1、Designation: A367 11 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Methods ofChill Testing of Cast Iron1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A367; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods of chill testing apply to gray ironsthat are to be free of chill in the casting and to chilled irons thatare to have a spec
3、ific depth of chill in the casting. Two testmethods of determining the chilling tendencies of cast iron arecovered as follows. For many applications, either test methodwill be satisfactory if test pieces of the proper dimensions areselected.1.1.1 Test Method A, Wedge TestThis test is generallybetter
4、 adapted to the higher-strength gray irons. The acceler-ated cooling rate to induce the formation of a chill is broughtabout through the design of the test specimen. This test methodis simpler than Test Method B since maintenance of chillblocks or plates is not necessary.1.1.2 Test Method B, Chill T
5、estThis test is better adaptedto the softer grades of gray iron and should be used if thecasting is to have a specified depth of chill. The chill in thistype of test is induced by casting one edge of the test specimenagainst a metal or graphite chilled plate or block.1.2 The values stated in inch-po
6、und units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.2.1 The metric equivalency charts in Figs. 1 and 2 areprovided for information only.1.3 This standard does not purp
7、ort to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standar
8、d was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.TEST ME
9、THOD A WEDGE TEST2. Application2.1 Selection of a test specimen of appropriate dimensionswill allow measurement of chilling tendencies of all gray ironcompositions, with the exception of those having siliconcontents much over 2.50 % together with carbon contents over3.50 %.3. Test Specimens3.1 The p
10、atterns for the test specimens shall be made ofmetal to the dimensions shown in Fig. 1. With the exception ofthe length of the test specimen, dimensions shall not vary morethan 6132 in. (0.8 mm). The tolerance on the length of thespecimen shall be 618 in. (3.2 mm). The radius on the apex ofthe wedge
11、 should be formed by filing a132-in. flat on the sharpedge of the metal pattern and then carefully rounding the edgesformed by the132-in. flat and the sides of the wedge. If draft onthe pattern is desired, it may be obtained by varying dimensionH (Fig. 1) from one end of the specimen to the other. T
12、hepattern should be mounted in a core box so that the final corecan be poured with the wedge in such a position that its lengthis vertical. There shall be 1 in. (25.4 mm) minimum sand at thebottom of the core.4. Procedure4.1 CoresMake the test in a core. The cores may be eithersingle cores or gang c
13、ores. If a gang core is used, the minimumamount of sand between adjacent test specimens shall be notless than 212 B (Fig. 1). The sand cores shall be well curedand free of moisture. The base sand shall be of such finenessthat a smooth casting will be obtained. A sand with an AFSfineness2of about 70
14、will be found satisfactory, although asand with a fineness of 100 or finer may be used for the smallertest specimens.4.2 Pouring PracticePour all samples at as consistent apouring temperature as possible, since the amount of chill isclearly affected by the pouring temperature. Take precautionsto obt
15、ain a representative sample of iron for the test specimen.Best results are obtained with a sample ladle lined with arefractory mixture that is free of graphite and chilled iron. The1These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A04 on IronCastings and are the direct responsibility o
16、f Subcommittee A04.21 on Testing.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originallyapproved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A367 11. DOI:10.1520/A0367-11R17.2Mold & Core Test Handbook, The American Foundry Society.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbo
17、r Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendatio
18、ns issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Mon Apr 30 00 ladle should hold at least 5 lb (2.3 kg) of iron in order to avoidexcessive chilling of the iron before the test specimen can bepoured. Filling the ladle once with iron just prior to obtainingthe sam
19、ple for test is recommended.Wedge No.Wedge DimensionsBHA, degLengthin. mm in. mm in. mmW 1 0.20 5.1 1.00 25.4 11.5 4 101.6W 2 0.40 10.2 1.25 31.8 18 4 101.6W 3 0.75 19.1 1.50 38.1 28 4 101.6W312 1.00 25.4 1.75 44.4 32 5 127.0W 4 1.25 31.8 2.00 50.8 34.5 6 152.4FIG. 1 Dimensions for Test WedgesChill
20、Test No.Recommended Dimensions, in.RecommendedChill DepthRange,123 in.ATABH LDdG1C3161418 114 2123412132 3to122C14516316 112 37812132 4to163C38716516 134 3127812116 6to244C12916716 24158116 8to325C3413161116 212 5158332 12 to 48AT/2 to 2T.Note 1Casting to be made in a dry sand core.Note 2Allow34 in.
