1、上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题 2016 年 03 月及答案解析(总分：300.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION 1: LISTENING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A: Spot Dictati(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Good morning. The discussion topic for today“s seminar is “Homelessness in America.“ In the United States, homelessness has 1 during the last decade. Estimates of the numb
2、er of Americans currently without 2 vary wildly. Advocacy groups like the National Coalition for the Homeless say that 3 Americans live on the streets or in emergency and temporary shelters. The US Department concerned puts the figure at 4 . Yet both bureaucrats and advocates agree on one point, tha
3、t is, the face of homelessness 5 in the past 10 years, as more and more low-income housing is mowed down 6 . Some 20 years ago, the typical “street person“ was a white male who suffered from a mental illness or 7 . Today“s homeless, however, are a more eclectic group. 8 of the homeless today are Bla
4、ck, mostly 9 . More than half of them have never been homeless before. In many cases, they have been evicted from their homes, or the 10 in which they lived was demolished or burned down. About 60 percent of all homeless people live on 11 with an average monthly income of 450 dollars. About 20 perce
5、nt are mentally ill. All sorts of people have been pushed out of 12 because of the critical shortage of affordable places to live. As a result, homelessness has climbed to the top of the 13 of social concerns. But there is a great gap between concern and active involvement 14 this growing problem. F
6、or many people, the inaction is 15 , not indifference. The fact is that there are many ways in which individuals can 16 . Yet for those people 17 , one of the first steps is to get to know the homeless and understand how they 18 . Many advocates believe that it is important for 19 to get to know and
7、 reach out to the homeless and 20 . （分数：30.00）三、Part B: Listening Co(总题数：4，分数：20.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation. （分数：5.00）A.She is overcharged by someone for her house maintenance.B.She is interested in becoming a builder herself.C.She needs to know basic principles of r
8、oof construction.D.She needs to find a book on roofs in the local library.A.She has had her house roof repaired.B.She has just retired.C.She has enrolled in some course.D.She has read a book on roofs.A.A roof with some straight pieces.B.A triangle structure to support a load.C.An insurance policy fo
9、r retirement.D.A panel point connecting joints.A.Sledges.B.Wind meters.C.Roof covers.D.Suspension bridges.A.He is a librarian.B.He is a repairman.C.He is a builder.D.He is a weatherman.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news. （分数：5.00）A.11.B.19.C.20.D.170.A.A wave of toxic mud travels down
10、 the Rio Doce River in Brazil.B.Many species of marine life such as the dolphins and whales face extinction.C.It has incurred heavy casualties including 11 people dead and 12 people missing.D.It has caused severe pollution in the Atlantic Ocean.A.Its sales representatives have been misleading their
11、customers in the purchase of computers.B.Its experts are not aware of the software installed on Dell“s PC computers worldwide.C.There is a certificate used as part of a support tool to make the Dell computer work faster.D.There is a security hole allowing access to bank details and other personal da
12、ta.A.Scientists are finding new ways in using microbubbles for medical treatment.B.Scientists are optimistic about the effectiveness of microbubbles to computers.C.In the near future, microbubbles will float through the human body to reflect stronger ultrasound waves.D.Beyond medicine, microbubbles
13、will revolutionise manufacturing processes of computer microchips.A.30 million.B.92 million.C.100 million.D.115 million.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview. （分数：5.00）A.Teachers.B.Relatives.C.Parents.D.Friends.A.Dyeing their hair.B.Falling in love.C.Making fashion statements.D.Wea
14、ring baggy pants.A.They are less communicative with their parents.B.They are monitored more and more at school.C.They become less talkative at home.D.They are more likely to change cell phones.A.When they start dating boyfriends or girlfriends.B.When they pierce their ears and change their hair styl
15、es.C.When they play video games on the Internet.D.When they do something dangerous or illegal.A.Remember not to use annoying language with children.B.Repeat what their parents said in childhood.C.Draw lessons from their own experience as teenagers.D.Try their best to enjoy or like their children“s a
16、ctivities.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk. （分数：5.00）A.By doing research work on middle-income boomer retirees.B.By asking current retirees about their happiness and regrets.C.By learning from those people who keep a modest living.D.By investigating pension plans and their effectiv
17、eness.A.Creating a retirement budget.B.Making new friends.C.Purchasing a new house.D.Developing new hobbies or interests.A.Being compelled to retire at an earlier time.B.Starting to save too late and saving too little.C.Not taking better care of one“s health.D.Not having a spending plan and carrying
18、 too much debt.A.20%.B.49%.C.70%.D.81%.A.The earlier you take steps to prepare for your retirement, the more you will enjoy retirement happiness.B.The more you travel with your old relatives and friends, the happier you will become in your family life.C.Most retired people are not happy with their l
19、ife and there are more regrets than happiness once they retire.D.You cannot live a decent life once you retire unless you have taken Social Security at the best time.四、SECTION 2: READING T(总题数：4，分数：50.00)Global average temperatures are set to rise by 1 above pre-industrial levels for the first time,
20、 as the world“s climate enters “uncharted territory“, scientists at the Met Office said. This year is also expected to be the hottest on record, with the temperatures so far in 2015 beating past records “by a country mile“, the meteorologists said. The World Meteorological Organization further annou
21、nced yesterday that 2016 would be the first year in which the average concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would be above 400 parts per million (ppm), because of the continued burning of fossil fuels. The three landmark indicators were announced three weeks before a crunch UN summit in
22、Paris starting on 30 November where world leaders including Barack Obama, Xi Jinping and David Cameron will try to reach a legally binding and universal deal on cutting emissions. The Met Office“s data from January to September 2015 already shows global average temperatures have risen by 1 compared
23、to pre-industrial times, for the first time. The increase is due to the “unequivocal“ influence of increasing carbon emissions combined with the El Nino climate phenomenon currently under way. The Met Office expects the full-year temperature for 2015 to remain above the 1 level. In contrast, it was
24、below 0.9C in 2014, marking a sharp increase in climate terms. “This is the first time we“re set to reach the 1 marker and it“s clear that it is human influence driving climate into uncharted territory,“ said Prof Stephen Belcher, “We have passed the halfway mark to the 2 target.“ The announcement o
25、f symbolic milestones in the runup to the Paris summit will increase pressure on negotiators to deliver a strong deal to avert the catastrophic global warming expected beyond 2 of warming. “Mother Nature has been kind to the French, but it should not be that way,“ said Prof Myles Allen from Oxford,
26、referring to the impetus the milestones should give to the Paris conference. “International negotiations on climate change should not be in hock to what happens.in the preceding nine months.“ In any case, he said: “The last three months of 2015 would have to be really odd to change projections of un
27、precedented warming for 2015 as we are beating the records by a country mile.“ Amber Rudd, the UK“s energy and climate change secretary, said: “Climate change is one of the most serious threats we face to our economic prosperity, poverty eradication and global security. Pledges to reduce emissions m
28、ade by countries are just the beginning. We need to ensure that as the costs of clean energy fall, countries can be more ambitious with their climate targets.“ Climate change is clear in the Central England Temperature record, which is the longest in the world and stretches back to 1772, said Ed Haw
29、kins, a climate scientist at the University of Reading. “We can see the fingerprint of global warming in our own backyard. Central England has warmed 20% more than the global average and we expect that to continue,“ he said. The impacts of climate change have been analysed in other research presente
30、d yesterday by the UK“s Avoid project. It found that, compared with unchecked global warming, keeping the temperature rise below 2 would reduce heatwaves by 89%, flooding by 76%, cropland decline by 41% and water stress by 26%. Joanna Haigh, professor of atmospheric physics said the last UN climate
31、summit in Denmark in 2009 failed, making Paris crucial in preventing widespread damage: “Copenhagen was generally considered a complete disaster, so it is very important that countries get together at Paris.“ Belcher said 4 of warming would be much more harmful than simply doubling the impacts expec
32、ted with 2 . He said the European heatwave of 2003 with 70,000 deaths would be “a rather mild summer“ in a 4 world. The Met Office report also showed that two-thirds of the world“s “carbon budget“the maximum CO 2 that can be emitted over time to keep below 2had been used up by the end of 2014. But o
33、nly one-third of the sea-level rise expected from 2 of warming60cm by 2100has so far occurred, because of the time it takes for large ice sheets to melt. Prof Andrew Shepherd, at the University of Leeds, said a recent NASA study indicating that ice mass grew in Antarctica from 2003-2008 was contradi
