1、专业英语四级-267及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Adisappears Bamount Cperspective DInfants Eroutine Flimit Gphysically Hindividual Iaveraged Jdata Kwhereas LPeople Mdoubtful Nentertain Oinstinct During sleep, the fatigue of the body 1 and recuperation begins. The tired mind gathers new e
2、nergy. Once awake, the memory improves, and annoyance and problems are seen in a better 2 . Some adults require little sleep; others need eight to ten hours in every twenty-four. 3 sleep sixteen to eighteen hours daily and, as they grow older, the 4 gradually diminishes. Young students may need twel
3、ve hours; university students may need ten. A worker with a(n) 5 demanding job may also need ten, whereas an executive worker under great pressure may manage on six to eight. Many famous people are reputed to have required little sleep. Napoleon, Thomas Edison and Charles Darwin apparently 6 only fo
4、ur to six hours a night. Whatever your 7 need, you can be sure that by the age of thirty you will have slept for a total of more than twelve years. By that age you will also have developed a sleep 8 : a favorite hour, a favorite bed, a favorite position, and a formula you need to follow in order to
5、rest comfortably. Investigators have tried to find out how long a person can go without sleep. Several people have reached more than 115 hours, nearly five days, 9 animals that kept awake for from five to eight days have died of exhaustion. The 10 for human beings is probably about a week.（分数：25.00）
6、Aquarrelling Bpainful Ceveryday Dstretch Eenergetic Factive Gestimated Hroutine IFight Jdiscovered Ksharper Ltroublesome MCounteract Nnecessary Osleepy Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it is 11 ? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has pro
7、ved that everyone has daily energy cycle. During the hours when you labor through your work, you may say that you are hot. That is true. The time of day when you feel most 12 is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it come
8、s in the afternoon or evening. No one has 13 why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as: Get up, John! Youll be late for work again! The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family 14 ends when husbands and wives
9、 realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has. You cant change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Jr. Kleitman believes. Maybe youre 15 in the evening but feel you must stay up later anyway. 16 your cycle to s
10、ome extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This wont change your cycle, but youll get up steam and work better at your low point. Get off to a slow start which sav
11、es your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and 17 . Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the 18 search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do 19 work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentra
12、tion for your 20 hours.（分数：25.00）Afirst Bepisodes Cbelief Dtherapy Eurges Funifying Grelief Hsharp Ireliance Jmaintenance Kthereby Lunique Mimprovements Nusages Omodifying If we were all carbon copies of one another, identifying the causes of depression and its proper treatment would be simpler. But
13、 21 differences in life experience, temperament, and biology make treatment a complex matter. No single treatment works for everyone. However, research suggests that many people benefit from a combination of medication and 22 . Often, treatment is divided into three phases. Keep in mind, though, tha
14、t there are no 23 lines dividing the phases, and very few people take a straight path through them. In the 24 phase, the aim is to relieve your symptoms. Generally, this occurs within 612 weeks, but it may take longer depending on your response to the first treatments you try. In the continuation ph
15、ase, you work with your doctor to maximize your 25 . Further treatment adjustments, such as 26 dosage of a medication, can help. This period takes another four to five months. In the 27 phase, the aim is to prevent relapse. Ongoing treatment is often necessary, especially if you have already experie
16、nced several depressive 28 , have chronic low mood, or have risk factors that make a recurrence more likely. Often, medications are the first choice in treatment, especially if youre experiencing a severe depression or suicidal 29 . Many antidepressant drugs fall into three well-known categories: se
17、lective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Controlled studies have found that about 65%85% of people get some 30 from antidepressants, compared with 25%40% of people taking a placebo (a pill with no biologically active i
18、ngredient). But the very same drug that works wonders for a friend may fail to ease your symptoms. You may need to try a few different medications to find the one that works best for you with as few side effects as possible.（分数：25.00）Abehave Bliberal Cconsiderate Dterms Elegends Fpigeon Gfeatures Hc
19、haracterizing Iliability Jaudience Kjustification Lmasks Mappearance Nidentical Oindividual Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the 31 that make one face different from another.
