1、职称英语卫生类 C 级真题 2013 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项（第 1-15 题，每题 1(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.The （odd ）thing was that he didnt recognize me. （分数：1.00）A.strangeB.realC.wholeD.same2.He was （tempted） by the high salary offered by the company. （分数：1.00）A.taughtB.keptC.changedD.attracted3.The （frame） ne
2、eds to be strong enough to support the engine. （分数：1.00）A.structureB.bottomC.surfaceD.top4.We found （shelter） from the rain under the tree. （分数：1.00）A.defenseB.standingC.protectionD.room5.We have to change the publics （perception） that money is everything. （分数：1.00）A.sightB.beliefC.interestD.pressur
3、e6.It seems （incredible） that he had been there a week already. （分数：1.00）A.rightB.obviousC.unbelievableD.unclear7.This was an unexceptionally （brutal） attack. （分数：1.00）A.cruelB.openC.suddenD.direct8.“There is no other choice,” she said in a （harsh） voice. （分数：1.00）A.firmB.softC.deepD.unkind9.She get
4、s （aggressive） when she is drunk. （分数：1.00）A.offensiveB.worriedC.sleepyD.anxious10.I （grabbed） his arm and made him turn to look at me. （分数：1.00）A.threwB.seizedC.brokeD.stretched11.Traffic reaches its （rush hour） between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning. （分数：1.00）A.borderB.goalC.peakD.level12.That perfo
5、rmance was （pretty） impressive. （分数：1.00）A.completelyB.beautifullyC.veryD.equally13.She （came across） three children sleeping under a bridge. （分数：1.00）A.found by chanceB.passed byC.took a notice ofD.woke up14.I tried to （detach） myself from the reality of these terrible events. （分数：1.00）A.bringB.put
6、C.setD.separate15.I have little information （as regards） her fitness for the post. （分数：1.00）A.atB.withC.fromD.about二、第 2 部分：阅读判断（第 16-22 题，每题(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Promising Results from Cancer Study A new experimental vaccine (疫苗) has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer. In a small Tex
7、as-based study, a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas, USA, cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others. Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study. Forty-three patients suffering from lung ca
8、ncer were involved in these trials. Ten of these patients were in the early stages and thirty-three in the advanced stages of the disease. They were injected with the vaccine every two weeks for three months, and were carefully monitored for three years. In three of the patients in the advanced stag
9、es of cancer, the disease disappeared and in the others, it did not spread for five to twenty-four months. However, no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness. This new vaccine uses the patients own immune system. It is made specifically for each patient and is i
10、njected into the arm or leg. It stimulates the bodys immune system, which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful, and attacks and destroys them. The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer. It offers great hope for the treatment of cancer in general, although further stud
11、ies are needed before such treatment can be widely used.（分数：7.00）(1).The vaccine cured all the participants in the trial.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Over forty people participated in the study. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).Patients in the early stages of the disease recove
12、red more quickly in the trial. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).All the patients were from Dallas. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Every patient was injected with the same vaccine.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The vaccine activates the immune system. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.
13、WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The vaccine may be useful for treating other cancers. （分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子（第 23-3(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Music Used As Healing Therapy 1 Music has long been used to treat patients suffering from different problems. In 400 BC, its healing properties
14、were documented by the ancient Greeks. More recently, in both world wars in the last century, medical workers used music therapy (疗法）with people suffering from trauma (外伤).Currently, it is used as a treatment for many diseases, such as cancer, and it has also been used with patients with long-term p
15、ain and learning disabilities. 2 There is growing evidence that music can cause physical changes to the body which can improve our health. In the Welcome Trust study, which took place over three years at the Chelsea and Westminster hospital in London, patients were asked to listen to musical perform
16、ances. As a result, it was found that stress levels were significantly reduced, recovery times were improved, and fewer drugs were needed. 3 These very positive results are partly due to general well-being （良好的健康状况). It is already accepted that when people feel happy and have a positive approach to
17、life, they are more likely to feel better and recover from disease quickly. Music increases this feeling of joy and adds to the recovery process. 4 However, not all these benefits can be attributed to an increase in general well-being. Music has other effects which have not yet been understood. Acco
18、rding to Professor Robertson, a scientist and musician, some effects of music are mysterious and are, therefore, being investigated further, it has been suggested that the sounds and rhythms of music help stimulate the brain and send electrical messages to the muscles. 5 Science, however, demands fa
19、cts and hard evidence. Many in the medical profession have not yet recognized the healing benefits of music, since reports have been based mainly on various stories of evidence. These new studies could provide proof to doctors that music is a suitable treatment for many conditions. One day doctors m
20、ay even “prescribe“(开处方）music, but that could be a long time in the future.（分数：8.00）(1).A. Potential dangers of music therapy B. Increase in general well-being C. History of music therapy D. Other mysterious effects of music E. Positive physical changes caused by music F. Music and your body Paragra
21、ph 1_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(5).A. recover from disease quickly B. there is not enough hard evidence C. use their minds actively D. it improves general well-being E. listen to musical perform
22、ances F. it brings many other benefits Researchers have found that patients stress levels decrease when they_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(6).Music can treat patients partly because_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(7).Those who always look on the bright side of life are more likely to_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(8).Many doc
23、tors dont believe that music can treat diseases because_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.四、第 4 部分：阅读理解（第 31-45 题，每题(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇 The Development of Ballet Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed. Ballet began in