34、cted by 57 other studies and had just a 5-10% chance of being a correct prediction.（分数：12.50）(1).Which of the following can serve as the title of the passage?（分数：2.50）A.Climate change: Threat to Prosperity, Poverty Eradication and Global SecurityB.The last major UN climate summit in Denmark: a compl
35、ete disasterC.The significance of the Central England Temperature recordD.The Unpredictable Impacts of the Rising Global Average Temperature by 1(2).The author uses all of the following as indicators of unprecedented warming EXCEPT that _.（分数：2.50）A.global average temperatures have first risen by 1
36、compared with pre-industrial timesB.global temperatures of 2015 are expected to be the hottest, beating all past recordsC.the influence of increasing CO2emissions combined with the E1 Nino climate phenomenon has become the strongestD.the average concentration of CO2in the air would be above 400ppm i
37、n 2016(3).The quotation marks used in the expression “the “unequivocal“ influence of increasing carbon emissions“ (para.2) mainly tell us that such influence _.（分数：2.50）A.is clear-cut and fully supported by evidenceB.might be much more complicated and need more investigationC.will never be clarified
38、 and well definedD.cannot be concluded through mere observation and analysis(4).The phrase “be in hock to“ from paragraph 4 can best be paraphrased as _.（分数：2.50）A.be under the control withB.be attributed toC.be on the shelf withD.be confined to(5).Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the pass
39、age?（分数：2.50）A.In a 4 world, the destruction would be more than doubling the impacts with 2.B.The “carbon budget“ of the world would be used up long before 2100.C.The prediction of 2003-2008 ice mass growth in Antarctica was overoptimistic.D.It would take more time to reach the sea-level rise expect
40、ed from 2 of warming.I once attended a Downing Street reception where Tony Blair invited questions from leading magazine editors. One woman, from a big consumer title, asked if New Labour had plans to tax one-use plastic bags that were destroying the environment. Blair pulled a mock-baffled “Hey, gu
41、ys, I“m busy running the country here“ face and answered in a tone of purest condescension. This was around 2005, a few years after Ireland, with little fuss at all, had introduced a small charge for plastic bags. Within a year, everyone had learnt to keep a jute sack or string shopper under their d
42、esk, and this young, adaptable, upbeat nation had cut the number of bags cluttering Irish hedgerows by 94%. It is such an easy, clever bit of nudge politics, which has already worked right across northern Europe. (Is it not strange that we each use 158 plastic bags a year but a Dane only four?) And
43、yet here we are in Englandfour years after Wales, two after Northern Ireland, a year after Scotlandbringing it in at last on Monday. And unlike the devolved nations, England can“t just keep it simple and charge 5p for bags in all stores, but only those with more than 250 employees. Corner shops in A
44、berdeen have coped, yet those in London can“t. The light from an explosion in deep space can take billions of years to be seen on Earth. And the gap between a social ill being identified, backed by irrefutable scientific evidence, and parliament changing the law, is often almost as long. That cigare
45、ttes are poisonous and young lungs fragile have been beyond doubt since the 1950s, yet it only became illegal for smokers to inflict their fumes upon children in cars this week. Even now, some libertarians grumble that enjoying an aprs school pick-up fag is every parent“s right and, besides, haven“t
46、 the police got better things to do? Yes, they have. But, still, progress is worth defending. And improvements in our lives are rarely brought about by vast, sweeping changes but by small, incremental shifts. Those simple life-savers, the Clean Air Acts, seatbelt and motorcycle helmet legislation: a
47、ll regarded as quirky and inconvenient in their time. Every generation looks upon the unthinking habits of its parents and asks: why the hell did you do that? In Mad Men Don Draper is shown taking a last swig of his beer in a picnic, then lobbing the bottle deep into the forest. According to creator
48、 Matthew Weiner this was the show“s most controversial scene., horrified young people would ask him if their grandparents were really so crass? But in early-1960s America there was little stigma in dumping your trash. Back in the 1970s being capable of driving when lashed was a prized adult skill, w
49、e let our dogs defile parks and would have thought anyone who scooped up still-warm poop in little bags totally mad. And maybe we will look back at the plastic bag era in similar terms. How could these people use up all the oil, choke turtles and block flood defences, just to make carrying shopping home easier? A non-brand plastic bag flapping about on a tree, too high up to reach, is the ensign of our age. It is the saddest, most hopeless manifestation of a disposable age built upon laziness and greed. In the film American Beauty the misfit Ricky vid
