1、专业八级-305 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Problems of Taking English Courses Through English When students take courses through the medium of English, they have to face psychological, cultural and linguistic problems. Psychological problems: a. the fear of the (1)_th
2、e fear of the difficulty of academic (1)_ learning and the fear of (2)_in examinations. (2)_ b. Possible (3)_because of separation from his family. (3)_ cultural problems: 1. arranging satisfactory (4)_ (4)_ 2. getting used to British life. 3. settling into a strange environment and a new academic (
3、5)_ (5)_ 4. learning a new set of social (6)_ (6)_ 5. expressing appropriate (7)_ (7)_ 6. understanding a different kind of humor. 7. learning how to make friends. Linguistic problems: Students of non-English speaking countries have little (8)_ (8)_ opportunity to practise using English. Students of
4、 non-English speaking countries have great difficulty in understanding what a native speaker of English says. The reasons are: a. English people speak very quickly. b. Everyday spoken English is different from (9)_ English (9)_ students have learnt. c. Students do not practise listening to English p
5、eople. How to overcome these linguistic difficulties? Attending English classes. Using a language (10)_as much as possible. (10)_ Listening to programs in English on the radio and TV. Taking every opportunity to communicate with native English- speaking people.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填
6、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).The average life expectancy of ancient Egyptians is about _.（分数：1.00）A.32B.37C.50D.60(2).Which of the following is NOT a medical problem ancient Egyptians used to have?（分数：1.00）A.Dental decay.B.Tooth erosion.C.Malignant tumors
7、.D.Insomnia.(3).The following are very common among ancient Egyptians EXCEPT_.（分数：1.00）A.abscessB.intestinal parasitesC.anaemiaD.drug addiction(4).The mummy Rameses is different from other Egyptian mummies in that_.（分数：1.00）A.it cannot be destroyedB.its heart was not removedC.most internal organs we
8、re removedD.it was made with a different technique(5).Which of the following is NOT TRUE of Rameses?（分数：1.00）A.It was on display in Cairo in 1871.B.It was taken to Paris for research.C.It was seriously damaged in an upheaval.D.It was covered in new bandages.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).The Bush
9、and Kerry campaigns exchanged attacks regarding_.（分数：1.00）A.inflationB.budget deficitC.national securityD.unemployment rate(2)._participated in the debate between the Bush and Kerry campaigns.（分数：1.00）A.Cheney and KerryB.Bush and KerryC.Cheney and the head of Democratic PartyD.The heads of Democrati
10、c and Republic parties(3).According to Cheney, Kerry is in favor of_.（分数：1.00）A.cutting down on expenditure on defense and intelligenceB.increasing expenditure on national defenseC.allocating more fund on environmental pollutionD.levying more tax on large businessesI Questions 9 to 10 are based on t
11、he following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).The Food and Agriculture Organization predicts that which of the following is likely to decrease?（分数：1.00）A.World grain supplies.B.World grain production.C.Worl
12、d grain consumption.D.World grain trade.(2).Wheat supplies have decreased in recent years because_.（分数：1.00）A.wheat prices are very low in the worldB.the demand for wheat is decreasingC.many regions are affected by droughtD.the wheat consumption is becoming less四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT
13、A/BAlthough it is now possible to bring most high blood pressure under control, the muses of essential hypertension remain elusive. Understanding how hypertension begins is at least partly a problem of understanding when in life it begins, and this may be very early-perhaps within the first few mont
14、hs of life. Since the beginning of the century, physicians have been aware that hypertension may run in families, but before the 1970s, studies of the familial aggregation of blood pressure treated only populations 15 years of age or older. Few studies were attempted in younger persons because of a
15、prevailing notion that blood pressures in this age group were difficult to measure and unreliable and because essential hypertension was widely regarded as a disease of adults.In 1971, a study of 700 children, ages 2 to 14, used a special blood pressure recorder which minimizes observer error and al
16、lows for standardization of blood pressure readings. Before then, it had been well established that the blood pressure of adults aggregates familially, that is, the similarities between the blood pressure of an individual and his siblings are generally too great to be explained by chance. The 1971 s
