1、上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试模拟 40 及答案解析(总分：300.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION 1 LISTENING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、A: Spot Dictation(总题数：1，分数：30.00)In many cultures, traditional families, that is, married couples with children, 1 . Until a decade ago, that was also the case in the United States. But the U.S. Bureau of Census rep
2、orts people in more than 2 now live in some other arrangements. For the first time in history, the number of Americans living alone has 3 of historically dominant householdsmarried couples with children. In 1960, 45% of American households 4 with children. Today it is less than 25%. In the past 10 y
3、ears, the number of 5 has grown faster than the number of family households. But the 6 that the American 7 . Although the rate of married-with-children household is still declining, it is declining 8 than during the 1960s and 1970s, and married couples with or without children still 9 all American h
4、ouseholds. What really should be noted is actually 10 in a lot of the numbers in the past 10 years, compared to the structure of households 20 or 30 years before. And for example, in 1960, if we go back 47 years, 11 were married-couple households. The number 12 in 1970, and down to 60% in 1980. But
5、then over the past two decades, the rate of decline has slowed down quite a bit: it went down to 13 and 52% in 2000. The number of 14 is declining for several reasons. More than ever before, men and women are 15 . Also the number of 16 is growing much faster than the number of married couples. The 2
6、000 census shows that 17 . First the aging of the American population and the growing number of both young and old people living alone are the main reasons the average American household 18 , just over two and a half people per household. Some sociologists fear that the growing number of one-person
7、households means 19 . Others see it as a sign of prosperity and an 20 . （分数：30.00）三、B: Listening Compreh(总题数：4，分数：20.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation. （分数：5.00）A.You needn“t pay your accommodation.B.You may make friends on the camp.C.You will be paid to do jobs on the camp
8、.D.You will get free lunch and supper.A.From a travel agency.B.From his friends.C.From advertisements.D.From relatives in Britain.A.There was no work for them to do.B.Farmers were quarreling with Teencamp.C.They couldn“t finish what was asked to do.D.They lost their way and at a loss what to do.A.On
9、e week.B.Two weeks.C.Three weeks.D.Four weeks.A.Go on a work camp is the best way to travel.B.Travelers might enjoy fresh vegetables and fruits.C.Going on a work camp is not always a pleasant experience.D.Work camps supply young people good practice.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.
10、 （分数：5.00）A.Reducing trade barriers in industrial and farm goods.B.Debt relief for the developing countries.C.Trade liberalization within the European Union.D.Negotiating with the campaign groups.A.350 million dollars.B.700 million dollars.C.1.4 billion dollars.D.700 billion dollars.A.Reducing the r
11、isk of death from cancer.B.Reducing the risk of death from heart diseases.C.Extending drinkers life span.D.Alleviating the stress of modern people.A.WTO member nations object to it unanimously.B.America decides to block beef and pork imports from Russia.C.President Putin refused to talk with Bush at
12、 an Asian summit.D.America has not agreed to let Russia join.A.Indifferent.B.Miscellaneous.C.Excited.D.Disappointed.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview. （分数：5.00）A.Two plants have already been closed down.B.Mr. Northfield has no plan to close down more European plants yet.C.The c
13、losing down of the two plants is partly a result of Flaxcos going international.D.The expansion of business will lead to more cut in the workforce and thus result in the closing down of more European plants.A.She thinks Flaxco should increase its workforce in Europe to help alleviate the unemploymen
14、t problem.B.She thinks Flaxco is mainly responsible for the high unemployment rate.C.She thinks it is inevitable for Flaxco to go international.D.She disagrees with the man“s opinion that Flaxco has contributed a lot to the government.A.Flaxco has focused all its manufacturing facilities in Europe.B
15、.Flaxco has concentrated its resources and efforts on high-end medicines.C.Flaxco“s biggest research efforts are in the UK.D.Flaxco is expanding its basic research activity in the USA as well as in Italy.A.In Europe.B.Outside Europe.C.In the USA.D.In the UK.A.Because the USA provides Flaxco with hig
16、h-tech talents.B.Because the USA is the most important market for Flaxco.C.Because Flaxco has expanded its business there in the USA in the past few years.D.Because Flaxco“s rival company in the USA has set up a research unit in Europe.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk. （分数：5.00）A.E
