1、上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试模拟 47 及答案解析(总分：300.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION 1 LISTENING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A Spot Dictatio(总题数：1，分数：30.00)In mediaeval times, the region that led the world in technological 1 was China. 2 , Europe north and west of the Alps was a backwater that had invented nothing 3 except for improv
2、ed watermills. How did China 4 in science and technology to Europe? Two papers by Graeme Lang, rich with broad implications, address this paradox 5 structural or ultimate causation. Lang begins by pointing out that 6 scientific inquiry in Europe developed within a 7 European institution: autonomous
3、universities where critical inquiry was relatively 8 by governmental or religious authority. Between A. D. 1450 and 1650, 90% of Europeans now considered to be 9 to science receiver university educations, and half of them held career posts at universities. There was 10 in China. Why not? Historical
4、causation is like an onion, whose concentric layers must be peeled back 11 to reveal the ultimate causes at the center. Lang sees the autonomous universities on the onion“s outer skin 12 springing from an underlying layer of European political fragmentation. Mediaeval Europe was still divided into a
5、 thousand independent statelets, whereas China was already unified in 221 B.C. So it proved impossible to suppress critical thinking for long in Europe: a thinker 13 in one statelet could (and often did) merely walk into the next. To take just one example, the astronomer Johann Kepler was always abl
6、e to 14 the authorities by moving away. Technological innovations were as hard to suppress in Europe as was scientific inquiry. Competition between statelets provided a positive 15 for them to adopt innovations that might yield military or economic advantages 16 . (One such beneficiary was Christoph
7、er Columbus, whose schemes for ocean exploration were rebuffed in five states before he received backing from the sixth, Spain. ) 17 , China“s unity meant that the decision of a single emperor could 18 over the whole of Chinathe demise of China“s clocks, 19 fleets and water powered spinning machines
8、 being only the most flagrant instances. （分数：30.00）三、Part B Listening Com(总题数：5，分数：20.00)Questions 1 to 4 are based on the following talk. （分数：4.00）A.Near New York City.B.Near Richmond Virginia.C.Los Angeles.D.Near Washington.A.Noise pollution.B.Litter pollution.C.Water pollution.D.Air pollution.A.T
9、he Federal Exchange Commission.B.The Environmental Protection Agency.C.The United States Congress.D.The President.A.The Environmental Protection Agency.B.The President.C.The United States Congress.D.The Federal Aviation Administration.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the following talk. （分数：4.00）A.To d
10、iscuss medical aid to England.B.To arrange effective aid to the island country.C.To pass on a recent message to the Queen.D.To work out a plan for mutual defense.A.To make the “Lend-lease“ plan operate effectively.B.To realize the America desire to aid Britain.C.To convince the general public that A
11、merican moral support to Britain was crucial.D.To create a favorable public opinion on America“s good intentions.A.Hopkins was a good speech writer.B.Hopkins knew the psychology of the British people.C.Hopkins was an eloquent speaker.D.Hopkins knew what the Americans liked to hear.A.Churchill asked
12、Hopkins to spend the weekend with him at his country villa.B.Churchill gave a dinner party to see him off.C.Churchill had a hat specially made and gave it to Hopkins as a present.D.Churchill went to Hopkins“ hotel room to have a photo taken with him.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the following talk.
