1、大学英语四级 262 及答案解析(总分：746.52，做题时间：130 分钟)一、Writing (30 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Living Expenditure of College Students. You should write at least 120 words following the out line given below in Chinese: 1. 大学生的生活费用安排发生变化； 2. 产生这些变化的
2、原因是什么； 3. 你的看法。 （分数：30.00）_二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Labor Force The labor force is the part of a nations population that works for pay or that is looking for a paying job. In 1800, the United States had about 2 million people in its labor force. Most of them worked on farms, most of who
3、m were men. In 1993, about 130 million Americans were in the labor force. 96 million workers were found in large cities, 46 percent of whom were women. New Kinds of Jobs In the twentieth century, the U. S. labor force has undergone many changes. One of the most significant of these changes is in the
4、 decline in the number of blue collar jobs and the rise in the number of white-collar jobs. A blue-collar job involves manual or outdoor labor. Blue-collar workers include factory assemblers and welders; carpenters, plumbers(水暖工), mechanics, and painters; construction workers, and truck drivers. Alt
5、hough the number of blue-collar workers increased in the twentieth century, the future will see a declining need for such workers. Some of their jobs will be taken over by advanced automated and computerized machinery that can do certain blue-collar jobs more quickly and efficiently than people can.
6、 In contrast, a white-collar job involves work that is not chiefly manual. For example, white collar workers include accountants, engineers, teachers, lawyers, and sales personnel. In 1900, white collar workers made up about 20 percent of the labor force; today, 67 percent of all American wage earne
7、rs hold white collar jobs. Advances in computer technology have created many new white-collar jobs, such as those in programming and information processing. These changes will continue to dramatically change the nature of existing jobs. The Rise of Women in the Labor Force Until 1940, the opportunit
8、ies for women to hold jobs were limited. Prejudice and discrimination(歧视)against women forced many of them to find employment as teachers, nurses, and secretaries. In 1940, women held only 25 percent of the jobs. World War -1941 through 1945-brought about many changes in the labor force. Men were dr
9、afted to serve in the armed forces of the United States. At the same time, the country needed labor to keep factories running at full production to support the war effort. As a result, women were suddenly needed and hired even though they had been previously excluded from such jobs. Women not only r
10、epaired airplanes and land vehicles, but they also drove trucks, operated radios and ma chinery, and did clerical work. During the war years, the percentage of women in the labor force rose from 25 percent to 35 percent. Married women, many of whose husbands were in the armed forces, made up the gre
11、atest number of new women workers. In 1940, fewer than half of working women were single, but by 1945 a majority of women workers were married. By the end of the war, one out of every three workers in industry and business was a woman. The Postwar Years After the war, the men who returned from the a
12、rmed forces went back to the same jobs they had held prior to the war. As a result, many women lost their wartime jobs. However, not all the women who had held jobs for the first time returned to their former roles as homemakers. Women had proved they could do these jobs well. As a result, the tradi
13、tional barriers against the employment of women in such industries as steel and shipbuilding started to disappear. As the postwar prosperity continued, new positions became available for the returning men and for the many women workers now in the labor force. Many women found that they enjoyed not o
14、nly employment outside their homes but also the benefits of paying jobs. Many women were beginning to see work as a permanent part of their lives. By earning their own income, they became less dependent and more self-sufficient. Their independence gave them new choices and made them aware of a wider
15、 range of roles available to them. The economic prosperity that followed the war also enabled many young couples to purchase houses. Many began raising families. Some women chose to stay at home to raise their children, while their husbands went to work. As a result, the percentage of women workers
16、declined after the war, but it never went as low as it was in 1940. The 1960s to the 1990s The 1960s saw the beginning of many social changes in the United States, some of which were brought about by the womens liberation movement. Many women became keenly aware that they were often paid less than m
17、en for doing the same kind of work and that they were not promoted as easily or quickly as men. They also found that discrimination in jobs and in education still existed. As a result of womens protests, equal opportunity laws were passed that made discrimination against women in jobs and education
