1、专业八级-105 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BThe Commercialisation of Science and Technology/B Science and technology and the role of commercialisation in that area are very interesting question. And its an issue which is going to be increasingly important, world wide. B.
2、An overview of the relationship between science 2) Another one -only 1/10 ideas taken to the final (7)_; (7)_ 3) The third one -Most people cannot guarantee a (8)_return on their (8)_ investment. B. Companies and (9)_ideas:/B (9)_ 1) Because of various reasons, the technology would likely become out
3、moded; 2) Some companies (10)_other specialized individuals or organisations (10)_ to do research on their behalf; 3) Governments need to encourage and facilitate the interaction of the domestic firms with overseas companies.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空
4、项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview with a chief-editor. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following questions. Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the conversation what is Dr. Gus purpose?（分数：1.0
5、0）A.To have a talk with exhibitor.B.To purchase a lab.C.To discuss the possibility of negotiation with the Universal Computers LtdD.To inquire more information about the scientific apparatus.(2).They have been concerned with the following terms EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.millions of instructions per secondB
6、discountC.remote connectionD.management committee(3).From the conversation we know if we buy more products from the Universal Computers Ltd.,_.（分数：1.00）A.we can earn more moneB.we can benefit moreC.they will give us more serviceD.they will move their main building to China(4).When can exhibitor exp
7、ect to get an answer?（分数：1.00）A.Within a month or two.B.By Tuesday.C.Very soon.D.Immediately.(5).From the conversation we can deduce that_.（分数：1.00）A.they have a good beginning of tradingB.they are eager to know each otherC.they want to shake hands in BeijingD.they hate the barriers between them三、BS
8、ECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)IQuestions 6 production workers must be able to do just in-time inventories. Managers are increasingly shifting from a “dont think, do what you are told“ to a “think, I am not going to tell you what to do“ style of management.This shift is occurring not because todays manage
9、rs are more enlightened than yesterdays managers but because the evidence is rapidly mounting that the second style of management is more productive than the first style of management. But this means that problems of training and motivating the work force both become more central and require differe
10、nt modes of behavior.In the world of tomorrow managers cannot be technologically illiterate regardless of their functional tasks within the firm. They dont have to be scientists or engineers inventing new technologies, but they have to be managers who understand when to bet and when not to bet on ne
11、w technologies. If they don t understand what is going on and technology effectively becomes a black box, they will fail to make the changes that those who do understand what is going on inside the black box make. They will be losers, not winners.Todays CEOs are those who solved the central problems
12、 facing their companies 20 years ago. Tomorrows CEOs will be those who solve central problems facing their companies today. Sloan hopes to produce a generation of managers who will be solving todays and tomorrows problems and because they are successful in doing so they will become tomorrows captain
13、s of business.（分数：4.00）(1).The author suggests that a manager should hold a (an) _ view on management.（分数：1.00）A.economicalB.geographicalC.internationalD.financial(2).Speaking of the problems of training and motivating laborers, the author implies that _.（分数：1.00）A.laborers should keep up with the r
14、apid development of modem technologyB.laborers pay more attention to wagesC.laborers want to advance themselvesD.there is a radical change in management style(3).By the first sentence of paragraph 7, the author means that_.（分数：1.00）A.managers should master modem technologyB.managers should have acce
15、ss to technological knowledgeC.managers should focus on functional tasksD.managers should cooperate with technicians(4).The main topic of this passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.the new concept of managementB.the great shift of management styleC.the qualities of managers for the 21st centuryD.the technique of
16、managers modem managementBTEXT B/BOne thing that distinguishes the online world from the real one is that it is very easy to find things. To find a copy of The Economist in print, one has to go to a news-stand, which may or may not carry it. Finding it online, though, is a different proposition. Jus