13、 （分数：4.00）A.The reception hall of great country house.B.A rich person“s home.C.The great hall or reception room in a caste or palace.D.A disreputable meeting place.A.In 1699.B.In 1728.C.In 1815.D.In 1841.A.A literary/cultural institution.B.A reception gallery.C.A meeting place for celebrities.D.A me
14、eting place for uncultured men.A.“Salon“ is definitely a low-culture establishment.B.“Salon“ was popularized by the realistic writers in England.C.“Salon“ is usually associated with very high cultural connotations in English.D.“Salon“ continued to be used in more sophisticated literary works until t
15、he 19th century.Questions 13 to 17 are based on the following news. （分数：5.00）A.Car bomb.B.Gun-shooting.C.Plane crash.D.A fare.A.America.B.Greece.C.Italy.D.Israel.A.None.B.One.C.Two.D.Three.A.Jordan.B.Baghdad.C.America.D.Ramula.A.One hour.B.One and a half hours.C.Two hours.D.Three hours.Questions 18
16、to 20 are based on the following talk. （分数：3.00）A.The threat of poisonous desert animals and plants.B.The exhaustion of energy resources.C.The destruction of oil wells.D.The spread of the black powder from the fares.A.The underground oil resources have not been affected.B.Most of the desert animals
17、and plants have managed to survive.C.The oil lakes soon dried up and stopped evaporating.D.The underground water resources have not been polluted.A.To restore the production of oil wells.B.To estimate the losses caused by the fires.C.To remove the oil left in the desert.D.To use the oil left in the
18、oil lakes.四、SECTION 2 READING TE(总题数：4，分数：50.00)On March 26, 1999, I became a new staff member of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. I committed the rest of my scientific future there despite the allegations of espionage leveled at one of its weapons scientists, Wen Ho Lee, who, notably, has never
19、been and may never be officially charged. I valued the accomplishments of its distinguished scientists and was confident its able leaders would receive the political support they needed from Washington to cope with the potential damage to its programs arising from the scandal. But in the months sinc
20、e then that support has come into questionand the damage has become real. Washington“s reaction to the incident has created an atmosphere of suspicion, which, coupled with efforts to restrict scientific interchange and reduce funds for key research, threaten the essence of the labits ability to prov
21、ide the kind of science-based security that has made it a national treasure. Los Alamos burst upon the national consciousness on Aug 6, 1945, the day it was announced that the atomic weapon dropped on Hiroshima had been developed by scientists working at the lab under the direction of Robert Oppenhe
22、imer. The secret of their success was an almost magical mix of three key ingredients: the quality and dedication of the researchers, an open scientific environment that promote collaboration and Oppenheimer“s brilliant leadership. That excellence, openness and leadership have largely been maintained
23、 in the ensuing 54 years under the enlightened management of the University of California. During the cold war, when national security demanded that we have a competitive edge over the Soviets in nuclear weapons and weapons-related research, Los Alamos led the way. When it became evident that scienc
24、e-based national security depended on world leadership in science, the lab rose to the challenge. It developed an outstanding program to attract the best young researchers and established world-class trans-disciplinary centers for pure and applied scientific research. Indeed, what brought me to Los
25、Alamos was the new Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter, established to work on what promises to be the most exciting science of the new millennium the search for the higher organizing principles in nature that govern emergent behavior in matter. But in the past six months members of Congress and t
26、he Washington bureaucracy have put the scientific environment at Los Alamos seriously at risk. With the laudable goal of improving the security of classified research, they have attempted to impose inefficient micromanagement strategies while decreasing funding for vital research. As Sen. Pete Domen
27、ici, Republican of New Mexico, wrote recently to a Horse colleague, “The House action is irresponsible.“ The damage, he said, “would be as serious and more assured than the suspected damage that may have been caused by Wen Ho Lee.“ Some of that damage has already been done. By my count there“s been
28、a 60 percent drop in the number of top researchers accepting postdoctoral fellowships at the lab. Promising young staffers are leaving for university and industry jobs, while leading university scientists have refused to be considered for key administrative positions at Los Alamos. Then, too, there“
29、s the loss of the young scientist from China who wanted to come to the lab to work with me this fall. Despite his outstanding record of scientific publication and glowing letters of recommendation, I felt obligated to discourage him from entering the postdoctoral competition. In the current atmosphe
30、re, I felt his every move would be monitored. But I wonder whether we“ve lost a chance to attract to America a major contributor to scienceand a potential Nobel laureate. Washington must never forget that science is done by scientists, not by computers. It is vital to build security barriers in phys
31、ical space and cyberspace to protect classified information. But science is not done in isolation. We must not make it difficult for scientists, including those working on secret projects, to discuss unclassified research with colleagues inside and outside the lab whose expertise they need to solve