18、illegal. This legislation opened up to women many business and professional positions that had previously been closed to them. The 1970s were troubled by ongoing inflation. For many couples, the high standard of living combined with the high cost of living, made it necessary for both the husband and
19、 wife to hold paying jobs. The two-income family became a way of life that continues today. Many divorced, separated, or widowed women also entered the labor force in the 1970s. The 1980s brought more changes. Many businesses were not able to survive the recession of that period. Many manufacturing
20、industries, such as the auto, steel, textile, and clothing industries, suffered at the hands of increased competition from foreign countries. As a result, many plants and factories closed; the number of available jobs sharply declined. Because of the recession more mothers of young children entered
21、the labor force. In general, families in the 1970s,80s, and90s have had fewer children than families of earlier generations. There has therefore been less need for women to stay at home for many years to care for young children, and more married women have been free to join the job market. Coupled w
22、ith the trend toward two-income families, the labor force participation of married women with young children has risen dramatically since the 1970s. About 19 percent of mothers with children below age 6 were employed in 1970. In 1993, About 60 percent were employed. A Changing Labor Force Shifts fro
23、m blue-collar to white-collar jobs and the increase in the number of working women continue to affect the labor force. These trends are altering the relationship between workers and their work, and people require new skills and training in all fields of employment. Nevertheless, todays (1990s) worke
24、rs-whether blue-collar or white-collar, male or female-earn higher wages, work shorter hours, and receive more extra benefits than workers prior to the 1940s. （分数：71.00）(1).In 1993, women held 46 percent of the paying jobs in the United States. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The application of advanced auto
25、mated and computerized machinery will result in loss of some blue-collar jobs. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).During World War , some jobs which previously excluded women were open to them. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).After the war, returned male workers were responsible for the total loss of womens jobs. （分数：7.
26、10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Few women realized they suffered inequality in jobs and education in the 1960s. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(6).As the children grew up, most of the mothers entered the labor force again in the 1970s. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(7).The passage mainly illustrates trends in the US labor force during 1
27、940s and 1990s. （分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(8).In the 1970s, the high standard and cost of living contributed m the emergence of _. （分数：7.10）_(9).In 1980s, many manufacturing industries were increasingly confronted with _. （分数：7.10）_(10).Compared with the workers before 1940s, workers in the 1990s earn more
28、, work shorter hours, and are given _. （分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The man hates to lend his tools to other people.B.The man hasnt finished working on the bookshelf.C.The tools have already been returned to the woman.D.The tools the man borrowed from the woman are missing.A.Giv
29、e the ring to a policeman.B.Wait for the owner of the ring in the rest mom.C.Hand in the ring to the security office.D.Take the ring to the administration building.A.Save time by using a computer.B.Buy her own computer.C.Borrow Marthas computer.D.Stay home and complete her paper.A.The man doesnt hav
30、e money for his daughters graduate studies.B.The man doesnt think his daughter will get a business degree.C.The man insists that his daughter should pursue her studies in science.D.The man advises his daughter to think carefully before making her decision.A.The cinema is some distance away from wher
31、e they are.B.He would like to read the film review in the newspaper.C.They should wait to see the movie at a later time.D.Hell find his way to the cinema.A.Hes been to Seattle many times.B.He has chaired a lot of conferences.C.He has a high position in his company.D.He lived in Seattle for many year
32、s.A.Teacher and student.B.Doctor and patient.C.Manager and office worker.D.Travel agent and customer.A.She knows the guy who will give the lecture.B.She thinks the lecture might be informative.C.She wants to add something to her lecture.D.Shell finish her report this weekend.A.An art museum.B.A beau
33、tiful park.C.A college campus.D.An architectural exhibition.A.The houses for sale are of poor quality.B.The houses are too expensive for the couple to buy.C.The housing developers provide free trips for potential buyers.D.The man is unwilling to take a look at the houses for sale.四、Section B(总题数：2，分
34、数：10.00)A.Through what ways the woman would tackle problems.B.How she became an assistant manager so young.C.What she would do if she refused to carry out an order.D.What would happen if she refused to carry out an order.A.She has had problems of authority.B.She became an assistant manager recently.
