1、上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试模拟 44 及答案解析(总分：300.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION 1 LISTENING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A Spot Dictatio(总题数：1，分数：30.00)If the entire human species were a single individual, that person would long ago have been declared mad. The insanity would not lie in the 1 of the human mindthough it can be a bl
2、ack and raging place indeed. And it certainly wouldn“t lie in the 2 . The madness would lie instead in the fact that both of those qualities, the savage and the splendid, can exist in one creature, one person, 3 . We“re a species that is capable of almost dumbfounding kindness. We nurse one another,
3、 4 , weep for one another. Ever since science taught us how, we willingly tear the 5 and give them to one another. And at the same time, we 6 . The past 15 years of human history are 7 of those subatomic particles that are created in accelerators and 8 , but in that fleeting instant, we“ve visited u
4、ntold horrors on ourselves. As the 9 species the planet has produced, we“re also the lowest, cruelest, most blood-drenched species. That“s 10 . What does, or ought to, separate human beings with other species is our highly developed 11 , a primal understanding of good and bad, of right and wrong, of
5、 what it means to suffer not only our own pain, but also the pain of others. That quality is 12 of what it means to be human. Why it“s an essence that so often spoils, no one can say. Morality may be a hard concept to grasp, but 13 . Psychologists believe even kids can feel the difference between a
6、matter of morality and one of 14 innately. Of course, the fact is that a child will sometimes hit and won“t feel particularly bad about it eitherunless he“s caught. The same is true 15 or despots who slaughter. The rules we know, even the ones we intuitively feel, are by no means 16 . Where do those
7、 intuitions come from? And 17 about following where they lead us? Scientists can“t yet answer those questions, but that hasn“t 18 . Brain scans are providing clues. Animal studies are providing more. 19 are providing still more. None of this research may make us behave better, not right away at leas
8、t. But all of it can help us understand ourselves 20 perhaps, but an important one. （分数：30.00）三、Part B Listening Com(总题数：4，分数：20.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation. （分数：5.00）A.Actors in the 1930s and 1940s films pay more attention to the way of walking.B.Films made in the 19
9、30s and 1940s reflect their own time.C.In the 1930s and 1940s films, people were wearing their own clothes.D.Films adaptations of the 1930s and 1940s were more original.A.Because they show more about the novel that they“re based on.B.Because we are too close to them to see that they are reflections
10、of current attitude.C.Because directors are trying to get inside the minds of the 19th century people.D.Because they are really rooted in the period they were made.A.That you may fall in love with an actor if his is too good-looking.B.That only people with an artistic license can adapt a novel.C.Tha
11、t actors should always match your idea of the character.D.That one should not make any major changes to the characters or the plot.A.That the author should play the role of an unseen narrator in a film.B.That the author should read the novel to his or her readers.C.That the author should give commen
12、t once his or her novel has been made into a film.D.That the author“s viewpoint should be evident in film adaptations.A.The film of Oliver Twist.B.Escapism.C.Films based on the 19th century novels.D.Corporal punishment in the films.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news. （分数：5.00）A.He con
13、vinced the White House that Iceland“s President wanted a call with George W. Bush.B.He told the White House staff that he was Iceland“s President and almost talked to George W. Bush.C.He booked a call meeting with the White House spokeswoman Dana Perino.D.He told the local police where he found the
14、telephone number for the White House.A.An energy bill has been approved by the full House of Representatives.B.The legislation would promote production of renewable motor fuels.C.President George W. Bush has signed the bill.D.Fuel efficiency of cars and trucks was already raised by 40% in the U.SA.R
15、ise in interest rates.B.Growing raw material costs.C.Plummeting construction activity.D.Fears of a U.S. depression.A.4B.5C.15D.30A.They will renew negotiations with striking screenwriters.B.They will talk with the studios before the writers settle their dispute.C.They will not start negotiation with
16、 film studios until January 1.D.They will take actions to undermine the position of striking writers.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview. （分数：5.00）A.Contemporary pictures focus more on domestic issues.B.These days, having one“s photograph taken is more informal.C.In the old days,
17、 people only took pictures of their grandmothers.D.The photographic technology is more advanced nowadays.A.His own family.B.Holiday pictures.C.Other people“s children.D.Pictures of other artistic areas.A.That it is high technology.B.That it can only be used by artists.C.That women rather than men sh
18、ould use it more.D.That it is easy and simple.A.They are snapshots of very important memories.B.They don“t have great backgrounds.C.They are little fun moments of life.D.They are great photographs.A.The pictures taken by instamatic cameras are not true.B.Photographers may not be professional enough
19、to catch real moments of our lives.C.Children often pretend to be lovely and smiling while posing for a photographer.D.There is something missing from the family album.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk. （分数：5.00）(1).A. A sleep disease.B. A sleep disorder. C. A neurochemical. D. A ni
20、ghtmare.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.A.It is the most common sleeping problem that people are suffering from.B.About 8 to 10 percent of adult population have this problem.C.During sleep bruxism, a persons teeth make contact for 40 minutes a day.D.During sleep bruxism, the upper and lower teeth may come into con
21、tact with 250 pounds of pressure.A.Malocclusion.B.Stress.C.Smoking.D.Caffeine.A.Because patients may not be able to afford the $ 300 price tag.B.Because it cannot stop the grinding or clenching.C.Because it cannot protect the teeth.D.Because it will damage the arrangement of the teeth.A.That patient
22、s should consult their dentists if they have sleep bruxism.B.That there are many ways to cure sleep bruxism.C.That mouth guard is the best approach to reducing sleep bruxism.D.That football players suffer the most from sleep bruxism.四、SECTION 2 READING TE(总题数：4，分数：50.00)The ability to negotiate succ
23、essfully, to reach agreements with other people or parties, is a key skill in any business. This negotiation could be with a buyer or seller and it almost always involves an element of compromise. But, when entering negotiations, you should always keep in mind that it is almost impossible to negotia
24、te and make agreements successfully if you think you can“t afford to “lose“ or walk away from what is on offer. This will result in your avoiding asking for anything more than what you think the other side will give without a dispute. You become a passive observer, with the other side dictating the
25、terms. In most negotiations one side has more to offer than the other and proper planning can help minimize the effects of this imbalance. Decide on set limits for what you can offer before negotiations begin. There are always advantages you can offer the other side, and you clearly have benefits th
26、ey want or need or they would not be negotiating with you. In fact, the buyer or seller often wants you more than you think, so it is to your advantage to try and see things from their point of view. The better you know their real needs or wantsnot just the ones they have told youthe more successful
27、 you will be, and the less likely you are to fall into the trap of giving them more than you really need to. But it is also true that a concession they really need or will value from you won“t cost you as much as it benefits them, and yet may still leave you with everything you want. If you know the
28、 other side must reach agreement on a deal by a certain date for financial reasons, your willingness to comply with that date could be worth a great deal of money to them, without costing you much, if anything at all. It is up to you to find out what the other side really needs. Untrained negotiator
29、s often allow their feelings to become too involved and they may take each rejection of a proposal as personal rejection. So they become angry with the other person, or blame them for failing to reach an agreement. While it is important to be yourself and, on occasion, not be afraid to express how y
30、ou honestly feel, it is important to judge carefully when to do this. It is particularly important to maintain a polite and friendly personal relationship when you are facing a difficult negotiation, but keeping negative personal feelings out of negotiation doesn“t mean hiding your personality. Thin
31、k carefully about your negotiation schedule. Take breaks, particularly during times when you cannot agree over a particular point. But if you have to continue the negotiation on another day, make it soon, and keep the momentum of the negotiations. As long as you are still talking and meeting, you bu
32、ild rapport with the other party; learn more about what they need and ensure that your company is the one most likely to make the deal. This may require both patience and perseverancebut patience pays! To “win“ a negotiation then, means that neither side should feel that they have “lost“. You should
33、 know what you can offer the other side and know exactly what they want. If you have done everything you can and the deal remains outside the limits you have defined for yourself beforehand, then walk away from it. Either way, you“re a winner!（分数：12.50）(1).Why does the writer suggest that you put yo