17、xtremely good sensory perception power.B.The ability of predicting the future.C.Some mysterious abilities of the human brain.D.The phenomenon of knowing something without using any of the five senses.A.No one but the scientists know what ESP really is.B.Everybody has the experience of ESP.C.It is im
18、possible to decide whether one has ESP or not.D.ESP has been studied by many people.A.Play cards with your friends.B.Try to name by means of intense concentration an object placed in the next room.C.Guess who the caller is before picking up the receiver.D.Think about a friend you haven“t seen or hea
19、rd for a long time.A.He can see what is in the next room.B.He knows what another person is thinking.C.He can predict the future.D.All of the above.A.The one who gets 5% of the questions correct.B.The one who gets all of the questions correct.C.The one who gets 20% of the questions correct.D.The one
20、who gets 10% of the questions correct.四、SECTION 2 READING TE(总题数：4，分数：50.00)In colonial days, huge flocks of snowy egrets inhabited coastal wetlands and marshes of the southeastern United States. In the 1800s, when fashion dictated fancy hats adorned with feathers, egrets and other birds were hunted
21、 for their plumage. By the late 1800s, egrets were almost extinct. In 1886 the newly formed Audubon Society began a press campaign to shame feather wearers and end the terrible folly. The campaign caught on, and gradually, attitudes changed and new laws followed. Florida and Texas were the first sta
22、tes to pass laws protecting such birds. Then, in 1900, the United States Congress passed the Lacey Act, forbidding interstate commerce to deal in illegally killed wildlife, making it more difficult for hunters to sell their kill. Since then, numerous wildlife refuges have been established to protect
23、 the birds“ feeding habitats. With millions of people visiting these refuges and seeing the birds in their natural locales, attitudes have changed significantly. Today the thought of hunting these birds would be abhorrent to most people, even if official protection were removed. Thus protected, egre
24、t populations were able to recover substantially. In the mean time, the Lacey Act has become the most important piece of legislation protecting wildlife from illegal killing or smuggling. Congress took another major step when it passed a series of acts to protect endangered species. The most compreh
25、ensive and recent of these acts is the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 (reauthorized in 1988). An endangered species is a species that has been reduced to the point where it is in imminent danger of becoming extinct if protection is not provided. The act also provides for the protection of thre
26、atened species, which are judged to be in jeopardy but not on the brink of extinction. When a species is officially recognized as being either endangered or threatened, the law specifies substantial fines for killing, trapping, uprooting (plants), or engaging in commerce in the species or its parts.
27、 The legislation forbidding commerce includes wildlife threatened with extinction anywhere in the world. The ESA requires the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), under the Department of the interior, to draft recovery plans for protected species. Habitats must be mapped and a program fo
28、r the preservation and management of critical habitats must be designed, such that the species can rebuild its population. Some critics of the ESA believe that the act does not go far enough. A major shortcoming is that protection is not provided until a species is officially listed as endangered or
29、 threatened by the USFWS and a recovery plan is established. Species usually will not make the list until their populations have become dangerously low. Over the past years, the USFWS has been working intensely on listing species and developing recovery plans for them. One of the species recently re
30、moved from the list, and an amazing recovery story, is that of the American peregrine falcon. The bald eagle also is scheduled to be removed from the list soon. Both the peregrine falcon and the bald eagle were driven to extremely low numbers because of the use of DDT as a pesticide from the 1940s t
31、hrough the 1960s. Carried up to these predators through the food chain, DDT caused a serious thinning of the birds“ eggshells that led to nesting failures in the two species and in numerous other predatory birds. By 1975 a survey indicated that there were only 324 pairs of nesting peregrines in Nort
32、h America. DDT use was banned in both the United States and Canada in the early 1970s and the stage was set for recovery of the bird. Working with several nonprofit captive-breeding institutions such as the Peregrine Fund, the USFWS sponsored efforts that resulted in the release of some 6,000 captiv
33、e-bred young falcons in 34 states over a period of 23 years. There are now about 1,600 known breeding pairs in the United States and Canada- well above the targeted recovery population of 631 pairs.（分数：12.50）(1).It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that after 1886 the influence of the Audubon Society
