1、专业八级-201 (1)及答案解析(总分：99.01，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BSECTION A/BIn this section, you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling t
2、ask after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, youll be given two minutes to cheek your notes, and another 10 minutes to complete the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(
3、s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.B Chinese Americans/BChinese Americans are an ethnic minority in theUS. They used to be discriminated.B1. The history of Chinese immigrants/B1) The first group of Chinese arrived during theCalifornia
4、(1) _ in 1849. Their success invited (1)_envy. They had to earn a living by doing the (2)_ (2)_for the white miners, setting up restaurants, working asfarmhands or as (3) (3)_2) The second group of Chinese arrived in theearly (4)_as laborers to construct the (4)_(5)_ (5)_3) After World War Two, more
5、 Chinesewere permitted to settle in America.4) Todays Chinese Americans are mostly the (6) (6) _ of the first two groups of immigrants.B2. Some of their noteworthy characteristics as partof their traditional culture/B1) (7)_family ties (7) _2) respect for the elders3) a feeling of (8)_to the family
6、(8) _4) high regard for (9) _ (9) _5) willingness to work hardThese characteristics contribute to their success invarious professions. As Americans attitudes towardminorities and ethnic differences have changed inrecent years, Chinese Americans have gained (10) (10) _ in the American society.（分数：10.
7、00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview, y
8、ou will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following 5 questions.Now listen to the interview.（分数：5.00）(1).Why does Old Fred do something stupid?（分数：1.00）A.He has some mental problems.B.He is too old to know what he is doing.C.He wants to have a good Christmas.D.He has got into the habit of st
9、ealing.(2).How do the average British policemen think about not being armed?（分数：1.00）A.They dont really think about it.B.They dislike it very much.C.They worry about it greatly.D.They want a reform.(3).In the opinion of the interviewee, what do the English people love?（分数：1.00）A.Violence.B.Compromis
10、e.C.Firearms.D.Police.(4).What did the man mentioned in the interview once do?（分数：1.00）A.He threatened the police.B.He took some hostages.C.He robbed a bank.D.He locked himself in a house.(5).What was the most important factor in solving the problem of the man who threated people?（分数：1.00）A.PowerB.S
11、kills.C.Patience.D.Weapons.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：4.00)In this section, you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 6 to 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the tw
12、o questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.01）(1).What is the speakers attitude towards the celebrating party?（分数：0.67）A.Discriminative.B.Condemnatory.C.Unappreciative.D.Appreciative.(2).What is the stylistic feature of the articles in Readers Digest?（分数：0.67）A.Brevity.B.Originality.C.Seriousness.D.Si
13、mplicity._Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions.Now listen to the news.（分数：2.00）(1).Indias textile and garment exports to the US between January and May rose by（分数：1.00）A.4%.B.11%.C.20 %.D.fou
14、r times.(2).According to Mr. Hinduja has to _ to remain competitive.（分数：1.00）A.invest more money in the industryB.develop better technologyC.offset ChinaD.build more factories四、BPART READING (总题数：7，分数：20.00)In this section there are several reading passage followed by a total of twenty multiple. cho
15、ice questions. Read the passage and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.BTEXT A/BWhen I decided to quit my full. time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me
16、 to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family“.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment ill what the Americans term “downshifting“ has
17、 turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all“, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as
18、perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life“, and making the alternative move into “downshifting“ brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Noth
19、ing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12 hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time“.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less material
20、istic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting also known in America as “voluntary simplicity“has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism, There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there a
21、re newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-90 s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend
22、started us a reaction to the economic decline after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late 80s and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For t
23、he women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting in the mid-90s is ant so much a search for the mythical good life growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one as personal recognition of your limitations.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following
24、is true according to paragraph one?（分数：1.00）A.Full-time employment is a new international trend.B.The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.C.“A lateral move“ means stepping out of full-time employment.D.The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.(2).The writer
25、 s experiment shows that downshifting _.（分数：1.00）A.enables her to realize her dreamB.helps her mold a new philosophy of lifeC.prompts her to abandon her high social statusD.leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine(3).Whats authors feeling about her “downshifting“?（分数：1.00）A.She regretted qui
26、tting her job.B.She felt sorry for her decision.C.She felt at ease for her present situation.D.She tried to drag herself out of it.(4).“Juggling ones life“ probably means living a life characterized by _. A. non-materialistic lifestyle B, a bit of everything C. extreme stress D. anti-consumerism（分数：
27、1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of _.（分数：1.00）A.the quick pace of modem lifeB.man s adventurous spiritC.man s search for mythical experiencesD.the economic situation1.BTEXT B/BUnder existing law, a new drug may be labeled, promoted, and adverti
28、sed only for those conditions in which safety and effectiveness have been demonstrated and of which the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved, or socalled “approved uses.“ Other uses have come to be called “unapproved uses“ and cannot be legally promoted. In a real sense, the term “unappro
29、ved“ is a misnomer because it includes in one phrase two categories of marketed drugs that are very different; drugs which are potentially harmful and will never be approved, and already approved drugs that have “unapproved“ uses. It is common for new research and new insights to demonstrate valid n
30、ew uses for drugs already on the market. Also, there arc numerous examples of medical progress resulting from the serendipitous observations and therapeutic innovations of physicians, both important methods of discovery in the field of therapeutics. Before such advances can result in new indications
31、 for inclusion in drug labeling, however, the available data must meet the legal standard of substantial evidence derived from adequate and well-controlled clinical trials. Such evidence may require time to develop, and, without initiative on the part of the drug firm, it may not occur at all for ce
32、rtain uses. However, because medical literature on new uses exists and these uses arc medically beneficial, physicians often use these drugs for such purposes prior to FDA review or changes in labeling. This is referred to as “unlabeled uses“ of drugs.A different problem arises when a particular use
33、 for a drug has been examined scientifically and has been found to be ineffective or unsafe, and yet physicians who either are uninformed or who refuse to accept the available scientific evidence continue to use the drug in this way. Such use may have been reviewed by the FDA and rejected, or, in so
34、me cases, the use may actually be warned against in the labeling. This subset of uses may be properly termed “disapproved uses.“Government policy should minimize the extent of unlabeled uses. If such uses are validand many areit is important that scientifically sound evidence supporting them be gene
35、rated and that the regulatory system accommodate them into drug labeling. Continuing rapid advances in medical care and the complexity of drug usage, however, makes it impossible for the government to keep drug labeling up to date for every conceivable situation. Thus, when a particular use of this
36、type appears, it is also important, and in the interest of good medical cure, that no stigma be attached to “unapproved usage“ by practitioners while the formal evidence is assembled between the time of discovery and the time the new use is included in the labeling. In the case of “disapproved uses,
37、“ however, it is proper policy to warn against these in the package insert, whether use of a drug for these purposes by the uninformed or intransigent physician constitutes a violation of the current Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act is a matter of debate that involves a number of technical and le
38、gal issues. Regardless of that, the inclusion of disapproved uses in the form of contraindications, warnings and other precautionary statements in package inserts is an important practical deterrent to improper use. Except for clearly disapproved uses, however, it is in the best interests of patient
39、 care that physicians not be constrained by regulatory statutes from exercising their best judgment in prescribing a chug for both its approved uses and any unlabeled uses it may have._BTEXT B/BUnder existing law, a new drug may be labeled, promoted, and advertised only for those conditions in which
40、 safety and effectiveness have been demonstrated and of which the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved, or socalled “approved uses.“ Other uses have come to be called “unapproved uses“ and cannot be legally promoted. In a real sense, the term “unapproved“ is a misnomer because it includes
41、 in one phrase two categories of marketed drugs that are very different; drugs which are potentially harmful and will never be approved, and already approved drugs that have “unapproved“ uses. It is common for new research and new insights to demonstrate valid new uses for drugs already on the marke
42、t. Also, there arc numerous examples of medical progress resulting from the serendipitous observations and therapeutic innovations of physicians, both important methods of discovery in the field of therapeutics. Before such advances can result in new indications for inclusion in drug labeling, howev
43、er, the available data must meet the legal standard of substantial evidence derived from adequate and well-controlled clinical trials. Such evidence may require time to develop, and, without initiative on the part of the drug firm, it may not occur at all for certain uses. However, because medical l
44、iterature on new uses exists and these uses arc medically beneficial, physicians often use these drugs for such purposes prior to FDA review or changes in labeling. This is referred to as “unlabeled uses“ of drugs.A different problem arises when a particular use for a drug has been examined scientif
45、ically and has been found to be ineffective or unsafe, and yet physicians who either are uninformed or who refuse to accept the available scientific evidence continue to use the drug in this way. Such use may have been reviewed by the FDA and rejected, or, in some cases, the use may actually be warn
46、ed against in the labeling. This subset of uses may be properly termed “disapproved uses.“Government policy should minimize the extent of unlabeled uses. If such uses are validand many areit is important that scientifically sound evidence supporting them be generated and that the regulatory system a
47、ccommodate them into drug labeling. Continuing rapid advances in medical care and the complexity of drug usage, however, makes it impossible for the government to keep drug labeling up to date for every conceivable situation. Thus, when a particular use of this type appears, it is also important, an
48、d in the interest of good medical cure, that no stigma be attached to “unapproved usage“ by practitioners while the formal evidence is assembled between the time of discovery and the time the new use is included in the labeling. In the case of “disapproved uses,“ however, it is proper policy to warn against these in t