17、t go to Google, type in “economist“ and you will be instantly directed to . Though it is difficult to remember now, this was not always the case. Indeed, until Google, now the worlds most popular search engine, came on to the scene in September 1998, it was not the case at all. As in the physical wo
18、rld, searching online was a hit-or-miss affair.Google was vastly better than anything that had come before: so much better, in fact, that it changed the way many people use the web. Almost overnight, it made the web far more useful, particularly for non- specialist users, many of whom now regard Goo
19、gle as the internet s front door. The recent fuss over Googles stock market flotation obscures its far wider social significance: few technologies, after all, are so influential that their names become used as verbs.Google began in 1998 as an academic research project by Sergey Brin and Lawrence Pag
20、e, who were then graduate students at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California. It was not the first search engine, of course. Existing search engines were able to scan or “crawl“ a large portion of the web, build an index, and then find pages that matched particular words. But they were less go
21、od at presenting those pages, which might number in the hundreds of thousands, in a useful way.Mr Brins and Mr Pages accomplishment was to devise a way to sort the results by determining which pages were likely to be most relevant. They did so using a mathematical recipe, or algorithm, called PageRa
22、nk. This algorithm is at the heart of Googles success, distinguishing it from all previous search engines and accounting for its apparently magical ability to find the most useful web pages.Untangllng the webPageRank works by analysing the structure of the web itself. Each of its billions of pages c
23、an link to other pages, and can also, in turn, be linked to. Mr Brin and Mr Page reasoned that if a page was linked to many other pages, it was likely to be important. Furthermore, if the pages that linked to a page were important, then that page was even more likely to be important. There is, of co
24、urse, an inherent circularity to this formula-the importance of one page depends on the importance of pages that link to it, the importance of wb4ch depends in turn on the importance of pages that link to them. But using some mathematical tricks, this circularity can be resolved, and each page can b
25、e given a score that reflects its importance.The simplest way to calculate the score for each page is to perform a repeating or “iterative“ calculation (see article). To start with, all pages are given the same score. Then each link from one page to another is counted as a “vote“ for the destination
26、 page. Each pages score is recalculated by adding up the contribution from each incoming link, which is simply the score of the linking page divided by the number of outgoing links on that page. (Each pages score is thus shared out among the pages it links to.)Once all the scores have been recalcula
27、ted, the process is repeated using the new scores, until the scores settle down and stop changing (in mathematical jargon, the calculation “converges“). The final scores can then be used to rank search results: pages that match a particular set of search terms are displayed in order of descending sc
28、ore, so that the page deemed most important appears at the top of the list.（分数：5.00）(1).We can infer from the lst paragragh that by “hit-or-miss“ it is meant_.（分数：1.00）A.before Google, searching online was impossibleB.before Google, searching online lacked accuracyC.before Google, searching online w
29、as difficultD.Google is easy to use(2).“Though it is difficult to remember now, this was not always the case.“ In the 1st paragragh, this sentence suggests that_.（分数：1.00）A.today Google has become a commonplace way to find information onlineB.Google made a great contribution to searching onlineC.Goo
30、gle changed a lotD.Google is different from other search engines(3).The most important factor in Googles success is _.（分数：1.00）A.its unique mathematical recipeB.the popularity of its brand among usersC.that it was the first search engine in the worldD.its stock market flotation(4).“But they were les
31、s good at presenting those pages, which might number in the hundreds of thousands, in a useful way.“ This sentence in the 3rd paragraph tells us that _.（分数：1.00）A.other search engines are less convenient in useB.Google is the best search engineC.there are too many search engineD.all the search engin
32、es are basically the same(5).Which of the following is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.Each page can be given a score that reflects its importance.B.In the beginning of rating a pages relative importance, all pages are given the same score.C.The importance of one page depends on the importance of pages that lin