35、C.She became a manager recently.D.She became an assistant manager a few years ago.A.She came to discuss a problem with the man.B.She came to introduce herself to the man.C.She wanted to be an assistant manager.D.She came to apply for a management position.A.Because she has a great deal of experience
36、 in senior management.B.Because she has a lack of experience in senior management.C.Because she would bring a new approach to the job.D.Because she is a member of the institute of personnel managers.A.She wants to find a job in this summer to pay for tuition fees.B.She lives far away from her parent
37、s.C.She will have no time to visit her parents in this summer.D.She doesnt miss her parents.A.They traveled around there.B.They taught English there.C.They did geological research there.D.They served as volunteer workers there.A.Her bills are already too high.B.She has enough money to pay off tuitio
38、n fees.C.She prefers to be independent.D.She is disqualified to get a loan.A.For education.B.To enjoy themselves.C.For adventure.D.To look for a different lifestyle.A.It has a dense population.B.It has many towering buildings.C.There are 200 vehicles for every kilometer of railway.D.There are many m
39、useums and palaces.A.It has many big and beautiful parks.B.It possesses many historical sites.C.It is a city of contrasts.D.It is an important industrial center.A.It makes our life more interesting.B.It enables us to acquire first-hand knowledge.C.It helps develop our personalities.D.It brings about
40、 changes in our lifestyle.A.A terrorist with a gun.B.A passenger with a portable computer.C.A tired pilot.D.A smaller airplane.A.Portable computers.B.Radio.C.Mobile telephones.D.The source remains unconfirmed.A.Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane.B.Because it re
41、mains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with.C.Because scientists have not been able to produce the same effects in labs.D.Because experts lack adequate equipment to do such research.A.All airlines have enforced a total ban on electronic devices during flights.B.Portable compute
42、rs are confirmed as the greatest cause of aircraft crashes.C.It is difficult to predict how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircrafts computers.D.Mobile phones are as dangerous as portable computers on an airplane.A.He has had thirteen decayed teeth.B.He doesnt have a single decayed tooth.C.H
43、e has fewer decayed teeth than all other people.D.He never had a single tooth pulled out.A.Coca Cola.B.Sausage.C.Milk.D.Fried chicken.A.Brush your teeth right before you go to bed in the evening.B.Have as few of your teeth pulled out as possible.C.Have your teeth X-rayed at regular intervals.D.Clean
44、 your teeth shortly after eating.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The motel, or motor inn, is the (36) 1kind of place in which people who are away from home can (37) 2. The first motel opened, it is said, in (38) 3in Arizona. It was called Askins Cottage Camp. Later it was known as Askins Auto Camp, and m
45、otel is still in (39) 4there. It is believed that the (40) 5was first used in 1925 by the Milestone Motel. When the owner was (41) 6the name of the place on a sign and saw that he had not allowed enough room on the (42) 7to have “Milestone Motor Hotel“, he (43) 8it to “Milestone Motel“. From the ear
46、ly days (44) 9, motels have grown until today (45) 10. Moreover, motel owners provide more and more for the guests comfort and pleasure, (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：355.00)Bringing up children is hard
47、 work, and you are often to blame for any had behavior of your children. If so, Judith Rich Hams has good news for you. Parents, she argues, have no important long term effects on the development of the. personality of their children. Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood companions. Ms Harris takes to bits the assumption which has dominated developmental psychology for almost half a century. Ms Harriss attack on the developmentalists “nurture“ argument looks likely to reinforce doubts that the profession was already having. If parents matter, why is it that
