1、专业英语四级-262及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Aalert Bwhile Cstimulating Dpsychological Emoderation Fconsumed Gconducted Hclarity Imeditation Jperspective Kshrewd Leliminating Mfunctional Nprospects Ocontains Coffee can be considered one of natures greatest gifts. It gives mental and
2、emotional 1 without harmful side effects, and it 2 a wealth of nutrients. Yet, when most people drink coffee, they are not thinking that the beverage is improving their health. In fact, some may even feel a little guilty, since they believe coffee isnt good for you at all. Well, coffee, like anythin
3、g else, can cause problems if too much is 3 . Moderate consumption of coffee provides your body with a wealth of antioxidants. These substances are responsible for 4 free radicals. They are the chemical byproducts produced any time your body does something. A small number of them can help serve as a
4、 buffer against negative elements, if they arent kept in check, they can cause health problems. Antioxidants ensure that this doesnt happen. The 5 effects of caffeine cannot be ignored either. Not only does caffeine make you more 6 , but it can actually affect your mood. If you were feeling depresse
5、d or overwhelmed, a nice cup of coffee could change your 7 . The stack of work that seemed impossible before isnt even a problem now. In addition, caffeine helps stimulate creativity as it speeds up the bodys functioning. Thats why coffee is often associated with writers and other intellectual profe
6、ssions. Other drugs tend to make people dumber. Consider what happens when people get high off of crack or when they get drunk off of alcohol. They wont be 8 at all. But with coffee, an individual gets a creative boost 9 still helping their bodies. In conclusion, dont feel bad when youre brewing you
7、r morning cup of coffee. Unlike a can of soda or a shot of alcohol, coffee will make you feel wonderful while keeping you healthy. Just remember, you do have to consume the beverage in 10 .（分数：25.00）Acomfort Bretrain Cexotic Dunsold Eefficiently Fefficaciously Gsuffer Himports Irestrain Jexpansion K
8、domestic Lexports MOver NAbout Oresources In the United States, the main argument for protection of domestic industry is that foreign competition costs Americans their jobs. When we buy Japanese cars, U.S. cars go 11 . This leads to a decline in the 12 auto industry. When we buy German steel, steelw
9、orkers in the northern part of America lose their jobs. It is true that when we buy goods from foreign producers, domestic producers in the U.S. 13 But there is no reason to believe that the workers thrown out of employment in the contracting sectors will not find jobs in other expanding sectors. Fo
10、reign competition in textiles, for example, has thrown thousands of workers out of work in New England. But with the 14 of new industries, the unemployment rate in this area fell to one of the lowest in the country in the mid-1980s. 15 time the United States lost its advantage in textiles to countri
11、es with larger unskilled labor 16 , but other new industries have grown up in which the United States does have a greater advantage. Of course, it is very difficult for workers to accept the fact of being jobless. The knowledge that some other industry, perhaps in some other part of the country may
12、be expanding, is of little 17 to the person whose skills become out of date. The social and personal problems brought about by unemployment and out of date skills as a result of foreign competition deserve close attention. These problems can be solved in two ways. We can stop 18 and give up the gain
13、s from free trade, claiming that we are willing to pay more to save domestic jobs in industries that can produce more 19 abroad. Or we can aid the victims of free trade in a more effective way, helping to 20 them for jobs with a future.（分数：25.00）Aperception Bforward Cwealthy Dstrengthen Ebargaining
14、Fcooperators Gcounterparts Hparticular Iefficient Jnegotiators Ksolidify Lforth Mexchanging Nthat Oindirect The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, ho
15、wever, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign 21 . Negotiating is the process of communicating back and 22 for the purpose of reaching an agreement. It involves persuasion
16、and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the 23 must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation. In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as 24 and impersonal. It often app
17、ears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without 25 further. The American negotiators role becomes 26 of an impersonal purveyor of information and cash. In studies of American negotiators abroad, several tra
18、its have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical 27 , while undermining the negotiators position. Two traits in 28 that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on r
19、ealizing short-term goals. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. In order to _ the relationship, they may opt for 29 . interactions without regard for the time involved in get
20、ting to know the other negotiator.（分数：25.00）Adoubt Bactive Csystem Doffer Eunfairly Funfortunately Gmotive Hassert Ipeace Jdemand Kask Lsuperior Movercome Nconfidence Oroar Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated 31 Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked
21、 you into it? Are you afraid to ask someone for a date? Many people are afraid to assert themselves. Dr. Alberti thinks its because their self-respect is low. Our whole 32 is designed to make people distrust themselves, says Alberti. Theres always 33 arounda parent, a teacher, a bosswho knows better
22、. These superiors often gain when they chip away at your self-image. But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people 34 themselves, They 35 assertiveness training coursesAT for short. In the AT courses people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out
23、and feel good about doing so. They learn to be more 36 without hurting other people. In one way, learning to speak out is to 37 fear. A group taking a course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But AT uses an even stronger 38 the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group becau
24、se he wants to tell how he feels. Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image. lf someone you face is more important than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to 39 your own good sense. You go by the other persons 40 . But, why should you? AT says you can get to feel
25、 good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out.（分数：25.00）专业英语四级-262答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Aalert Bwhile Cstimulating Dpsychological Emoderation Fconsumed Gconducted Hclarity Imeditation Jperspective Kshrewd Leliminating Mfunctional Nprospects Ocontains C
26、offee can be considered one of natures greatest gifts. It gives mental and emotional 1 without harmful side effects, and it 2 a wealth of nutrients. Yet, when most people drink coffee, they are not thinking that the beverage is improving their health. In fact, some may even feel a little guilty, sin
27、ce they believe coffee isnt good for you at all. Well, coffee, like anything else, can cause problems if too much is 3 . Moderate consumption of coffee provides your body with a wealth of antioxidants. These substances are responsible for 4 free radicals. They are the chemical byproducts produced an
28、y time your body does something. A small number of them can help serve as a buffer against negative elements, if they arent kept in check, they can cause health problems. Antioxidants ensure that this doesnt happen. The 5 effects of caffeine cannot be ignored either. Not only does caffeine make you
29、more 6 , but it can actually affect your mood. If you were feeling depressed or overwhelmed, a nice cup of coffee could change your 7 . The stack of work that seemed impossible before isnt even a problem now. In addition, caffeine helps stimulate creativity as it speeds up the bodys functioning. Tha
30、ts why coffee is often associated with writers and other intellectual professions. Other drugs tend to make people dumber. Consider what happens when people get high off of crack or when they get drunk off of alcohol. They wont be 8 at all. But with coffee, an individual gets a creative boost 9 stil
31、l helping their bodies. In conclusion, dont feel bad when youre brewing your morning cup of coffee. Unlike a can of soda or a shot of alcohol, coffee will make you feel wonderful while keeping you healthy. Just remember, you do have to consume the beverage in 10 .（分数：25.00）解析：H 考点 考查名词。 谓语动词gives后要接
32、名词作宾语，结合上下文可知，该处句意为“咖啡会使人精神和心情 -|_|-”，根据常识可知，咖啡可以提神，改善人的精神状态，所以此处指的是“精神和心情的清晰”。故选H项，clarity意为“(思想、思路等的)清晰”。解析：O 考点 考查动词。 通过分析句子结构，并根据全文采用的一般现在时，空格处应填动词的第三人称单数形式。空格所在句大意为“咖啡没有副作用，且 -|_|-丰富的营养物质”，由此可知，空格处所填单词为“包含，含有”的意思，故O项contains“包含，包括”符合题意。解析：F 考点 考查动词。 根据句意“咖啡与其他的东西一样，过量 -|_|-就会产生问题”，可知此处要表达的是“过量饮
33、用、过量喝”的意思，分析句子结构可知，空格处应填动词的过去分词表示被动，故选F项，consumed意为“喝”，符合句意；G项conducted意为“管理；引导；指挥”，不符合题意，可排除。解析：L 考点 考查动词。 free radicals是“自由基”的意思，该句意为“这些抗氧化物负责 -|_|-自由基”，再根据下文提到的“自由基的数量如果不加以控制会引起健康问题”，可知空格处的动词应表示“消除、排除”的意思，be responsible for中的for为介词，后面要用动词的现在分词形式，故L项eliminating“消除”符合句意；C项stimulating意为“刺激”，与句意不符，可排
34、除。解析：D 考点 考查形容词。 该处句意为“咖啡因的 -|_|-影响也同样不可忽视”，文章第一句话就说咖啡能使人的精神和心情都得到放松，且上文一直从生理角度分析咖啡对人体的影响，此处话锋一转，便可推测作者接下来要从咖啡对心理上的影响进行分析。故选D项，psychological意为“心理的，精神上的”。解析：A 考点 考查形容词。 空格所在句意为“咖啡因不仅使你更 -|_|-，事实上它也影响你的心情。”由题可知此处应填一个形容人的形容词，选项中K项shrewd意为“精明的，狡猾的；机灵的”，A项alert意为“清醒的；警惕的”，结合句意可知本题选A。解析：J 考点 考查名词。 空格前为形容词
35、性物主代词your，故此处需填名词。该处句意为“如果你觉得压抑或不知所措，一杯咖啡就可以改变你的 -|_|-。原来看起来不可能完成的大量工作现在也不再是问题了”，因此J项符合句意，perspective意为“观点，看法”；N项prospects“前景；展望”为干扰项，可排除。解析：M 考点 考查形容词。 上一句提到“想一下人被撞到或者喝得酩酊大醉时会怎么样”，根据常识可知这样的人会失去知觉，肌体功能也会丧失，所以M项符合题意，functional意为“功能的；起作用的”。解析：B 考点 考查连词 分析句子结构可知，空格处缺少一个连接词引导时间状语从句。该句意为“但是通过喝咖啡，人们可以文思泉涌
36、， -|_|-依旧可以保持正常的身体机能”，根据上下文可知这里的逻辑关系应是表示同时进行，故选B项，while意为“与此同时，当的同时”。解析：E 考点 考查名词。 综合全文，不难得出最后一句话是作者给读者的一句忠告，即“喝咖啡要适量”，呼应了前面第3空所在句的意思。the beverage(这种饮料)在这里代指咖啡，in -|_|-这一短语应为“适当地”的意思。E项moderation意为“适度，节制”，in moderation为固定用法，意为“适当地，有节制地”，故选E。I项meditation意为“沉思，冥想”，与句意不符，可排除；Acomfort Bretrain Cexotic D
37、unsold Eefficiently Fefficaciously Gsuffer Himports Irestrain Jexpansion Kdomestic Lexports MOver NAbout Oresources In the United States, the main argument for protection of domestic industry is that foreign competition costs Americans their jobs. When we buy Japanese cars, U.S. cars go 11 . This le
38、ads to a decline in the 12 auto industry. When we buy German steel, steelworkers in the northern part of America lose their jobs. It is true that when we buy goods from foreign producers, domestic producers in the U.S. 13 But there is no reason to believe that the workers thrown out of employment in
39、 the contracting sectors will not find jobs in other expanding sectors. Foreign competition in textiles, for example, has thrown thousands of workers out of work in New England. But with the 14 of new industries, the unemployment rate in this area fell to one of the lowest in the country in the mid-
40、1980s. 15 time the United States lost its advantage in textiles to countries with larger unskilled labor 16 , but other new industries have grown up in which the United States does have a greater advantage. Of course, it is very difficult for workers to accept the fact of being jobless. The knowledg
41、e that some other industry, perhaps in some other part of the country may be expanding, is of little 17 to the person whose skills become out of date. The social and personal problems brought about by unemployment and out of date skills as a result of foreign competition deserve close attention. The
42、se problems can be solved in two ways. We can stop 18 and give up the gains from free trade, claiming that we are willing to pay more to save domestic jobs in industries that can produce more 19 abroad. Or we can aid the victims of free trade in a more effective way, helping to 20 them for jobs with
43、 a future.（分数：25.00）解析：D 考点 考查形容词。 go在此处为半系动词，可判断空格处应填形容词。文章的第一句话是说美国本土产业面临来自国外的竞争，因此空格所在句的意思应为“如果我们买日本车，美国车就卖不出去”。形容词选项中只有D项unsold意为“未售出的”，符合句意，故选D。解析：K 考点 考查形容词。 根据前一句“如果我们买日本车，美国车就卖不出去”可知，此处的意思应为“这导致了美国本土汽车产业的衰落”。文章第一句出现了domestic industry，根据同义复现原理，这里指的应该是美国本土产业，所以答案选K，domestic意为“本土的”，而C项exotic意为“
44、外来的；异域风情的”，与题意相反。解析：G 考点 考查动词。 本句为总结句，意为“的确，如果我们购买国外生产商的产品，那么美国国内的生产商就会 -|_|-”，由此可推测空格处所填词应为“受损失，吃亏”的意思，结合选项可知，只有G项suffer“受损失；遭受”符合句意，故选G。解析：J 考点 考查名词。 本句意为“但随着新工业的 -|_|-，20世纪80年代中期这片区域的失业率降到了全国最低”，由此可推测，新工业必定会“崛起”和“扩张”，发展势头迅猛，才能帮助降低失业率，因此选项中只有J项expansion符合要求，意为“扩张”。解析：M 考点 考查介词。 此处意为“ -|_|-时间，美国失去了
45、其在纺织行业的优势”，空格后的单词是time，故空格处应填一个能与之搭配的介词来表示时间，选项中只有M项Over和N项About可与time搭配，而about后接time时，通常加定冠词或不定冠词等修饰time，如its about the time“是该的时候了”；over time表示“在一段时间内”，符合句意，故答案选M。解析：O 考点 考查名词。 空格处所填词被labor修饰，由上下文可知所填单词应与labor构成名词性短语。选项中O项resources意为“资源”；此处是指“一些国家拥有更多的劳动力资源(尽管这些劳动力没有什么特殊技能)”，可见只有resources符合句意，故选O。
46、解析：A 考点 考查名词。 此处意为“即便知道一些其他的产业可能正在本国的其他地方扩张，工人们所感受到的 -|_|-也是极少的，因为他们自身所拥有的技能已经过时”，根据上文可以推知，其他产业在其他地区的发展对于已经从本行业下岗的工人们来说，所能得到的帮助应该是非常有限的，可推测出空格处所填词应为“帮助，安慰”的意思，因此答案为A项comfort，意为“抚慰，安慰”。解析：H 考点 考查名词。 该句意为“我们可以停止 -|_|-，放弃从自由贸易中获得的利益”，根据常识可知，若要保护本国的产业，则必须限制进口商品，由此可知空格处应填具有“进口”含义的词，故答案为H项imports“进口商品”；L项
47、exports意为“出口商品”，与文意正相反，可排除。解析：E 考点 考查副词。 此处意为“我们愿意出更多的钱来拯救国内的岗位，尽管这些岗位所在的产业在国外能更 -|_|-生产。”选项中E项efficiently意为“有效率地”，F项efficaciously意为“有效地，灵验地”，可知efficiently最符合句意和逻辑，故答案选E。解析：B 考点 考查动词。 该句意为“或者我们也可以以一种更有效的方式帮助自由贸易的受害者们，帮助他们通过 -|_|-，找到富有前景的工作。”分析句子成分可知，空格处应填动词原形。选项中B项retrain意为“再教育，重新培训”，I项restrain意为“抑制”；前文提到很多下岗工人自身拥有的技能已经过时，因此若要使工人们找到富有前景的工作，必须对他们重新进行培训以使他们更好地适应新时代的工作，由此可知B项retrain是正确答案。Aperception Bforward Cwealthy Dstrengthen Ebargaining Fcooperators Gcounterparts Hparticular Iefficient Jnegotiators Ksolidify Lforth Mexchanging Nthat Oindirect The increase in internatio