33、k to it, the importance of which depends in turn on the importance of pages that link to them.D.One pages score is given totally to another page it links to.BTEXT C/BThe wet volcanic ash that covered a Maya village in Central America in about AD 595 coated and pre- served everyday objects beans, chi
34、lies, rope, gourds, even unwashed dishes - just as they had been left, giving archaeologists a rare chance to learn about the everyday lives of the people of this pre-Columbian village. Exploration of the site, which is located in El Salvador and has been given the name Joya de Ceren, is now in its
35、eighth season, and archaeologists are continuing to make new finds.The volcanic eruption that entombed Ceren more than 1400 years ago began when lava pushed its way close enough to the surface to create a great explosion of steam and ash that was centered just north of the village. The archaeologist
36、s have not found the remains of any human beings killed by the eruption in Ceren, suggesting that they had enough warning to flee. The eruption buried Ceren in a layer of ash 4 to 6 m (13 to 20 ft) deep over a period of a few days.One of the most striking of the conclusions drawn from the Ceren site
37、 is that the people of this ancient village lived more comfortably than average Salvadorans do today. Cerens architecture, crafts, and agriculture were surprisingly sophisticated and varied. They ate a rich variety of foods, had spacious, well-ventilated living and working quarters, and lavishly dec
38、orated many of their ceramic items. Yet Ceren was an average farming village, not a seat of the ruling class or a regional center of commerce, archaeologists said.The village of Ceren was rediscovered in 1976 when a bulldozer operator knocked into the wall of one of the structures. Grasses that made
39、 up the thatched roof of the dwelling were still preserved, leading an archaeologist to conclude that the structure was recent. After two years, anthropologist Payson D. Sheets of the University of Colorado at Boulder discovered the antiquity of the structures when he dated a sample of thatch to abo
40、ut 1400 years ago.Sheets was able to survey the site for only a few years before the civil war in El Salvador made it too dangerous to continue. The archaeologists left the site, located northwest of San Salvador, the capital, in 1980 and did not return until 1989. Since then, archaeologists led by
41、Sheets have returned each year.As of spring 1997, they had digged 12 buildings, including a community hall, living quarters, kitchens, storerooms, a religious hall, a sauna, and even a small building believed to be the workplace of a shaman (a priest who uses magic). The smallest objects of daily li
42、fe were preserved, sometimes as actual organic matter such as seeds or stems, sometimes as impressions in the ash such as that of a cornstalk or a squash. By sending radar signals through the ground in order to detect buried objects, archaeologists in 1994 located 22 additional structures still buri
43、ed in ash.Archaeologists at the site have found the remains of animals including dogs, deer, and a duck tied to a pole. All that remains of the people of Ceren, however, are their footprints, and a few teeth, believed to have been tossed on a roof for good luck. When the teeth were found, workers to
44、ld Sheets that throwing teeth on the roof is a tradition still practiced by some people in rural El Salvador today.（分数：3.00）(1).When the author says that “Ceren s architecture, crafts, and agriculture were surprisingly sophisticated and varied.“, he means _.（分数：1.00）A.Ceren at that time enjoyed a hi
45、gh civilizationB.people in Ceren were more intelligent than people todayC.Ceren s disappearance was a tragedyD.the power of nature was great(2).In the eyes of anthropologist Payson D. Sheets, _.（分数：1.00）A.because grasses that made up the thatched roof of the dwelling were still new, that the structu
46、re was recentB.he left the site, located northwest of San Salvador, the capital, in 1980 unwillinglyC.by sending radar signals through the ground in order to detect buried objects, he located 22 additional structures still buried in ashD.when the teeth were found, he said that throwing teeth on the
47、roof is a tradition still practiced by some people in rural El Salvador today(3).The best title for this passage might be _.（分数：1.00）A.A Still Life in Ash Reveals Pre-Columbian Village CultureB.A New DiscoveryC.Ceren s Living RecentlyD.Eruptions MiracleBTEXT D/BIt is a long time for a large mount of
48、 big corporations or international companies to pay much attention to an ever-important subject - Industrial Psychology. For studying and using the subject, they can produce more profits than ever before. So, what is its definition? It is an application of various psychological techniques to the selection and training of industrial workers and to the promotion of efficient working conditions and techniques, as well as individual job satisfaction. This field of applied psychology first became promi