17、tudy showed that familial clustering was measurable in children as well, suggesting that factors responsible for essential hypertension are acquired in childhood. Additional epidemiological studies demonstrated a clear tendency for the children to retain the same blood pressure patterns, relative to
18、 their peers, four years later. Thus, a child with blood pressure higher or lower than the norm would tend to remain higher or lower with increasing age.Meanwhile, other investigators uncovered a complex of physiologic roles-including blood pressure-for a vasoactive (作用于血管的)system called the kallikr
19、ein-kinin(血管舒缓酶激酞原)system. Kallikreins are enzymes in the kidney and blood plasma which act on precursors (先兆) called kininogens to produce vasoactive peptides(酞)called kinins. Several different kinins are produced, at least three of which are powerful blood vessel dilators. Apparently, the kallikre
20、in-kinin system normally tends to offset the elevations in arterial pressure that result from the secretion of salt-conserving hormones such as aldosterone(醛固酮) on the one hand and from activation of the sympathetic nervous system (which tends to constrict blood vessels) on the other hand.It is also
21、 known that urinary kallikrein excretion is abnormally low in subjects with essential hypertension. Levels of urinary kallikrein in children are inversely related to the diastolic blood pressures of both children and their mothers. Children with the lowest kallikrein levels are found in the families
22、 with the highest blood pressure. In addition, black children tend to show somewhat lower urinary kallikrein levels than white children, and blacks are more likely to have high blood pressure. There is a great deal to be learned about the biochemistry and physiologic roles of the kallikrein-kinin sy
23、stem. But there is the possibilitythat essential hypertension will prove to have biochemical precursors.（分数：4.00）(1).The author is primarily concerned with_.（分数：1.00）A.questioning the assumption behind certain experiments involving children under the age of 15B.describing the new scientific findings
24、 about high blood pressure and suggesting some implicationsC.describing two different methods for studying the causes of high blood pressureD.revealing a discrepancy between the findings of epidemiological studies and laboratory studies on essential hypertension(2).The argument in the passage leads
25、most naturally to which of the following conclusions?（分数：1.00）A.A low output of urinary kallikrein is a likely cause of high blood pressure in children.B.The kallikrein-kinin system plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure.C.Essential hypertension may have biochemical precursors w
26、hich may be useful predictors in children.D.The failure of the body to produce sufficient amounts of kinins is the cause of essential hypertension.(3).The author refers to the somewhat lower urinary kallikrein levels in black children in order to_.（分数：1.00）A.support the thesis that kallikrein levels
27、 are inversely related to blood pressureB.highlight the special health problems involved in treating populations with high concentrations of black childrenC.offer a causal explanation for the difference in urinary kallikrein levels between black and white childrenD.suggest that further study needs t
28、o be done on the problem of high blood pressure among black adults(4).The evidence that a child with blood pressure higher or lower than the norm would tend to retain the same blood pressure pattern with increasing age is introduced by the author in order to_.（分数：1.00）A.suggest that essential hypert
29、ension may have biochemical causesB.show that high blood pressure can be detected in children under the age of 15C.provide evidence that factors affecting blood pressure are already present in childrenD.propose that increased screening of children for high blood pressure should be undertakenBTEXT B/
30、BThe Aleuts, residing on several islands of the Aleutian Chain, the Pribilof Islands, and the Alaskan Peninsula, have possessed a written language since 1825, when the Russian missionary Ivan Veniaminov selected appropriate characters of the Cyrillic alphabet to represent Aleut speech sounds, record
31、ed the main body of Aleut vocabulary, and formulated grammatical rules. The Czarist Russian conquest of the proud, independent sea hunters was so devastatingly thorough that tribal traditions, even tribal memories, were almost obliterated. The slaughter of the majority of an adult generation was suf
32、ficient to destroy the continuity of tribal knowledge, which was dependent upon oral transmission. As a consequence, the Aleuts developed a fanatical devotion to their language as their only cultural heritage.The Russian occupation placed a heavy linguistic burden on the Aleuts. Not only were they c
33、ompelled to learn Russian to converse with their overseers and governors, but they had to learn Old Slavonic to take an active part in church services as well as to master the skill of reading and writing their own tongue. In 1867, when the United States purchased Alaska, the Aleuts were unable to b
