to feeling what I believe most Americans would feel if a next-door neighbor passed within a few feet without acknowledging their presencesnubbed. But he realized that the intention was not rudeness by omitting to show involvement, but politeness by not imp
19、osing. （分数：25.00）_上海市中级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟题 6答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、TRANSLATION TEST(总题数：4，分数：100.00)1.Help! I Can“t CopeA friend who had lived in New York during the 1970s was recently here for a brief visit. I asked him what, in this ever- changing city. he found to be most startlingly changed. He t
20、hought for a moment before answering. “Probably the visible increase in prostitution,“ he replied. My astonishment at this comment was so palpable that he felt obliged to explain. “Haven“t you noticed,“ he asked with surprise, “all these young women standing furtively in doorways? You never used to
21、see that when I was here.“ I couldn“t resist my laughter. “They“re not prostitutes,“ I clarified. “They“re smokers.“ For indeed they are. Most American office buildings no longer allow smoking on the premises, driving those who can“t resist the urge onto the streets. The sight of them, lounging on “
22、coffee breaks“ near the entrances to their workplace, puffing away, has become ubiquitous. Since most new smokers apparently are women, my friend“s confusion was understandable. And there are more than ever since September 11. Stress is probably better measured anecdotally than statistically. I“m no
23、t aware of surveys on this matter, but anyone living in New York these days has stories of friends who, amid the scares of 9-11 and its aftermath, have sought solace in cigarettes. I used to go to a gym in the Metlife Building over Grand Central Terminal. Some days so many people stood outside, tens
24、ely smoking, that I assumed an evacuation had just been ordered. At least three friends who“d given up tobacco have lapsed back into the habit, claiming they couldn“t calm their nerves any other way. Others have increased their previously reduced intakes. Some, in their quest for a crutch, have begu
25、n smoking for the first time. In modern Manhattan the frantic puff has become the preferred alternative to the silent scream. New Yorkers, of course, are coping in more imaginative ways, as well. A friend swears he knows someone who has stashed a canoe in his closet in case he needs to escape Manhat
26、tan by river. Another says he has moved a heavy objet d“art into his office so that he can smash the window if a firebomb makes the elevator or the staircase impassable. A women working on one of the lowers of her office building has acquired a rope long enough to lower herself to the ground; one wh
27、o works at the top of a skyscraper tells me she“s looking into the purchase of a parachute. Still others have stocked up on such items of antiterrorist chic as flame-retardant ponchos, anthrax-antidote antibiotics and heavy-duty gas masks. Recent polls indicate that American women are more stressed
28、than men. Over 50 percent in one national survey of 1,000 adults admitted to being “very“ or “somewhat“ worried in the wake of the terrorist assaults. The anthrax scare may have receded. But recent incidents, from the airplane crash in New York Borough of Queens to the arrest of the London “shoe-bom
29、ber“ to rumors of suitcase nukes, seem to have had permanently unsettling effects. Take food. A surprising number of people are apparently unable to touch their plates. Others are eating too much, seeking reassurance in “comfort food.“ Given the alternatives, smoking seems a reasonable refuge; after
30、 all, the long-term threat of cancer seems far more remote these days than the prospect of explosive incineration. （分数：25.00）_正确答案：()解析：帮帮我!我应付不了我的一个朋友上个世纪 70年代曾在纽约住过，最近来纽约作短期访问。我问他，在这座不断变化的城市里，他看到的最令人惊奇的变化是什么。他想了想，回答说：“大概是妓女明显增多了吧。” 看见我听到此话吃惊的样子，他忙不迭解释。“你没有注意到那些站在大楼门口偷偷摸摸抽烟的年轻女子吗?”他反而惊讶地问我，“当年我在这儿的
