1、专业八级-432 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING children were to be seen and not heard. Freud and company did away with all that and parents have been bewildered ever since. The child“s happiness is all-important, the psychologists say, but what about the parents“ happiness? Parents suffer const
2、antly with 13 fear and guilt while their children gaily romp about pull the 14 place apart. A good old-fashion spanking is out of the question 15 no modern child-rearing manual would permit such barbarity. The trouble is you are not allowed even to shout at: Who knows 16 what deep psychological woun
3、ds you might inflict? The poor child may recover from the dreadful traumatic experience. So it is that parents bend over backwards to avoid to give their 17 children complexes which a hundred years ago hadn“t even been heard of. Certainly a child needs love, and a lot of it. But the excessive permis
4、siveness of modern parents is surely doing more harm than good. Psychologists have succeeded in undermining parents“ confidence in their own authority. And it has taken children 18 long to get wind of the fact. There are countless articles in magazines and newspapers. With so much unsolicited advice
5、 fly about, parents do nothing at all. And the children take complete 19 control. What else can the poor parents do but obey? But the psychologists have much to answer. They should keep their mouths 20 shut and let the parents get on with the job. This will at least help the children to develop vigo
6、rous views of their own and give them something positive to react against.（分数：20.00）Planning is a very important activity in our lives. It can give pleasure, even excitement, and it can cause quite severe headaches. 21 The most significant the task ahead, the more careful the planning 22 required. G
7、etting to school or to work on time is a task requiring few 23 or no planning, it is almost routine. A month“s touring holiday abroad, or better still, getting married, is a different matter altogether. If the matter involve a church wedding, a reception, a honeymoon in Venice, 24 and returning a ne
8、w home, this requires even more planning to make 25 sure that it is successful. Planning is our way of trying to ensure success and of avoiding costly failures we can not suffer. It is equally essential 26 to individual nations and families; the scale may be vary, but the degree 27 of importance doe
9、s not. In the essence, a nation planning its resources 28 and needs do not differ from the familiar weekly shopping or monthly 29 household budget. Both are designed to ensure an adequate supply of essentials, and if improperly carried out, will avoid shortages, wastage 30 and over-expenditure.（分数：2
10、0.00）Air quality in Britain has improved considerably in the last 30 years. Total emissions of smoke in the air have risen by over 85 percent 31 since 1950. The domestic smoking control program has been 32 particularly important in achieving this result. London and other major cities are no longer h
11、ave the dense smoke-laden “smogs“ 33 of the 1950s, but in central London winter sunshine has 34 increased about 70 percent since 1958. 35 Since 1990, daily air pollution data from the British monitoring network has been made available to the public by the Department 36 of the Environment“s Air Quali
12、ty Bulletins. These give the concentrations of three main pollutantsozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxideand grade air quality on a scale between “very weak“ and 37 “very good“. The information features in television and radio weather reports, appears in many national and local newspapers. 38 T
13、herefore, the data are available on a special free telephone number 39 and on videotext systems. A comprehensive review of the issue of urban air quality was published in January 1992. Three independent committees of which 40 experts have been established to advise on different aspects of the proble
14、m, and will set guidelines and targets for air quality. The network is also being extended and upgraded at a cost of 10 million.（分数：20.00）Thomas Malthus published his Essay on the Principle of Population almost 200 years ago. Ever since then, forecasters have being warning 41 that worldwide famine w
15、as just around the next corner. The fast-growing population“s demand for food, they warned, would soon exceed their 42 supply, leading to widespread food shortages and starvation. But in reality, the world“s total grain harvest has risen steadily over the years. Except for relative isolated trouble