32、their problems. Doing so will not only make it impossible for the staff at Los Alamos to do their best work, but will also make it impossible for the lab to compete for the best and brightest researchers of the future. The damage that“s been done can be repaired. Scientific openness and support for
33、basic research can be restored. The chill fog of suspicion can be dissipated. But as Congress considers its next steps, the unanimous message from the scientific community is very simple, the scientific environment at Los Alamos has worked extremely well. Don“t even think about trying to “fax“ it.（分
34、数：12.50）(1).The author devoted himself to scientific studies at Los Alamos because_.（分数：2.50）A.he appreciated its scientific environmentB.he esteemed its distinguished scientists and treasured their accomplishmentsC.it obtained support from WashingtonD.its leaders were all able to cope with the pote
35、ntial damage to its programs.(2).Washington put scientific environment at Los Alamos at risk except_.（分数：2.50）A.they improved the security of classified researchB.they restricted scientific interchangeC.they reduced funds for key researchD.they planned to use computer to replace scientists(3).The wo
36、rd “distinguished“ in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.50）A.definiteB.remarkableC.differentD.noble(4).What damage had Washington caused?（分数：2.50）A.There“s been a 60 percent drop in the number of researchers.B.Washington has created an atmosphere of suspicion.C.Promising young scie
37、ntists are leaving for university.D.All of the above.(5).In the last paragraph, the author“s tone is_.（分数：2.50）A.saddenedB.excitedC.ironicD.indignantMore than three years after moving from Australia to this remote part of England, we are still learning how things are done here. Not too long after we
38、 arrived and unpacked, we were invited for “a drink on Sunday morning“ by a retired couple nearby. We got there about noon, to find the living-room crowdedlots of chat and discussions, and on all a very jolly occasion. Trouble was, there was no foodno self-respecting Australian would regard a tray o
39、f crisps as food. In Sydney, when you are invited for a drink any time after midday on a Sunday, you know you will be fed as well as watered and you plan accordingly. Meaning the hard-worked little woman makes no plans to cook lunch because you are eating out. By one-fifteen my stomach was sending u
40、p “please explain“ to me. Even the crisps had gone. There was nothing we could do except wait, and wonder if the hostess was going to perform some magic and feed us fashionably late. Then, as quickly as if word had spread that there was free beer at the local pub, the room emptied. By one-forty-five
41、 there were only a few guests left, so we decided to go home. Tinned soup for lunch that day because the little woman was not really interested in real cooking for us. A few weeks ago we were invited out for “supper“ and the hostess suggested 8.15. Ah, we thought greedily, “this is going to be the r
42、eal thing“. We dressed with some careI putting on a dark suitand arrived on time. My wife looked pretty good, I thoughta little black dress and so on. But when we walked in I had a terrible feeling we had got the night wrong because the hostess was dressed in a daytime kind of way and the husband wa
43、s in jeans and an open-neck shirt. But no, we were greeted and shown into the sitting-room. After a drink I looked around and saw that this was indeed a superior cottage because it had a (more or less) separate dining-room. But there were no signs of a table-setting. Not again! I thought. Were we me
44、ant to eat before we came? I decided that in future my wife and I would always carry a chocolate bar. About 9.28 our hostess went out of the room, saying something about food. Ten minutes later she returned and asked us to follow. We were led out to the kitchen. There on the table were country-style
45、 plates and a huge bowl of soup, rough bread and all the makings of a simple meal. And that is what it was. In other words, we had not read the signals right when we were invited for “supper“. If they want you to come to dinner, they say so, and you know that means dark suits and so on. If they mean
46、 supper, they say it, and you get fed in the kitchen. If they make such a distinction between “dinner“ and “supper“, does this mean we were not worth making an all out effort for? Candles, best silver and all the rest? It is enough to give a person a complex. When you think about it, it“s pretty dep
47、ressing. They must use the dining-room sometimes, because they had all those high-backed chairs and candle-holders.（分数：12.50）(1).When the author and his wife were invited out for “a drink on Sunday morning“, they thought they would be_.（分数：2.50）A.the only people thereB.given lunch as wellC.taken to
48、a restaurant for lunchD.asked to take some food with them(2).The “party“ had been going on for about an hour and three quarters when_.（分数：2.50）A.the hostess decided to feed her guestsB.everyone had finned soup for lunchC.most of the guests went to lunch at the pubD.the author realized he would go ho
49、me hungry(3).When invited out for “supper“ a few weeks later, the writer_.（分数：2.50）A.expected to be served a proper dinnerB.arrived on the wrong eveningC.interpreted the invitation correctly this timeD.realized there was no dinning-room in the cottage(4).As the evening wore on, the writer became aware that_.（分数：2.50）A.no one used their dining-rooms in the countrysideB.he should have had a meal before going outC.“supper“ meant a simple, informal mealD.he should, in future, eat only chocolate in the evening(5).The writer eventually came to the co