31、时候，可从来没见过。” 我忍不住失声大笑。“她们不是妓女，”我解释说，“她们是在过烟瘾。” 她们确实是在过烟瘾。在美国，大多数办公楼不再允许有人在大楼内抽烟，于是憋不住的瘾君子只得到大街上过把瘾。她们利用工间喝咖啡休息时间，懒洋洋地靠在工作大楼的入口处喷云吐雾，这已是随处可见的景象。因为大多数新近成为烟民的显然都是女性，我的朋友把她们混同于妓女，是可以理解的。自911事件发生后，抽烟的女性超过以往任何时候。 人们的紧张程度，故事所讲的可能比数据统计更为准确。有关这方面的调查，我一无所知，但近来生活在纽约的人，都有关于朋友处在 911的恐惧阴影下借烟消愁的故事。我以前常去中央车站上面大都会人寿保
32、险大楼里的一家健身房。有好几天，大楼外面站着很多人，神情紧张地抽着烟，我甚至以为大楼里刚下达了疏散的命令。我至少有三个戒了烟的朋友又故态复萌，说是没有别的办法能够放松紧张的神经。有些人烟量已经减少了，可是现在又上去了。还有人为寻求精神支柱，头一回抽起了烟。如今的曼哈顿，比起承受无声的尖叫，人们宁愿拼命抽烟。 当然，纽约人也有更富于想象力的应付办法。一位朋友肯定地说，他知道有人在壁橱里放置了一个小划子，一旦需要下河逃离曼哈顿，小划子就能派上用场。另一位说，他把一件硕大的艺术品搬进了办公室，如果遭到火焰炸弹袭击，不能从电梯或楼梯逃生，他就能用这个艺术品将玻璃窗砸碎。在办公楼低层上班的一位女士买了一
33、根长绳子，足以将她放到楼外的地面上；另一位在一座摩天大楼顶层工作的女士告诉我，她正在考虑购买降落伞。还有人储备了对付恐怖袭击的时兴玩意儿，如阻燃披风、对付炭疽的抗菌素和厚重的防毒面具。 最近的民意调查表明，在美国女人比男人更紧张。根据一项对 1,000个成年人进行的全国性调查，超过百分之五十的人承认，恐怖袭击发生后他们“非常”或“有些”担心。炭疽恐慌症也许已经消退，但近来从纽约市皇后区的飞机坠毁，鞋子里放置炸弹的歹徒在伦敦机场被捕，到有关手提箱原子弹的谣传等一系列事件，似乎产生了令人长期不安的影响。以食物为例。有许多人显然不敢碰盘子里的饭莱。有人则大吃特吃，试图借食物消除恐惧，从中得到安慰。和
34、其他聊以自慰的办法相比，抽烟似乎是一个还可以的选择；毕竟，眼下看来，癌症的长期威胁比起在炸弹爆炸中葬身火海的可能性，似乎遥远得多。2.The Ballooning Pension Crisis in Western EuropeMillions of elderly Germans received a notice from the Health they laid their coats on the seat; he asked what she would like to eat and went off to get it; she slid into the booth facin
35、g the American. And throughout all this, they showed no sign of having noticed that someone was already sitting in the booth. When the British woman lit up a cigarette, the American began ostentatiously looking around for another table to move to. Of course there was none; that“s why the British cou
36、ple had sat in her booth in the first place. The smoker immediately crushed out her cigarette and apologized. This showed that she had noticed that someone else was sitting in the booth, and that she was not inclined to disturb her. To the American, politeness requires talk between strangers forced
37、to share a booth in a cafeteria, if only a fleeting “Do you mind if I sit down?“ or a conventional “is anyone sitting here?“ even if it“s obvious no one is. The omission of such talk seemed to her like dreadful rudeness. The American couldn“t see that another system of politeness was at work. By not
38、 acknowledging her presence, the British couple freed her from the obligation to acknowledge theirs. The American expected a show of involvement; they were being polite by not imposing. An American man who had lived for years in Japan explained a similar politeness ethic. He lived, as many Japanese
39、do, in extremely close quartersa tiny room separated from neighboring rooms by paper-thin walls. In order to preserve privacy in this most unprivate situation, his Japanese neighbor with the door open, they steadfastly glued their gaze ahead as if they were alone in a desert. The American confessed
40、to feeling what I believe most Americans would feel if a next-door neighbor passed within a few feet without acknowledging their presencesnubbed. But he realized that the intention was not rudeness by omitting to show involvement, but politeness by not imposing. （分数：25.00）_正确答案：()解析：跨文化交际中的误解在跨文化交际中
41、，说不同母语或来自不同文化背景的人们相互之间发生误解的可能性最大，因为文化差异在看待什么是合乎常情的、显而易见的礼貌之举上必然含有不同的假定。 人类学家托马斯科赫曼举出一个白人办事员的例子。她上班时一只手臂上绑着绷带，由于她的黑人同事看见她手臂上的绷带却只字不提，她感到不快。这位身心受到双重伤害的白人自以为她的同事不提此事，要么是没有注意到她手臂有伤，要么是对她漠不关心。而她那位黑人同事则是有意不提起她本人不想谈的事情。这位同事让她自己决定是不是要提及她的伤痛，因为她不想主动提起对方不愿意开口的事情是为对方着想。科赫曼说，根据他的研究，这些想法上的不同反映出黑人和白人各有各的为人处事方式，区别
42、明显。 一个在英国游览的美国妇女一再恼怒不已，因为英国人在她认为应该留意他人的场合却对她视而不见。例如，有一次她正坐在火车站自助餐馆的一个火车座里，一对夫妇走上前来，要占用她所在的火车座对面的座位。他们卸下行李，又把各自的上衣放在座位上；他问她要吃什么，然后就去买东西；她坐进火车座，面对着这个美国人。自始至终，看不出夫妇俩人曾经注意到有人早就坐在这个火车座里。 当那个英国女人点燃一支香烟时，美国人便故意让英国女人知道她在四周张望想挪到另一张桌子上去。当然不会有位子空着，要不然这对英国夫妇一开始也不会坐到她对面的火车座里。英国女人马上把烟掐灭，说了一声对不起。这表明她已经注意到有人坐在这个火车座
43、位里，她只是不想打扰对方而已。 对于这个美国人来说，讲礼貌就是在自助餐馆里不得不共用一间火车座的陌生人之间要说说话，哪怕是随口说一句“不介意我坐在这儿吧?”或者是人们常说的“这儿有人坐吗?”即使明摆着位子是空着的。在她看来，英国夫妇不说这样的话，是极为失礼的。这个美国人不了解英国人另有自己的礼貌规范。这对英国夫妇不搭理她，也就不会使她非要搭理他们不可。美国人期待对方会寒暄一番；英国夫妇则以为不打扰对方才显得有礼貌。 一个在日本生活了多年的美国人讲解了一个类似的有关礼貌的规范。像许多日本人一样，他住的地方极为拥挤是一间以纸一样薄的墙与比邻房间隔开的小房间。为了在这个最不私密的场所保持私密性，他的日本邻居让房门开着，俩人一直目不转睛地凝视着前方，似乎他们是各自单独地呆在一片沙漠里。这个美国人坦承他感到自己受到了冷落，我相信如果隔壁邻居隔着自己几步之遥径自走过去，连招呼也不打一声，大多数美国人也会有同样的感受。但是这个美国人意识到，日本人在这种场合不打招呼并不是不讲礼貌，不打扰别人才是他们的以礼待人之道。