20、 Yet a very young childor even an animal, such as a(n) 32 , can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted. We also tell people apart by how they 33 . When we talk about someones personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that 34 dif
21、ferent from others. Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someones personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a nice face looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked t
22、o describe a nice person, you might begin to think about someone who was kind, 35 , friendly, warm, and so forth. There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon, an American psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words 36 differences in peoples behavior. And many of
23、us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing, his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military typespeople are described with such 37 . People have always tried to type each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore 38 to show the 39 whether they played the villains or the heros rol
24、e. In fact, the words person and personality come from the Latin persona, meaning mask. Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the good guys from the bad guys because the two types differ in 40 as well as in actions.（分数：25.00）专业英语四级-267答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：
25、90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Adisappears Bamount Cperspective DInfants Eroutine Flimit Gphysically Hindividual Iaveraged Jdata Kwhereas LPeople Mdoubtful Nentertain Oinstinct During sleep, the fatigue of the body 1 and recuperation begins. The tired mind gathers new energy. Once awake, the memory im
26、proves, and annoyance and problems are seen in a better 2 . Some adults require little sleep; others need eight to ten hours in every twenty-four. 3 sleep sixteen to eighteen hours daily and, as they grow older, the 4 gradually diminishes. Young students may need twelve hours; university students ma
27、y need ten. A worker with a(n) 5 demanding job may also need ten, whereas an executive worker under great pressure may manage on six to eight. Many famous people are reputed to have required little sleep. Napoleon, Thomas Edison and Charles Darwin apparently 6 only four to six hours a night. Whateve
28、r your 7 need, you can be sure that by the age of thirty you will have slept for a total of more than twelve years. By that age you will also have developed a sleep 8 : a favorite hour, a favorite bed, a favorite position, and a formula you need to follow in order to rest comfortably. Investigators
29、have tried to find out how long a person can go without sleep. Several people have reached more than 115 hours, nearly five days, 9 animals that kept awake for from five to eight days have died of exhaustion. The 10 for human beings is probably about a week.（分数：25.00）解析：A 考点 考查动词。 and引导两个并列句，由此可知动词时
30、态需一致，且主语为第三人称单数，在备选项中找动词单数形式的选项即可。把A选项disappears“消失”代入原文，意为“睡眠能使人消除疲劳”，符合常识，故选A。解析：C 考点 考查名词。 结合句意“一旦醒来，记忆力得到改善，然后就能以更好的 -|_|-来看待烦恼和问题”，名词中只有C项最符合文意，perspective意为“观点，角度”。解析：D 考点 考查名词。 所选词首字母需大写，在D项和L项中选择。上一句提到成人每天所需的睡眠时间为810小时，由此并结合常识可推断每天睡眠1618个小时的应该是婴儿，故D项符合文意，Infants意为“婴儿，幼儿”。解析：B 考点 考查名词。 结合常识可知
31、，随着年龄的增长，婴儿睡眠的时间(量)逐渐减少，故B项符合文意，amount意为“数量”。解析：G 考点 考查副词。 空格所在句主要提到A worker with a -|_|- demanding job和an executive worker(行政员工)在睡眠时间上的对比，由此可推知前者应指体力劳动者，故G项最符合文意，physically意为“身体上地”。解析：I 考点 考查动词。 此句缺少谓语，所以空格处应填入动词，且主语都是已经过世的名人，时态应用一般过去时，故选I项averaged“平均为”。本句意为“显而易见的是，拿破仑、爱迪生和达尔文平均每晚只睡46个小时”。解析：H 考点 考
32、查形容词。 空格处需填入一个形容词，在H项和M项之间选择。上文先列举了各类人包括名人的睡眠时间，按照逻辑，这里是说无论你睡眠时间的个人需求是多少，到30岁时你的总睡眠时间肯定超过了12年，故H项符合文意，individual意为“个人的”。解析：E 考点 考查名词。 结合句意“到那个年纪你也会养成一个睡眠 -|_|-：最佳的入眠时间、最喜欢的床、最喜欢的睡姿”可知，E项最符合文意，routine意为“习惯，惯例”。解析：K 考点 考查连词 分析空格所在句，前半部分和后半部分形成对比关系，判断此处应填入连词，选项中只有K项符合，whereas意为“然而，反之”。解析：F 考点 考查名词。 上文提
33、到有关人能坚持多久不睡的测试调查和动物不睡觉所能承受的时间极限，由此可推测空格所在句指的是人不睡眠所能达到的极限时间，故F项符合文意，limit意为“限度，极限”。Aquarrelling Bpainful Ceveryday Dstretch Eenergetic Factive Gestimated Hroutine IFight Jdiscovered Ksharper Ltroublesome MCounteract Nnecessary Osleepy Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it is 11 ?