21、 of sand on all sides.Metric Equivalentsin. mm in. mm in. mm132 0.838 9.5 1 25.4116 1.6716 12.1 114 31.8332 2.412 12.7 112 38.118 3.2916 14.3 134 44.4316 4.81116 17.5 2 50.814 6.434 19.0 212 63.5516 7.91316 20.6FIG. 2 Recommended Dimensions for Test Method B Chill Test SpecimensA367 11 (2017)2Mon Ap
22、r 30 00 4.3 Cooling of Test SpecimenIf time is an important factorin control applications, the test specimen may be quenched inwater as soon as it is completely solid. The quenching must bedone carefully to avoid cracking of the chilled apex of thewedge. This may be accomplished by grasping the wedg
23、e withtongs at the apex of the wedge and immersing about14 to12 in.(6.4 to 12.7 mm) of the base of the wedge in water. The wedgemay then be gradually quenched but should be removed whilethere is still sufficient heat in the wedge to dry off the water. Ifspeed of testing is not important, the test sp
24、ecimen may beeither cooled in the core or in the air. If cooled to a very dullred before quenching in water, the demarcation between thechilled iron and the gray iron is somewhat clearer than if thetest specimen is quenched as soon as it is solid.5. Measurement of Chill5.1 Break the test specimen by
25、 striking with a hammer insuch a manner that the fracture is straight and midway of itslength. The chilled iron at the apex of the wedge with a fewexceptions consists of two zones. That portion nearest the apexentirely free of any gray spots is designated as clear chill. Thatportion starting with th
26、e end of the clear chill and continuing tothe location where the last spot of cementite or white iron isvisible is designated as the mottled zone. The extent of themottled zone may vary from virtually nothing to an amountequal to and even greater than the amount of the clear chill. Ifthe wedge is me
27、asured at the junction of the gray fracture withthe first appearance of chilled iron, the measurement shall bedesignated as total chill. In all cases, express the chill in132 in.(0.8 mm) as measured across the wedge at the locations justdescribed. The location of this measurement for a wedgehaving a
28、 narrow mottled zone is shown in Fig. 1. For structurecontrol purposes, it is generally satisfactory to measure thewedge where the structure is approximately 50 % white ironand 50 % gray iron. This value will be found to be virtually thesame as the average of the measurement of the clear chillmeasur
29、ement, designate the size of the test specimen. A chillreported as W3-12 would indicate that wedge W3 was used andthe width at the junction of the chilled and gray portions of thefraction was1232 in. (9.5 mm).TEST METHOD B CHILL TEST6. Application6.1 This test method is better adapted than Test Meth
30、odAtoirons having silicon contents of 2.50 % and over and carboncontents of 3.50 % and over. It is also useful for controlpurposes in high-production foundries making irons somewhatlower in carbon and silicon than indicated above. This testmethod is also preferable for applications in which the cast
31、ingis to have a specified depth of chill.7. Test Specimens7.1 The patterns shall be made of metal and conform to thedimensions shown in Fig. 2. All dimensions shall be within6132 in. (0.8 mm) of those shown, with the exception of thelength which may vary 618 in. (3.2 mm). The test specimensshown are
32、 designed to be cast in the position shown. Thisdesign is the preferred one, although for high-production work,a gang core box and pattern may be used. In this case, a testspecimen with the chilled face in a vertical position may befound more convenient although it is not considered assatisfactory a
33、s the horizontally cast test specimen.8. Procedure8.1 CoresMake the test in a core. For general application,a single core is considered more satisfactory than a gang core.If a gang core is used, the amount of sand between testspecimens shall be 1 in. (25.4 mm) minimum or 212 A (Fig.2), whichever is
34、greater. The remarks concerning cores in 4.1apply here also.8.2 Chill PlatesChill plates may be cast iron, steel,copper, or graphite. Machine the surface of the chill plate.When single test specimens are cast, the chill plate shall extendat least 1 in. beyond the test specimens in all directions and
35、shall be at least 1 in. thick. For high-production work, asufficient number of chill plates must be available to keep thetemperature of the plate below 500 F (260 C). A water-cooled steel plate will be found more satisfactory for high-production work. A water-cooled plate having a reservoir isprefer
36、able to one having circulating water. In the latter case theplate may become too cold, resulting in condensation ofmoisture on the plate. The chill plate must be kept free of thefire cracks and all foreign matter as the depth of chill ismarkedly affected by the presence of films of burned oil orothe
37、r accumulations. The best practice is to clean off the platewith a wire brush as soon as the core and test specimen areremoved.8.3 Pouring PracticeRemarks on pouring practice in 4.2apply here. In addition, do not pour iron directly on the chillplate, as the depth of chill may be affected or the test
38、 specimenmay burn on the chill plate. It may be desirable to place aweight on the core when pouring it as there may be a tendencyfor the core to lift as it is being poured. The opening in the coreshall be free of sand fins and shall set flat on the chill plate. Inthe event the core does not fit the
39、chill plate, rub it until it does.8.4 Cooling of Test PieceThe remarks in 4.3 apply here. Ifrapid testing is desired, the chill test specimen may bequenched in water, starting with the edge farthest from thechilled edge.9. Measurement of Chill9.1 Break the test specimen in such a manner that thefrac
40、ture is straight and follows the notch in the test specimen.The chill from the chilled face to the first appearance of a grayspot shall be designated as clear chill. The distance from thechilled face to the last appearance of a spot of white iron shallbe designated as total chill. That portion of th
41、e chill affectedzone between the clear chill and the total chill shall bedesignated as the mottled zone.As in Section 5, it will be foundsatisfactory for general structure and quality control purposesto measure chill from the chilled face to a location where thestructure is approximately 50 % white
42、iron, which is roughlyhalf-way through the mottled zone. If the chill test is used forthe control of iron for castings having a chilled surface forwear-resistant purposes, it would be desirable to measure andrecord clear chill. If the casting with a chilled surface is to haveA367 11 (2017)3Mon Apr 3
43、0 00 some machining operation in the proximity of the chilledsurface, it may also be necessary to specify maximum depth oftotal chill as well as depth of clear chill. In all cases, the depthof chill shall be expressed in132 in. (0.8 mm) and the size ofthe test specimen used shall be designated. For
44、example, ameasurement recorded as 4C-12 indicates that test specimendesign 4C was used and the depth of chill was1232 in.(9.5 mm).ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard a
45、re expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not
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47、ou may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,Unite
48、d States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 11 (2017)4Mon Apr 30 00