34、urself in the other side“s position?（分数：2.50）A.Because they may have lied about what they want.B.In order to avoid being trapped into making a deal you cannot change.C.Because it is likely that they have more to offer than you do.D.In order to be able to see your real value to them.(2).The writer sa
35、ys that one advantage of making a concession to the other side is that _ .（分数：2.50）A.you will be able to get something from them in returnB.it will please them without any inconvenience to youC.the other party will be more willing to meet deadlinesD.you will make more money on the deal(3).The writer
36、 feels that expressing personal feelings _ .（分数：2.50）A.is especially beneficial when negotiations are going badlyB.may result in bad decisions being madeC.often leads to anger during negotiationsD.may be positive at certain times(4).What advice does the writer give concerning the negotiating schedul
37、e?（分数：2.50）A.Use breaks to discover more about the other party“s needs.B.If serious disagreement occurs, postpone the meeting until another day.C.Don“t lose the rhythm of the discussions.D.Continue the meeting until you reach an agreement.(5).What important piece of general advice is given in the ar
38、ticle as a whole?（分数：2.50）A.Find out about the personalities of the people you will be negotiating with.B.When negotiating, be prepared to offer more than you originally planned.C.You shouldn“t worry if negotiations break down.D.Do not allow your personality to intrude on negotiations.In 1948, Seatt
39、le authorities feared that a race riot would break out in a run-down housing area. A thousand families300 of them blackwere jammed into temporary barracks built for war workers. Tension was in the air, rumors rife, a stabbing reported. The University of Washington, called on for advice, rushed 25 tr
40、ained interviewers to the scene. The interviewers went from door to door, trying to discover the extent of racial hatred. They were surprised to find very little. Ninety percent of the whites and blacks interviewed said that they felt “about the same“ of “more friendly“ toward the other group since
41、moving into the area. What, then, was eating them? These families were angry about the ramshackle buildings, the back-firing kitchen stoves and the terrible roads inside the property. Many were worried about a strike at Boeing Airplane Co. In short, a series of frustrations from other causes had inf
42、ected the whole community, and could have resulted in a race riot. This case is a dramatic application of a challenging theory about human behavior exhaustively demonstrated by a group of Yale scientists in an old book, Frustration and Aggression, which has become a classic. Since reading it some ye
43、ars ago, I have met many of my personal problems with better understanding, and gained fresh insight into some big public questions as well. A common result of being frustrated, the Yale investigator have shown, is an act of aggression, sometimes violent. To be alive is to have a goal and pursue ita
44、nything from cleaning the house, or planning a vacation, to saving money for retirement. If someone or something blocks goal, we begin to feel pent up and thwarted. Then we get mad. The blocked goal, the sense of frustration, aggression actionthis is the normal human sequence. If we are aware of wha
45、t is going on inside us, however, we can save ourselves a good deal of needless pain and trouble. The aggressive act that frustration produces may take a number of forms. It may be turned inward against oneself, with suicide as the extreme example. It may hit back directly at the person or thing cau
46、sing the frustration. Or it may be transferred to another objectwhat psychologists call displacement. Displacement can be directed against the dog, the parlor furniture, the family or even total strangers. The classic pattern of frustration and aggression is nowhere better demonstrated than in milit
47、ary life. GIs studied by the noted American sociologist Samuel A. Stouffer in the last war were found to be full of frustration due to their sudden loss of civilian liberty. They took it our verbally on the brass, often most unjustly. But in combat, soldiers felt far more friendly toward their offic
48、ers. Why? Because they could “discharge their aggression directly against the enemy“. Dr. Karl Menninger, of the famous Menninger Foundation at Topeka, pointed out that children in all societies are necessarily frustrated, practically from birth, as they are broken into the customs of the tribe. A b
49、aby“s first major decision is “whether to holier or smaller“when it discovers that the two acts cannot be done simultaneously. Children have to be taught habits of cleanliness, toilet behavior, regular feeding, punctuality; habits that too often are hammered in. Grownups with low boiling points, said Dr. Menninger, probably got that way because of excessive frustration in childhood. We can make growing up a less difficult period by giving children more love and understanding. Parents in less “civilized“ societies, Menninger observes, often do this. He quotes a Mohave Ind