34、 caused _ .（分数：2.50）A.a new interest in coastal wetlandsB.a change in what was considered fashionableC.an increase in the hunting of birdsD.an increase in the use of feathers for hats(2).What does paragraph 2 indicate would happen if laws like the Lacey Act were removed?（分数：2.50）A.Many people would
35、begin to hunt birds.B.More bird refuges would have to be created.C.Most people would continue to oppose the hunting of rare birds.D.Bird populations in some natural locales would decline.(3).What is the function of paragraph 3s discussion of the terms “endangered species“ and “threatened species“?（分
36、数：2.50）A.To argue that government officials need more information when making laws.B.To identify which animals need to be protected and which do not.C.To suggest that legal terminology continues to change over time.D.To provide the legal definitions of species that are protected by the law.(4).Which
37、 of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 to be the reason some people are critical of the ESA?（分数：2.50）A.The ESA list of endangered species has gone too far and become too long.B.The ESA rules have protected only those species that have great commercial value.C.The ESA protection of specie
38、s should begin earlier than it does under the current act.D.The ESA rules permit species to be removed from the list before they have been able to fully recover their populations.(5).According to paragraph 6, how did peregrine falcons and bald eagles became endangered?（分数：2.50）A.Predatory birds bega
39、n eating the eggs of falcons and eagles.B.The use of DDT reduced the amount of food available in the falcon and eagle habitat.C.Falcons and eagles could no longer find materials to build their nests when the use of DDT was discontinued.D.Falcons and eagles that had consumed food containing DDT laid
40、eggs with defective shells.Meteors are ephemeral. They will usually vanish before you have a chance to point them out to somebody else. This makes them suitable for starry-eyed lovers to wish upon, but modern technology can put shooting stars to more profitable use. Next time you see one, bear in mi
41、nd that a dispatcher may be using it to help him marshal a fleet of long-distance lorries. To human eyes, a meteor is beautiful. To a radio wave, it is just another thing to bounce off, and bouncing radio waves off the sky is not new. Left to themselves radio waves travel in straight lines, which li
42、mits their range. To get them round corners, and over the horizon, they need something to bounce off. In the ionospherethe uppermost level of the atmospherethe sun“s rays break down molecules into positively charged ions and free electrons. These can reflect (and refract) radiation. The ionosphere l
43、et Marconi and his contemporaries send radio messages over long distances. When a pebble falls from space into the atmosphere, moving at tens of kilometers a second, it gets rid of a lot of energy. Like the energy from the sun“s rays, this ionizes the molecules of the atmosphere. The meteor“s 1020km
44、 path is densely packed with ions. By the 1930s, radio waves bounced off meteor trails had been used by scientists to determine the speed, height and direction of meteors. The obvious disadvantage of meteorsthe fact that they are so transientmight suggest that bouncing radio waves off their trails w
45、ould remain the preserve of scientists. In overall quantity, though, meteors bid fair to make up what they lack in constancy. On an average day there are a million reasonable-sized ones (one gram), 400 million smaller ones (one-hundredth of a gram), and 160 billion even tinier ones (one ten-thousand
46、th of a gram). Meteors also have advantage. The greater density of ions in a meteor trail makes it less susceptible to the many things which perturb the ionosphere, and hence the quality of radio signals that bounce off itsuch as time of day, weather conditions, sun spots or indeed intrusive meteors
47、. This immunity from “noise“ matters to people who want to send digital data. Radio hams may enjoy the tribulations of chit-chat through adversity and static, but such a noisy medium is not good for transmitting error-free sequences of 0s and 1s. That is why meteor-burst communication (MBC) comes in
48、to its own when small amounts of data need to be gathered from many places fairly quickly. A system under construction to monitor the flow of the Nile provides an example. A master transmitter sends a radio “probe“ into the sky in roughly the direction of the target. When a conveniently aligned mete
49、or materializes, the probe bounces off it and reaches the receiver. When the receiver hears its master“s voice it responds along the same path, spurting out data about the river“s recent behavior. The master station acknowledges receipt, gives any further instructions and signs off. It then directs its probe towards the next of the 250 outstations. Depending on the system“s sensitivity, the wait between suitably aligned meteors varies between four seconds and ten minutes. The bursts of communication between master and out-stations may take as little as tenth of a second. It must
