1、职称英语卫生类 C级-11 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Under-used computer equipment can proliferate in large companies without a system to monitor purchasing.（分数：1.00）A.knowB.orderC.screenD.watch2.The employer dictated the letter to his secretary, who wrote it down in shorthand.
2、（分数：1.00）A.deliveredB.handedC.readD.revealed3.It was no surprise when we were told that our grandfather had passed away.（分数：1.00）A.survivedB.gone outC.diedD.gone on a trip4.We are engaged in the interdisciplinary field of the science and technology of materials.（分数：1.00）A.take upB.busy withC.interes
3、ted inD.take in5.The unemployment rate may rise slightly.（分数：1.00）A.a lotB.a littleC.quicklyD.sharply6.The original application card has gone astray.（分数：1.00）A.newB.includedC.outdatedD.lost7.The audience applauded enthusiastically after the performance at the Grand Old Opera.（分数：1.00）A.clappedB.laug
4、hedC.chattedD.contributed8.The grasshopper is an insect that can leap about twenty times the length of its own body.（分数：1.00）A.jumpB.seeC.hearD.call9.The April edition (covering copies, overseas deliveries and office cleaning) is now available.（分数：1.00）A.recoveringB.tellingC.cuttingD.dealing with10.
5、Youll be agreeably surprised by its reasonable price.（分数：1.00）A.cheapB.expensiveC.standardizedD.same11.I understand that George can play piano by ear; is that true?（分数：1.00）A.without dependence on written musicB.with his eyes closedC.by hitting the keys with his earsD.by someone who spoke into his e
6、ar12.Phil Harris was hurtled into the business world at an age when most of todays teenagers are battling with “0“ levels.（分数：1.00）A.startedB.enteredC.thoughtD.rushed13.If the right first more on the puzzle above has you stumped, look in the back of this magazine under Creative Problem Solving.（分数：1
7、.00）A.boredB.angriedC.sadD.confused14.Their talents are not only enormous but durable.（分数：1.00）A.elasticB.lastingC.flexibleD.suitable15.Annual renewal is automatic.（分数：1.00）A.every weekB.every monthC.every yearD.everyday二、B第 2部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。Researchers
8、have known for years that animals have a “clock“ somewhere in their brains a control-centre that regulates circadian(生物节奏的) rhythms. Circadian rhythms are the bodys daily biological cycles, controlling such activities as sleep and wakefulness. In November 1988, neuroscientists at the University of V
9、irginia in Charlotteville reported that the supra chasmatic nucleus(SCN), a small cluster(束)of cells in the middle of the brain that neuroscientists have long suspected of playing a role in daily rhythms, is the long-sought biological clock.The investigators performed a series of tissue-transplant e
10、xperiments with hamsters (仓鼠). Some of the animals were normal hamsters, which have a circadian cycle of 24 hours; the others were mutant(变异型)hamsters whose cycles were only 20 or 22 hours long.The scientists first removed the SCN from the brans of the hamsters in both groups. They then implanted an
11、 SCN from a mutant hamster into the brain of each normal animal, and vice versa. When the hamsters had recovered from their operations, the circadian rhythms of the two groups were reversed. The normal hamsters had a daily cycle of 20 to 22 hours, and the mutants were on a 24-hour cycle.The identifi
12、cation of the internal clock is an important stepping-stone in understanding the basic, automatic mechanisms of brain function. It may also help in finding ways to relieve human sleep disorders.（分数：7.00）(1).The purpose of the experiments was to fund out how the clock works.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. W
13、rong C.C. Not mentioned(2).the identification of the internal clock may help to relieve human sleeping problems.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).The normal hamsters had a daily cycle of 24 hour, and the mutants were on a 20- hour cycle.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not ment
14、ioned(4).SCN plays a role in daily rhythms.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Scientists are cruel to do experiments with hamsters.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).Biological clock tells time.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(7).Hamsters have sle
15、eping problems.（分数：1.00）A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6个选项中为规定段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6个选项中选择 4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。1. Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we are to solve the n
16、ursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israels example.2. At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history
17、to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centred on the patients illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.3. The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalisation, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a pati
18、ent at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.4. Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized (分散的)nursing administration; every floor,
19、 every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each units nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts
20、 and when.5. Beth Israels nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors.（分数：8.00）(1).Para 1 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Para 2 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Para 3 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_
21、(4).Para 4 _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Follow Beth Israels example, if we are to solve the _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Each units nurses decide among themselves who will work _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).There are nurse-managers instead
22、 of _. A. true college（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、B第 4部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：45.00)下面有 3篇短文，每篇短文后有 5道题，每题后面有 4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4个选项中选择 1个最佳答案。B第一篇/BAn independent inquiry into out of hours services of family doctors in Scotland has concluded that the introduction of GP cooperatives has been a positive d
23、evelopment that is benefiting both patients and doctors.The working group that drew up the report, however, has expressed some concern about the treatment of children and difficulties faced by some patients in arranging their own transport to travel to emergency centers. Improvements are being sough
24、t by the Scottish Office on these issues to improve the quality, fairness, and responsiveness of the system.The inquiry was prompted by the deaths of two babies in Ayrshire after the local cooperative, Ayrshire Doctors on Call, provided telephone advice but declined requests for home visits. Parents
25、 of the dead children criticized the cooperative for failing to send out a doctor.The parents supported a campaign that called for automatic home visits to be provided for certain groups of patients, such as children and elderly people. That idea has been rejected by the inquiry team, which said tha