34、reak sharply with their immediate past and substitute English for any one of their three languages.To communicants of the Russian Orthodox Church a knowledge of Slavonic remained vital, as did Russian, the language in which 0ne conversed with the clergy. The Aleuts came to regard English education a
35、s a device to wean them from their religious faith. The introduction of compulsory English schooling caused a minor renascence of Russian culture as the Aleut parents sought to counteract the influence of the schoolroom. The harsh life of the Russian colonial rule began to appear more happy and beau
36、tiful in retrospect.Regulations forbidding instruction in any language other than English increased its unpopularity. The superficial alphabetical resemblance of Russian and Aleut linked the two tongues so closely that every restriction against teaching Russian was interpreted as an attempt to eradi
37、cate the Aleut tongue. From the wording of many regulations, it appears the American administrators often had not the slightest idea that the Aleuts were clandestinely reading and writing their own tongue or even had a written language of their own. To too many officials, anything in Cyrillic letter
38、s was Russian and something to be stamped out. Bitterness bred by abuses and the exploitations the Aleuts suffered from predatory American traders and adventurers kept alive the Aleut resentment against the language spoken by Americans.Gradually, despite the failure to emancipate the Aleuts from a s
39、terile past by relating the Aleut and English languages more closely, the passage of years has assuaged the bitter misunderstandings and caused an orientation away from Russian toward English as their second language, but Aleut continues to be the language that molds their thought and expression.（分数
40、：4.00）(1).The author is primarily concerned with describing_.（分数：1.00）A.the Aleuts loyalty to their language and American failure to understand itB.Russian and United States treatment of Alaskan inhabitants both before and after 1867C.how the Czarist Russian occupation of Alaska created a written la
41、nguage for the AleutsD.United States government attempts to persuade the Aleuts to use English as a second language(2).According to the passage, which of the following was the most important reason for the Aleuts devotion to their language?（分数：1.00）A.Invention of a written version of their language.
42、B.Introduction of Old Slavonic for worship.C.Disruption of oral transmission of tribal knowledge.D.Institution of compulsory English education.(3).The passage is developed primarily by_.（分数：1.00）A.testing the evidence supporting a theoryB.describing causes and effects of eventsC.weighing the pros an
43、d cons of a planD.projecting the future consequences of a decision(4).Which of the following statements about the religious beliefs of the Aleuts can be inferred from the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Prior to the Russian occupation they bad no religious beliefs.B.American traders and adventurers forced them t
44、o abandon all religious beliefs.C.At no time in their history have the Aleuts had an organized religion.D.The Russians forced Aleuts to become members of the Russian Orthodox Church.BTEXT C/BThe beginning of what was to become the United States was characterized by inconsistencies in the values and
45、behavior of its population, inconsistencies that were reflected by its spokesmen, who took conflicting stances in many areas; but on the subject of race, the conflicts were particularly vivid. The idea that the Caucasian(白种人) race and European civilization were superior was well entrenched in the cu
46、lture of the colonists at the very time that the “egalitarian“ (主张平等的) republic was founded. Voluminous historical evidence indicates that, in the mind of the average colonist, the African was a heathen, he was black, and he was different in crucial philosophical ways. As time progressed, he was als
47、o increasingly captive, adding to the conception of deviance. The African, therefore, could be justifiably (and even philanthropically) treated as property according to the reasoning of slave trader and slave-holders.Although slaves were treated as Objects, bountiful evidence suggests that they did
48、not view themselves similarly. There are many published autobiographies of salves; Afro-American scholars are beginning to know enough about West African culture to appreciate the existential climate in which the early captives were raised and which therefore could not be totally destroyed by the enslavement experience. This was a climate that defined individuality in collective terms. Individuals were members of a tribe, within which they had prescribed roles determined by the history of the
