1、职称英语综合类 C 级模拟 76 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1 部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Many fine cooks insist on ingredients of the highest quality.（分数：1.00）A.demandB.rely onC.prepare forD.create2.Cement was seldom used in building during the Middle Ages.（分数：1.00）A.crudelyB.rarelyC.originallyD.symbolically3.Th
2、e poet William Carlos Williams was a New Jersey physician.（分数：1.00）A.doctorB.professorC.physicistD.resident4.He achieved success through hard work.（分数：1.00）A.reactedB.reachedC.attainedD.took5.In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union.（分数：1.00）A.strangeB.ce
3、rtainC.inconsistentD.proper6.Guests were scared when the bomb explored.（分数：1.00）A.frightenedB.killedC.endangeredD.rescued7.I feel regretful about what“s happened.（分数：1.00）A.sorryB.disappointedC.shamefulD.disheartened8.Examination papers of the class were marked without bias.（分数：1.00）A.immediatelyB.c
4、orrectlyC.fairlyD.carefully9.John removed his overcoat.（分数：1.00）A.took awayB.left asideC.took offD.washed off10.We were all there when the accident occurred.（分数：1.00）A.happenedB.brokeC.spreadD.appeared11.It took me exactly a week to complete the work.（分数：1.00）A.doB.achieveC.improveD.finish12.The wea
5、ther is a constant subject of conversation in Britain.（分数：1.00）A.questionB.problemC.titleD.topic13.It is a poem that celebrates the joys of love.（分数：1.00）A.hatesB.praisesC.annoysD.shocks14.Since ancient times people have found various ways to preserve meat.（分数：1.00）A.eatB.cookC.freezeD.keep15.Manufa
6、cturers report a big drop in new orders.（分数：1.00）A.fallB.recoveryC.admirationD.notice二、第 2 部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)When We Are AsleepEveryone dreams, but some people never recall their dreams, or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections (记忆) of their dreams, though they
7、forget them very quickly. In an average night of eight hours“ sleep, an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes, probably having three to five dreams, each lasting from ten to thirty minutes. Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures t
8、he electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly. Breathing and pulse rate also in- crease, and there are rapid eye movements under the lids, just as though the dreamer were really looking at moving objects. These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals (哺
9、乳动物) studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, and elephants, and also some birds and reptiles (爬行动物). This period of sleep is called the “D“ state for around 50%of their sleep; the period reduces to around 25%by the age of 10. Dreams take the form of stories, but they may be strange and with incident
10、s not connected, which make little sense. Dreams are seldom without people in them and they are usually about people we know. One estimate says that two-thirds of the “cast“ of our dream dramas are friends and relations. Vision seems an essential part of dreams, except for people blind from birth. S
11、ound and touch are senses also often aroused, but smell and taste are not frequently involved. In “normal“ dreams, the dreamer may be taking part, or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream. However, the dreamer does have control over one type of dream. This type
12、of dream is called a “lucid“ (清醒的) dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers. Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time. In a lucid dream, the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.（分数：7.00）(1).Some people dream but cannot remember their dreams.（分数：1.00）A
13、.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).In an average night, males dream longer than females.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).When we dream, there is less movement of electrical waves in our brains.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Babies dream less than older children.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.Wro
14、ngC.Not mentioned(5).Most dreams involve the people we played with when we were young.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).We rarely smell things in dreams.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).In a lucid dream we can use Morse code to communicate with others.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not me
15、ntioned三、第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Science Fiction1. Amongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people. Furthermore, some of the most successful films of r
16、ecent years have been based on science fiction stories. 2. It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society,
17、a theme which is still often found in modem stories. 3. Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H. G. Wells, to mention just two well-known authors have been translated into many languages. 4. Modern
18、science fiction writers don“t write about men from Mars (火星) or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind ; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now. Because of thi
19、s, their writing has obvious political undertones (含义). 5. In an age where science fact frequently overtakes (超过) science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going, however, may provide a valu
20、able lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1. A. Popularity of science fiction B. A fairly new development C. Classics of science fiction D. Difficulty in keeping ahead of scientific advances E. Or
21、igins of science fiction F Themes of modern science fiction（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1.（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3 1.（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1.（分数：1.00）(5).Some form of ideal society is 1. A. a recurrent theme B. concerned with the problems to solve in the future C. reading books of science fiction D.