26、t neither patient nor professional groups accepted the value of policies that would provide automatic home visits. Instead, it is recommended that cooperatives carry out more effective monitoring of treatment for children, including reviewing complaints and critical incidents.The first GP cooperativ
27、es were formed three years ago to take over out of hours calls from individual practices, but they were established with different working practices. The report notes that variation exists in transport arrangements, with some cooperatives providing free transport to emergency centers and others requ
28、iring people often make their own arrangements. Health board have been ordered to report on the fairness of transport arrangements in their area.Guidelines are also to be introduced to ensure that cooperatives are working to similar high standards. They will include arrangements that will allow pati
29、ents to make contact with an out of hours service with a single phone call. Initiatives are also planned to help GPs in rural areas who have been unable to benefit from the development of cooperatives. An extra 540 000 is being provided to pay for these developments.（分数：15.00）(1).What does the passa
30、ge mainly deal with?（分数：3.00）A.The introduction of GP cooperatives has been a negative development.B.GP Cooperatives in Scotland benefit patients and doctors.C.GP cooperatives have some disadvantages which would do harm to patients.D.GP cooperatives are well-developed in Scotland.(2).The world “issu
31、es“ is Line 3 Paragraph 2 can mostly be replaced by_.（分数：3.00）A.problemsB.troublesC.casesD.difficulties(3).The services GP cooperatives provide are _.（分数：3.00）A.medical advice on the phone and treatment of patients who are sent to hospitalsB.arranging ambulance for patients and home visits for certa
32、in groups of patientsC.home visits for children and elderly peopleD.establishment emergency ward(4).The following statements conform to the passage except _.（分数：3.00）A.GP cooperatives were established with different medical unitsB.transport arrangements and quality of services provided by different
33、medical units are not of the same standardsC.patients request for fairness of transport arrangementsD.cooperatives should make improvement in the treatment of children(5).The inquiry teams advice to the cooperatives is _.（分数：3.00）A.to strengthen the monitoring role in the treatment for childrenB.to
34、improve the quality, fairness of the systemC.to help GPs in the citiesD.to cooperate with local hospitalsB第二篇/BThe idea of test-tube babies may make you starry-eyed with delight at the wonders of modern medicine or bleary-eyed with considering the moral/legal implications of starting life in a labor
35、atory. But if youve ever been pregnant(怀孕)yourself, one thing is certain: You wonder what its like to carry a test-tube baby. Are these pregnancies normal? Are the babies normal?The earliest answers come from Australia, where a group of medical experts at the Queen Victoria Medical Center in Melbour
36、ne have taken a look at the continents first nine seemed to proceed according to plan, but at birth some unusual trends did show up. Seven of the nine babies turned out to be girls. Six of the nine were delivered by Caesarean section(剖腹产术). And one baby, a twin, was born with a serious heart defect
37、and a few days later developed life-threatening abdominal problems.What does it all mean? Even the doctors dont know for sure, because the numbers are so small. The proportion of girls to boys is high, but until there are many more test-tube babies no one will know whether thats pure coincidence(巧合)
38、or something special. The same thing is true of the single heart defect; it usually shows up in only 15 out of 60,000 births in that part of Australia, but the fact that it occurred in one out of nine test-tube babies does not necessarily mean that they are at special risk. One thing the doctors can
39、 explain is the high number of Caesareans.The Australian researchers report that they are quite encouraged. All the babies are now making nomal progress-even the twin with the birth defects.（分数：15.00）(1).The passage imples that the first test-tube babies were born in_.（分数：3.00）A.CanadaB.BritainC.Ame
40、ricaD.Australia(2).Which of the following statement best describes the organization of the passage?（分数：3.00）A.A problem is examined and possible reasons and solutions are given.B.A procedure is explained and its importance is emphasized.C.Two contrasting views of a problem are presented.D.Recent sci
41、entific advancements are outlined in order of importance.(3).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned?（分数：3.00）A.People are not sure of the reason why the proportion of test-tube girls to boys is high.B.Heart defect usually occurs in only 15 out of 60,000 in Australia.C.Hear
42、t defect shows up in one out of nine test-tube babies.D.The test-tube babies are growing well.(4).Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?（分数：3.00）A.The Proportion of Test-tube Girls to BoysB.Are Test-tube Babies Healthy?C.The Social Meaning of the Idea of Test-tub
43、e BabiesD.The Moral Issue Associated with Test-tube Babies(5).Where did the passage most probably appear?（分数：3.00）A.In a specialized publication for moral philosophers.B.In a specialized report for doctors.C.In a weekly news magazine with a large readership.D.On the front page of a daily newspaper.B
44、第三篇/BAmerican officials have announced rules to help prevent people from getting sick from the medicines they take. The rules require the medicines Americans use most to have information that is easy to read and understand. The officials say the new system will help people make more informed decisio
45、ns about the drugs they use.More and more people use medicines known as over-the counter drugs to treat common health problems. Americans buy 5, 000,000,000 such products each year.About 100,000 over-the-counter drugs can be purchased in the United States without orders from a doctor. Many people de
46、cide on their own which drug to take, how to take it, and if it should be given to their children. Over-the-counter drugs are generally very safe. However, using them the wrong way can be dangerous. Officials say hospitals in the United States treat 170,000 people each year because the drugs make th
47、em sick.Studies estimate that half of these hospital visits could be prevented if Americans were better educated about the products.The Food and Drug Administration proposed the new rules two years ago. FDA officials say they worked with the drug industry and public interest groups to develop the re
48、quirements. The agency also received almost 2,000 public comments about the proposals.The new information should make it easier for people to identify active chemicals used in a medicine. This information will be listed at the top of the product container. The label also will list uses of the drug,
49、warnings, and directions. Chemicals in the drug which are not active also will be listed. The reason for this is to let Americans select products that will not make them sick.（分数：15.00）(1).Over-the-counter drugs are the medicines _.（分数：3.00）A.that treat common health problemsB.that have warnings at the top of their conta