16、spots like present-day Somalia, 43 and occasional years of good harvests, the world“s food crisis has remained 44 just around the corner. Most experts believe this can continue even as if 45 the population doubles by the mid-21st century, although feeding 10 billion people will not be easy for polit
17、ics, economic and environmental reasons. 46 Optimists point to concrete examples of continued improvements in yield. In Africa, by instance, improved seeds, more fertilizers and advanced 47 growing practices have more than double corn and wheat yields in an 48 experiment. Elsewhere, rice experts in
18、the Philippines are producing a plant with few stems and more seeds. There is no guarantee that plant 49 breeders can continue to develop new, higher-yielding crop, but most 50 researchers see their success to date as reason for hope.（分数：20.00）专业八级-432 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING child
19、ren were to be seen and not heard. Freud and company did away with all that and parents have been bewildered ever since. The child“s happiness is all-important, the psychologists say, but what about the parents“ happiness? Parents suffer constantly with 13 fear and guilt while their children gaily r
20、omp about pull the 14 place apart. A good old-fashion spanking is out of the question 15 no modern child-rearing manual would permit such barbarity. The trouble is you are not allowed even to shout at: Who knows 16 what deep psychological wounds you might inflict? The poor child may recover from the
21、 dreadful traumatic experience. So it is that parents bend over backwards to avoid to give their 17 children complexes which a hundred years ago hadn“t even been heard of. Certainly a child needs love, and a lot of it. But the excessive permissiveness of modern parents is surely doing more harm than
22、 good. Psychologists have succeeded in undermining parents“ confidence in their own authority. And it has taken children 18 long to get wind of the fact. There are countless articles in magazines and newspapers. With so much unsolicited advice fly about, parents do nothing at all. And the children t
23、ake complete 19 control. What else can the poor parents do but obey? But the psychologists have much to answer. They should keep their mouths 20 shut and let the parents get on with the job. This will at least help the children to develop vigorous views of their own and give them something positive
24、to react against.（分数：20.00）解析：ofto/toward解析 attitude 后使用介词 to 或 toward 表示“对的态度”。解析：knowknew解析 此处讲的是维多利亚时期的情况，是过去的事情，应使用过去时态。解析：withfrom解析 suffer from 是固定搭配，意为“受之苦”。解析：pullpulling解析 现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随。解析：old-fashionold-fashioned解析 复合形容词的构成应是“形容词+名词-ed 形式”。解析：at at 解析 该题考查 shout 的用法。shout 后接动作发生的对象的时候，需要介
25、词 at，此处没有针对对象，所以应该去掉 at。解析：to givegiving解析 该题考查 avoid 的用法。动词 avoid 后面只能跟动名词而不能跟不定式作宾语。解析：hashasn“t解析 句意：没多久孩子们就发现了这一事实。可见助动词应用否定式。解析：flyflying解析 此处为“with+sth. +v-ing”构成的独立分词结构，作状语。解析：answerfor解析 answer for 对负责。Planning is a very important activity in our lives. It can give pleasure, even excitement,
26、 and it can cause quite severe headaches. 21 The most significant the task ahead, the more careful the planning 22 required. Getting to school or to work on time is a task requiring few 23 or no planning, it is almost routine. A month“s touring holiday abroad, or better still, getting married, is a
27、different matter altogether. If the matter involve a church wedding, a reception, a honeymoon in Venice, 24 and returning a new home, this requires even more planning to make 25 sure that it is successful. Planning is our way of trying to ensure success and of avoiding costly failures we can not suf
28、fer. It is equally essential 26 to individual nations and families; the scale may be vary, but the degree 27 of importance does not. In the essence, a nation planning its resources 28 and needs do not differ from the familiar weekly shopping or monthly 29 household budget. Both are designed to ensur
29、e an adequate supply of essentials, and if improperly carried out, will avoid shortages, wastage 30 and over-expenditure.（分数：20.00）解析：andor解析 前半句表达的是它带来的喜悦与兴奋，后半句表达的是它让人头疼，所以前后是两种相反的可能性，因此两者之间是选择关系，而不是并列关系。解析：mostmore解析 the more.the more.是固定句型。解析：fewlittle解析 little 用来修饰不可数名词，而 few 则用来修饰可数名词。这里修饰的名词为
30、 planning，为不可数名词，所以要用 little 修饰。解析：involveinvolves解析 主语 the matter 是单数，所以谓语动词。involve 也要用第三人称单数形式 involves。解析：returningato解析 return 用作及物动词时，意为“归还”。return to 返回原地。该句表达的是“回到新家”，所以 return 后需加介词 to。解析：sufferafford解析 afford 负担，承受。suffer 遭受(痛苦)。根据句中“costly”可知，此处想表达的是无法承受，所以需将 suffer 改为 afford。解析：be be 解析
31、vary 是动词原形，不能直接与 be 相接。解析：the the 解析 in essence 是固定短语，意为“本质上，实质上”。解析：dodoes解析 句子主语是动名词复合结构 a nation planning its resources and needs，应看作单数，所以 do 应改为 does。解析：improperlyproperly解析 根据全文可知句子要表达“只有做得正确，才能避免物资匮乏和浪费”的意思。improperly 与文意相反，不符合逻辑。Air quality in Britain has improved considerably in the last 30
32、years. Total emissions of smoke in the air have risen by over 85 percent 31 since 1950. The domestic smoking control program has been 32 particularly important in achieving this result. London and other major cities are no longer have the dense smoke-laden “smogs“ 33 of the 1950s, but in central Lon
33、don winter sunshine has 34 increased about 70 percent since 1958. 35 Since 1990, daily air pollution data from the British monitoring network has been made available to the public by the Department 36 of the Environment“s Air Quality Bulletins. These give the concentrations of three main pollutantso
34、zone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxideand grade air quality on a scale between “very weak“ and 37 “very good“. The information features in television and radio weather reports, appears in many national and local newspapers. 38 Therefore, the data are available on a special free telephone number 3
35、9 and on videotext systems. A comprehensive review of the issue of urban air quality was published in January 1992. Three independent committees of which 40 experts have been established to advise on different aspects of the problem, and will set guidelines and targets for air quality. The network i
36、s also being extended and upgraded at a cost of 10 million.（分数：20.00）解析：risenfallen解析 根据文章第一句英国空气质量大幅提升，可以看出烟雾的排放量应该是“减少”了，而不是“增加”了，所以应该用动词 fallen。解析：smokingsmoke解析 smoke 烟雾，smoking 抽烟，吸烟。Smoke control 意为“排烟管理，排烟控制”。解析：are are 解析 这里使用了两个动词 have 和 are，are 用在此处不合逻辑，去掉即可。解析：butand解析 前半句讲伦敦及一些重要城市浓烟不在，后
37、半句讲阳光照射增加，所以前后是顺承关系，并不是转折关系。解析：increasedaboutby解析 increase by 增加了，后跟增加的“数量”，“倍数”或“百分比”。解析：hashave解析 data 为 datum 的复数形式，作主语，所以 has 要改为 have。解析：weakpoor/bad解析 good 的反义词是 poor 或 bad，且形容空气质量要用“好”或“差”，并没有“强弱”，所以 weak 不合适。解析：reportsappearand解析 两个谓语动词中间要用连词连接。解析：ThereforeMoreover 或 Furthermore解析 前一句话讲这些信息可
38、以从电视、广播和国际及地方报纸获得，后一句讲也可以从免费电话和视讯系统获得，所以这里要表示的是“递进关系”，而therefore 表示“结果”。解析：which which 解析 根据句子结构，这里不需要使用定语从句。Thomas Malthus published his Essay on the Principle of Population almost 200 years ago. Ever since then, forecasters have being warning 41 that worldwide famine was just around the next corne
39、r. The fast-growing population“s demand for food, they warned, would soon exceed their 42 supply, leading to widespread food shortages and starvation. But in reality, the world“s total grain harvest has risen steadily over the years. Except for relative isolated trouble spots like present-day Somali
40、a, 43 and occasional years of good harvests, the world“s food crisis has remained 44 just around the corner. Most experts believe this can continue even as if 45 the population doubles by the mid-21st century, although feeding 10 billion people will not be easy for politics, economic and environment
41、al reasons. 46 Optimists point to concrete examples of continued improvements in yield. In Africa, by instance, improved seeds, more fertilizers and advanced 47 growing practices have more than double corn and wheat yields in an 48 experiment. Elsewhere, rice experts in the Philippines are producing
42、 a plant with few stems and more seeds. There is no guarantee that plant 49 breeders can continue to develop new, higher-yielding crop, but most 50 researchers see their success to date as reason for hope.（分数：20.00）解析：beingbeen解析 此处考查的是现在完成进行时，构成为 have been+现在分词。解析：theirits解析 its 所指代的是 demand for fo
43、od，所以应该为单数形式。解析：relativerelatively解析 形容词 isolated，需要副词修饰。而 relative 为形容词，所以要改为其副词形式 relatively。解析：goodpoor/bad解析 这里要表达的是“偶尔有些年份收成不好”，因此要用 poor/bad。解析：as as 解析 even if 作“即使”讲，引导让步状语从句。解析：politicspolitical解析 这里 and 连接的是三个并列的形容词，economic 和 environmental均为形容词，因此 politics 也要用形容词。解析：byfor解析 for instance 例如，为固定短语。解析：doubledoubled解析 此处 more than 是插入语。double 为动词，表示“使加倍”，且应为现在完成时，所以应改为 doubled。解析：fewfewer解析 根据后面的“and more”，可断定 few 应该使用其比较级形式 fewer。解析：cropcrops解析 这里 crop 作“作物，庄稼，农作物”讲，为单数。