22、political implications E. a current theme F. read worldwide（分数：1.00）(6).Books written by J. Verne are 1.（分数：1.00）(7).People enjoy 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Workers of modem science fiction have 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4 部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Eat More, Weigh Less, Live Longer?Clever genetic detectiv
23、e work may have found out the reason why a near-starvation diet prolongs the life of many animals. Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston, U. S. , and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan (寿命) of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodent“s (啮齿动物) increase of fat in specific
24、 cells. This suggests that thinness-and not necessarily diet-promotes long life in “ calorie (热量卡) restricted“ animals. “It“s very cool work,“ says aging researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California, San Francisco. “These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer. It“s like he
25、aven. “ Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet. But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect wi
26、th a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer life. One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells. But Kahn“s team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin. To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin
27、 (胰岛素) receptor (受体) gene in lab mice-but only in their fat cells. “Since insulin is needed to help fat cells store fat, these animals were protected against becoming fat,“ explains Kahn. This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects. By three months of age, Kahn“s modified mice
28、 had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice, despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight. In addition, their lifespan increased. The average control mouse lived 753 days, while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days. After three years, all
29、 the control mice had died, but one-quarter of the modified rodents were still alive. “That they get these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial,“ says Leonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who studies calorie restriction and aging. But Guarente says Ka
30、hn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible for increased lifespan in calorie-restricted animals. “It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life, “ he points out,“ and that would be very interesting. “（分数：15.00）(1).Ronald Kahn and his colleagues can make mice live
31、 longer by _.（分数：3.00）A.offering them less foodB.giving them a balanced dietC.disrupting the specific genes in their fat cellsD.preventing them growing larger(2).According to the passage, we do not know whether humans will benefit from taking in fewer calories partly because _.（分数：3.00）A.humans, wor
32、ms and rodents are differentB.most people are not willing to be put on a strict dietC.the effect is not knownD.genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans(3).What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?（分数：3.00）A.People like to lose weight, but they do not like to eat less
33、.B.People want to go to heaven, but they do not want to die.C.Mice will go to heaven if they lose weight.D.Mice enjoy losing weight.(4).The average modified mouse lived _.（分数：3.00）A.3 yearsB.753 daysC.more than 3 yearsD.887 days(5).What can be inferred from the passage about the route to long life?（
34、分数：3.00）A.It remains to be studied.B.It has already been discovered.C.Eating more leads to long life.D.Eating less leads to long life.六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Preserving Nature for FutureDemands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the re
35、st of Europe. Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 countries are members, have shown that 45 per cent of reptile species and 24 per cent of butterflies are in danger of dying out. European concern for wildlife was outlined by Dr. Peter Baum, an expert in the environment and natural resource
36、s division of the council, when he spoke at a conference arranged by the administrators of a British national park. The park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold the council“s diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality, and Dr. Peter Baum had come to present it to the park once again. H
37、e was afraid that public opinion was turning against national parks, and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not be set up today. But Dr. Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in peace in their own right. “No area co
38、uld be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as a tourist attraction,“ he went on. “The short-sighted view that reserves had to serve immediate human demands for outdoor recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future.“
39、 “We forget that they are the guarantee of life systems, on which any built-up area ultimately depends,“ Dr. Baum went on. “We could manage without most industrial products, but we could not manage without nature. However, our natural environment areas, which are the original parts of our countrysid
40、e, have shrunk to become mere islands in a spoiled and highly polluted land mass. “（分数：15.00）(1).Recent studies by the Council of Europe have indicated that _.（分数：3.00）A.wildlife needs more protection only in BritainB.all species of wildlife in Europe are in danger of dying outC.there are fewer spec
41、ies of reptiles and butterflies in Europe than else whereD.many species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe need protecting(2).Why did Dr. Baum come to a British national park?（分数：3.00）A.Because he needed to present it with a council“s diploma.B.Because he was concerned about its management.C.Beca
42、use it was the only national park of its kind in Europe.D.Because it was the only park which had ever received a diploma from the Council.(3).The last sentence in the second paragraph implies that _.（分数：3.00）A.people should make every effort to create mere environment areasB.people would go on prote
43、cting national parksC.certain areas of countryside should be left intactD.people would defend the right to develop the areas around national parks(4).In Dr. Baum“s opinion, the view that a nature reserve should serve as a tourist attraction is _.（分数：3.00）A.idealisticB.revolutionaryC.short-sightedD.t
44、raditional(5).Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?（分数：3.00）A.We have developed industry at the expense of countryside.B.We have forgotten what our original countryside looked like.C.People living on islands should protect natural resources for their survival.D.We should de
45、stroy all the built-up areas.七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Oil and EconomyCould the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices c
46、alls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980,when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? The oil price was given another push
47、 up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most
48、 countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude oil have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past. Rich ec
49、onomies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (inconstant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 i