34、 This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has daily energy cycle. During the hours when you labor through your work, you may say that you are hot. That is true. The time of day when you feel most 12 is when your cycle of body temperature is a
35、t its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has 13 why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as: Get up, John! Youll be late for work again! The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his tempe
36、rature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family 14 ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has. You cant change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Jr. Kleitman believes. Maybe
37、youre 15 in the evening but feel you must stay up later anyway. 16 your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This wont change your cycle, but youll
38、 get up steam and work better at your low point. Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and 17 . Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the 18 search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possi
39、ble, do 19 work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your 20 hours.（分数：25.00）解析：B 考点 考查形容词。 空格前为系动词1s，因此空格处应填入形容词、动词的过去分词或名词。结合句意“你是否觉得早上起床如此困难，简直是 -|_|-?”和选项，可知B项最适合，painful意为“痛苦的”。解析：E 考点 考查形容词。 空格前为最高级标志词most，再由之前的系动词feel可知，空格处应填入多音节形容词。结合句意“一天中你觉得最 -|_|-的时刻是
40、你体温周期达到高峰的时刻”和选项，可知E项最适合，energetic意为“精力充沛的”。解析：J 考点 考查动词。 空格前为助动词has，因此空格处应填入动词的过去分词。结合句意“没人 -|_|-为什么会这样”和选项，可知J项最适合，discovered意为“发现，发觉”。G项estimated表示对数量等的“估计”，不符合句意，故排除G。解析：A 考点 考查名词。 空格前为名词family，之后为动词ends，因此空格处应填入名词或动名词作主语。结合选项和句意“当丈夫和妻子认识到这些精力周期的意义后，许多家庭 -|_|-就结束了”以及上文提到的那段熟悉的叫人起床的独白，可知A项最适合，qua
41、rrelling意为“争吵”。解析：O 考点 考查形容词。 空格前为系动词are，因此空格处应填入形容词、动词的过去分词或名词。结合句意“也许你在晚上 -|_|-但你觉得自己无论如何都应当晚点睡”和选项，可知O项最适合，sleepy意为“困倦的”。解析：M 考点 考查动词。 空格所在句缺少主语和谓语，因此可推断此句应为祈使句，再由空格后的名词短语your cycle可知，空格处应填入及物动词原形。结合句意“通过习惯性地故意晚睡以在一定程度上 -|_|-你的精力周期和选项，可知M项最适合，counteract意为“对抗”。I项fight意为“战胜，做斗争”，表意过于绝对，不符合原文，故排除干扰项
42、I。解析：D 考点 考查名词。 空格前为并列连词and，因此空格处应选和yawn并列的名词。结合句意“起床时不慌不忙地打个哈欠再 -|_|-”和选项，可知D项最适合，stretch意为“伸懒腰”。解析：L 考点 考查形容词。 空格前为定冠词the，空格后为名词search，因此空格处应填入形容词、动词过去分词或名词作定语。结合句意“前一晚把干净衣服摆出来，避免 -|_|-寻找”和选项，可知L项最适合，troublesome意为“麻烦的”。解析：H 考点 考查形容词。 空格前为及物动词do，空格后为名词work，因此空格处应填入形容词、动词过去分词或名词作定语。结合常识以及句意“只要有可能，在下
43、午做 -|_|-工作”和选项，可知H项最适合，routine意为“例行的，常规的”。everyday意为“日常的”，不可指例行的公事，不如routine更加符合文意，故排除C。解析：K 考点 考查形容词。 空格前为形容词性物主代词your，之后为名词hours，再由之前的并列连词or可知，空格处应填入和more并列的形容词比较级。结合句意“把需要更多精力和注意力的工作留在你 -|_|-时候做”和选项，可知K项最适合，sharper意为“更灵敏的，更警觉的”。F项active意为“活跃的”，含义与原文相符，但在语法上不符合原文，故排除F。Afirst Bepisodes Cbelief Dthe
44、rapy Eurges Funifying Grelief Hsharp Ireliance Jmaintenance Kthereby Lunique Mimprovements Nusages Omodifying If we were all carbon copies of one another, identifying the causes of depression and its proper treatment would be simpler. But 21 differences in life experience, temperament, and biology m
45、ake treatment a complex matter. No single treatment works for everyone. However, research suggests that many people benefit from a combination of medication and 22 . Often, treatment is divided into three phases. Keep in mind, though, that there are no 23 lines dividing the phases, and very few peop
46、le take a straight path through them. In the 24 phase, the aim is to relieve your symptoms. Generally, this occurs within 612 weeks, but it may take longer depending on your response to the first treatments you try. In the continuation phase, you work with your doctor to maximize your 25 . Further t
47、reatment adjustments, such as 26 dosage of a medication, can help. This period takes another four to five months. In the 27 phase, the aim is to prevent relapse. Ongoing treatment is often necessary, especially if you have already experienced several depressive 28 , have chronic low mood, or have risk factors that make a recurrence more likely. Often, medications are the first choice in treatment, especially if youre experiencing a severe depression or suicidal 29 . Many antidepressant drugs fall into three well-known categories: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricycli
