1、职称英语理工类 C 级-14 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.China does a lot of trade with many countries.（分数：1.00）A.a great deal ofB.a great many ofC.a large number ofD.a great level of2.You look smart in the new suit.（分数：1.00）A.cleverB.handsomeC.loyalD.brave3.I am heartily gratefu
2、l to your help.（分数：1.00）A.helpfulB.hatefulC.delightfulD.thankful4.I was astonished at the news of his escape.（分数：1.00）A.amusedB.amountedC.amazedD.approached5.Five minutes left, the outcome of the match was still in doubt.（分数：1.00）A.resultB.judgmentC.decisionD.event6.A crowd gathered to see what had
3、happened.（分数：1.00）A.collectedB.fixedC.dividedD.assist7.The reporter was accused of unprofessional conduct.（分数：1.00）A.movementB.wordsC.principleD.behavior8.He hasnt the funds to carry out his design.（分数：1.00）A.makeB.keepC.changeD.implement9.He made a considerable sum of money in real estate.（分数：1.00）
4、A.largeB.positiveC.powerfulD.realistic10.Do you follow what I am saying?（分数：1.00）A.changeB.investigateC.writeD.understand11.Its almost 5 oclock, time to quit.（分数：1.00）A.increaseB.stopC.continueD.keep12.We are going to have the TV fixed.（分数：1.00）A.preparedB.mendedC.cleanedD.arranged13.An old friend c
5、alled on me the day before yesterday.（分数：1.00）A.telephonedB.rangC.visitedD.saw14.She eventually married the most persistent one of her admirers.（分数：1.00）A.in a wayB.in due courseC.in the endD.in any case15.The boys broke into excited cheering.（分数：1.00）A.burstB.blastedC.burnedD.blazed二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B
6、(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提的是正确信息，请选择 A：如果该句提的是错误信息，请选择 B：如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。Irradiating FoodIrradiating fruits, vegetables, pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration over the past decade or so. Irradiation of othe
7、r meats, such as beef and lamb, is being reviewed. Federal approval does not require that industry adopt the process, and few food processors presently offer irradiated products.Market studies have shown that many consumers are afraid that eating irradiated foods may cause cancer, despite scientific
8、 studies that prove the safety of treated foods. Some people argue that more severe government inspection, higher food-safety standard and more careful-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food is safe. Consequently, companies currently see no need to spend millio
9、ns of dollars outfitting processing plants with the equipment necessary for a process that very few shoppers are in favor of.All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label the food either directly on the packaging, or, in the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables, by placing a sign ne
10、arby. There is no requirement for the labeling of irradiated food served by chain restaurants or hospitals that buy directly from distributors, nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients.Presently, the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiation - gamma rays
11、 (伽马射线), high-energy electrons, and X rays - and sets limits on doses, depending on the type of food. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill most harmful insects and bacteria present in it. Different types of food,
12、 because of their molecular compositions, may require different doses of radiation.（分数：7.00）(1).Killing insects and bacteria present in foods by irradiating is completely approved by the US government.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).A great many food processors produce irritated
13、 foods.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).Many consumers suspect the safety of irradiated foods and suggest the government inspect them severely .（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).Some companies foresee the bankruptcy of food processing factories.（分数：1.00）A.A. Ri
14、ght B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Irradiated fruits and vegetables do not need to be labelled.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Restaurants can serve irradiated food bought directly from distributors without labeling it.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).Accor
15、ding to the passage, FDA approves irradiating food to some extent but irradiated food is not widely accepted.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 36 段每段选择 1 个最佳标题：(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。Intellig
16、ence: a Changed View1. Intelligence was believed to be a fixed entity(存在，实体), some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some way the extent of our achievements. Its value therefore, was as a predictor of childrens future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability
17、 to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within school was obvious. Intelligence tests could be used for streaming(分组) children according to ability at an early age; and at 11 these
18、 tests were superior to measures of attainment for selecting children for different types of secondary education.2. Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, research has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intel
19、ligence itself. There is considerable evidence now which shows e great influence of environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and intelligence tests but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared wi
20、th that of their more fortunate classmates.3. There are evidences that support the view that we have to distinguish between genetic intelligence and observed intelligence. Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will restrict development no matter how stimulating the environment. We cannot observe a
21、nd measure innate(内在的) intelligence, whereas we can measure the effects of the interaction(相互作用) of whatever is inherited with whatever stimulation has been received from the environment. Researches have been investigation what happens in this interaction.4. Two major findings have emerged from thes
22、e researches. Firstly, the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. It is estimated that 50 per cent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predicable by the age of four. Secondly, the most important factors in the environment are langua
23、ge and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between “privileged“ and “disadvantaged“ children may be due to the latters lack of appropriate verbal stimulation (激发，促进) and the poverty of their perceptual experiences.5. These research
24、findings have led to a revision in our understanding of the nature of intelligence. Instead of it being some largely inherited fixed power of the mind, we now see it as a set of developed skills with which a person copes with any environment. These skills have to be learned and, indeed, one of them
25、is learning how to learn.6. The modern ideas concerning the nature of intelligence are bound to have some effect on our school system. In one respect a change is already occurring. With the move toward comprehensive education and the development of unstreamed classes, fewer children will be given th
26、e label “low IQ“ which must inevitably condemn a child in his own, if not societys eyes. The idea that we can teach children to be intelligent in the same way that we can teach them reading or arithmetic is accepted by more and more people.A. Effect of Environment on IntelligenceB. Difference Betwee