24、 the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it became common for kings and queens, as well as other nobility, to participate in pageants that included music, poetry, and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones, court ladies began participating in th
25、em. Though their long dresses prevented much movement, they were able to perform elaborate walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts, changed to flat shoes, and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men. It was also in the 1600s that profes
26、sional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer
27、simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers to rise on their toes to make it appear that were floating. Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested i
28、n ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid-1800s. One of the most influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev. His dance company, the Ballets Russes, brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants, George Balanchine, went on to
29、 found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.（分数：15.00）(1).This passage deals mainly with （分数：3.00）A.famous names in ballet.B.how ballet has developed.C.Russian ballet.D.why ballet is no longer popular.(2).The word “pageants“ in Paragraph 2 means （分数：3.00）A.big
30、 shows.B.dances.C.instructions.D.royal courts.(3).Professional ballet was first performed in （分数：3.00）A.France.B.Italy.C.Russia.D.America.(4).Who had an important influence on early ballet? （分数：3.00）A.Balanchine.B.Antoinette.C.Diaghilev.D.Louis XIV.(5).We can conclude from this passage that ballet （
31、分数：3.00）A.is a dying art.B.will continue to change.C.is currently performed only in Russia.D.is often performed by dancers with little training.第二篇 Late-night Drinking Coffee lovers, be careful. Having a quick “pick-me-up“ cup of coffee late in the day will interrupt your sleep. As well as being a s
32、timulant (兴奋剂), caffeine interrupts the flow of melatonin (褪黑激素)，the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep. Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 am and 4 am, before falling again. “Its the neurohormone (神经激素) that controls our slee
33、p and tells our body when to sleep and when to wake,“ says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Steep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the bodys levels of this sleep hormone. Lotan Shito and a team at the
34、 Sapir Medical Center in Tel Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf (脱咖啡因咖啡). On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decaf. T
35、hey also took half an hour to drop off, twice as long as usual. In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine (尿）sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin
36、 concentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine, the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme (餘) that drives melatonin production. Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the bod
37、y, Ohayon recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch.（分数：15.00）(1).The author mentions “pick-me-up” to indicate that （分数：3.00）A.melatonin levels need to be raised.B.coffee is a stimulant.C.neurohormone can wake us up.D.caffeine can balance our brain hormone.(2).Which of the following
38、tells us how caffeine affects sleep? （分数：3.00）A.It blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production.B.It interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleepingC.It halves the bodys levels of sleep hormone.D.It stays in the body for many hours.(3).What does Paragraph 3 m
39、ainly discuss? （分数：3.00）A.Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on steep.B.Lotan Shilos research design on sleep.C.What the subjects did after drinking decaf at night.D.Why some subjects took half an hour to fall asleep.(4).The experiment mentioned in Paragraph 4 finds that caffeine drin
40、kers （分数：3.00）A.produce less melatonin.B.sleep longer than decaf drinkers.C.produce more urine at nightD.wake up every three hours.(5).Ohayon advises coffee lovers （分数：3.00）A.to drink less coffee during the day.B.to take decaf after lunch.C.not to go to bed after taking coffee.D.not to drink coffee
41、after supper第三篇 The Worlds Best-Selling Medicine Since ancient times, people all over the world have used willow to stop pain. The willow tree contains salicylic acid (水杨酸). This stops pain, but there is one problem. Salicylic acid also hurts the stomach. In 1853, a French scientist made a mixture f
42、rom willow that did not hurt the stomach. However, his mixture was difficult to make, and he did not try to produce or sell it. In 1897, in Germany, Felix Hoffmann also made a mixture with salicylic acid. He tried it himself first and then gave it to his father because his father was old and in a lo
43、t of pain. His fathers pain went away, and the mixture did not hurt his stomach. Hoffmann worked for Bayer, a German company. He showed his new drug to his manager, who tested the drug and found that it worked well. Bayer decided to make the drug. They called it aspirin and put the Bayer name on eve
44、ry pill. Aspirin was an immediate success. Almost everyone has pain of some kind, so aspirin answered a true need. Aspirin was cheap, easy to take, and effective, it also lowered fevers. Aspirin was a wonder drug. At first, Bayer sold the drug through doctors, who then sold it to their patients. In
45、1915, the company started to sell aspirin in drugstores. In the United States, Bayer had a patent on the drug. Other companies could make similar products and sell them in other countries, but only Bayer could make and sell aspirin in the United States. In time, Bayer could no longer own the name as
46、pirin in the United States. Other companies could make it there, too. However, Bayer aspirin was the most well known, and for many years, it was the market leader. By the 1950s, new painkillers were on the market. Aspirin was no longer the only way to treat pain and reduce fever. Bayer and other com
47、panies looked for other drugs to make. However, in the 1970s they got a surprise. Doctors noticed that patients who were taking aspirin had fewer heart attacks than other people. A British researcher named John Vane found the reason aspirin helped to prevent heart attacks. In 1982, he won the Nobel
48、Prize for his research. Doctors started to tell some of their patients to take aspirin every day to prevent heart attacks. It has made life better for the many people who take it. It has also made a lot of money for companies like Bayer that produce and sell it!（分数：15.00）(1).Why didnt the French sci
49、entist continue to make the medicine that stopped pain? （分数：3.00）A.It didnt work well.B.It was hard to make.C.It hurt the stomach.D.It was not cost-effective.(2).Why was Felix Hoffmann looking for a painkiller? （分数：3.00）A.His company told him to do that.B.His father was in pain.C.He wanted to make a lot of money.D.He suffered from headache.(3).Bayer started making aspirin because （分数：3.00）A.it helped prevent heart attacks.B.other companies were making it.C.it worked well in stopping painD.the manager was a scientist.(4).Baye