27、n Genetic Intelligence and Observed IntelligenceC. Main Results of Recent ResearchesD. Environment and AchievementE. Impact on School EducationF. A changed View of Intelligence（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 2 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Paragraph 4 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Paragraph 5 _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Paragraph 6
28、_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_A. teach children to be intelligentB. whatever stimulation has been received from the environmentC. and because of the lack of communication with his classmatesD. a predictor of childrens future learningE. taught to be more intelligentF. language and psychological aspects of the par
29、ent-child relationship（分数：4.00）(1).Intelligence was once believed to be a fixed entity, valued as _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).We can measure the effects of the interaction of whatever is inherited with _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The most important factors in the environment are _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).We can _ i
30、n the same way that we can teach them reading.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最佳选项。B第一篇/BHair DetectivesScientists have found a way to use hair to figure out where a person is from and where that person has been. The finding could help solve cri
31、mes, among other useful applications.Water is central to the new technique. Our bodies break water down into its parts: hydrogen(氢)and oxygen. Atoms (原子) of these two elements end up in our tissues and hair.But not all water is the same. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can vary in how much they weigh. Dif
32、ferent forms of a single element are called isotopes(同位素). And depending on where you live, tap water contains unique proportions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.Might hair record these watery quirks(古怪举动；怪僻). Thats what James R. Ehleringer, an environmental scientist at t
33、he University of Utah in Salt Lake City, wondered.To find out, he and his colleagues collected hair from barbers and hair stylists(发型师)in 65 cities in 18 states across the United States. The researchers assumed that the hair they collected came from people who lived in the area.Even though people dr
34、ink a lot of bottled water these days, the scientists found that hair overwhelmingly(压倒性地) reflected the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in local tap water. Thats probably because people usually cook their food in the local water. Whats more, most of the other liquids people drink inc
35、luding milk and soft drinks contain large amounts of water that also come from sources within their region.Scientists already knew how the composition of water varies throughout the country. Ehleringer and colleagues combined that information with their results to predict the composition of hair in
36、people from different regions. One hair sample used in Ehleringers study came from a man who had recently moved from Beijing, China, to Salt Lake City. As his hair grew, it reflected his change in location.The new technique cant point to exactly where a person is from, because similar types of water
37、 appear in different regions that span a broad area. But authorities can now use the information to analyze hair samples from criminals or crime victims and narrow their search for clues(线索).（分数：15.00）(1).What does the writer say about tap water? Which of the following is NOT correct?（分数：3.00）A.Tap
38、water reflects the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in different regions.B.Tap water is a kind of soft drink in the United States.C.Tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.D.Tap water is used to cook food.(2).James R. Ehleringer tried to find out（分数：3.0
39、0）A.if our bodies break water down into its parts.B.if it is possible to collect hair samples across the country.C.if tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.D.if the composition of hair can indicate exactly where people are from.(3).Which of the following statements
40、 is meant by the writer?（分数：3.00）A.Ehleringer was successful in his research.B.Ehleringer failed in his research.C.Ehleringer can be a successful detective.D.Ehleringers research proved successful in China.(4).What does the last paragraph tell you?（分数：3.00）A.The new technique can tell precisely wher
41、e a person lives.B.Water supplied in different regions all come from the same source.C.Types of water used in different regions provide useful information for the police.D.Hair samples provide the most important clues to identify crimes.(5).Which of the following is closest in meaning to the title?（
42、分数：3.00）A.Human hair may help detectives to solve crimes.B.Animal hair may help detectives to solve crimes.C.Detectives watch hairy criminals closely.D.Most detectives are hair specialists.B第二篇/BPushbike PerilLow speed bicycle crashes can badly injure or even kill children if they fall onto the ends
43、 of the handlebars(车把) so a team of engineers is redesigning the humble handlebar in a bid to make it safer.Kristy Arbogast, a bioengineer at the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, began the project with her colleagues after a study of serious abdominal(腹部的) injuries in children in
44、the past 30 years showed that more than a third were caused by bicycle accidents. “The task was to identify how the injuries occurred and come up with some countermeasures(对策).“ she says.By interviewing the children and their parents, Arbogast and her team were able to reconstruct(重建；重构) many of the
45、 accidents and identified a common mechanism responsible for serious injures. They discovered that most occur when children hit an obstacle at a slow speed, causing them to topple over. To maintain their balance they turn the handlebars through 90 degrees, but their momentum (冲力) forces them into th
46、e end of the handlebars. The bike then falls over and the other end of the handlebars hits the ground, ramming it into their abdomen.The solution the group came up with is a handgrip(握柄) fitted with a spring and damping(制动的；减速的，缓冲的) system. The spring absorbs up to 50 per cent of the forces transmit
47、ted through the handlebars in an impact. The group hopes to commercialize(使商品化) the device, which should add only a few dollars to the cost of a bike. “But our task has been one of education because up until now, bicycle manufacturer were unaware of the problem. “ says Arbogast.The team has also app
48、roached the US Consumer Product Safety Commission to try to persuade manufacturers to adopt the new design. A decision is expected later this year.（分数：15.00）(1).According to the passage, some engineers are trying to improve the handlebars because（分数：3.00）A.they are not noble enough.B.they may kill c
49、hildren.C.they are likely to crash.D.they make the bike move at a low speed.(2).In paragraph 2, the author mentions a study of serious abdominal injuries（分数：3.00）A.to discuss how abdominal injuries in children occur.B.to show that more than a third injuries were caused by bicycle accidents.C.to point out what the countermeasures can be.D.to tell us why Kris
