1、Designation: D5344 99 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forExtension Force of Partially Oriented Yarn1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5344; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of extensionforce developed while drawing a partially oriented filamentyarn between
3、pairs of draw rolls of different surface speeds.1.2 Extension force provides an estimate of the yarn orien-tation.1.3 This test method applies to partially oriented filamentyarns less than 33.3 tex (300 denier), but it can be used forhigher deniers by applying the test conditions as directed inAppen
4、dix X1.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to e
5、stablish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevel
6、opment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD2258 Practice for Samp
7、ling Yarn for TestingD2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With-drawn 2008)3D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextiles (Withdrawn 2008)3D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers3. Terminology3.1 For termin
8、ology related to yarn test methods refer toTerminology D4849.3.2 The following terms are relevant to this standard:drawing; draw ratio (DR); draw texturing; extension; extensionforce; partially oriented yarn.3.3 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod refer to Terminology D123
9、.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Partially oriented filament yarn withdrawn from a pack-age is pretensioned, heated, and drawn on an instrument underconditions similar to those used in the draw-texturing process.Atension measuring head senses the force required to draw therunning yarn a specified amoun
10、t of its original length undergiven conditions.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-tance testing of commercial shipments because current esti-mates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and themethod is used extensively in the trade for acceptanc
11、e testing.5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance. As a minimum, the test samples to be
12、used are ashomogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material fromwhich the disparate test results are obtained, and are assignedrandomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing.Other materials with established test values may be used forthis purpose. The test results from the two laborato
13、ries shouldbe compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.Current edition approved July 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally appro
14、vedin 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D534499(2011). DOI:10.1520/D5344-99R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document
15、Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internatio
16、nally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Mon Apr 30 59 probability level chosen prior to the t
17、esting series. If a bias isfound, either its cause must be found and corrected, or futuretest results must be adjusted in consideration of the knownbias.5.2 Elapsed time between spinning and testing has a markedeffect on the results of the draw tension test, especially duringthe first 24 h. Therefor
18、e, if tested within 24 h of spinning,specimens should be compared only if tested after the sameelapsed time. No specimen should be tested within4hofspinning because the aging process is at its most rapid rateduring this period, and the differences in rate due to fiberstructure are most pronounced.5.
19、3 The extension force of manufactured filament yarns isrelated to the alignment of the molecules in the yarn filaments,which influences the yarn processing behavior. Knowledge ofthis property of partially oriented yarn is useful to determineprocessing conditions.6. Apparatus6.1 Extension Force Measu
20、ring Instrument,4,5which willperform the test on a running threadline. This instrumentshould include the following: (1) an input section to withdrawthe yarn from a package and position the yarn for delivery tothe drawing section and establish constant tension, (2)adrawing section that should include
21、 a constant heat source toprovide for the extension of the yarn, and (3) a means ofrecording the force required to draw the yarn.7. Sampling and Test Specimens7.1 Primary Sampling UnitConsider shipping containersof yarns to be the primary sampling unit.7.2 Laboratory Sampling UnitFrom the combined n
22、umberof primary sampling units in a designated lot, take tenrandomly selected packages as directed in Practice D2258 aslaboratory sampling units.7.3 Test SpecimensFor acceptance testing, take one testspecimen from each laboratory sampling unit. For nylon andpolyester, use a 50-m test length. For pol
23、ypropylene, use a100-m test length.8. Conditioning8.1 Prior to conditioning, prepare the test packages byremoving at least 100 m (10 yds) of yarn from the outside ofeach test package to avoid testing nonrepresentative yarn. Nopreconditioning is required.NOTE 1Preconditioning is generally not advisab
24、le because it prolongsthe time required for conditioning.8.2 Bring the specimens in package form to moistureequilibrium for testing in the standard atmosphere for testingtextiles 216 1C (70 6 2F) and 65 6 2 % relative humidityin accordance with Practice D1776. A 24-h period is usuallysufficient.9. P
25、rocedure9.1 Perform all tests in the standard atmosphere for testingtextiles, which is 21 6 1C or 70 6 2F and 65 6 2 % relativehumidity.9.2 Calibrate the test instrument as specified by the manu-facturer. Test certified control packages and evaluate themusing statistical procedures to verify calibra
26、tion.9.3 Test Conditions:9.3.1 Use the test conditions as specified in Table 1 for tothe instrument being used. The use of these conditions willallow for the direct comparison of test results from the twoinstruments.NOTE 2Due to the difference in heater length on the two testinstruments, the draw ro
27、ll speed is different to maintain the same dwelltime of the yarn in the heater. It is important to maintain the same dwelltime in the heater at a given heat to assure reproducible data for extensionforce test.NOTE 3For conditions other than those given in 9.3.1, see AppendixX1 for test condition opt
28、imization, which provides for direct comparisonbetween users.9.4 Procedure for Testing Specimens:9.4.1 Remove surface yarn from the outside of each packageimmediately before the test is run to remove damaged ordisturbed yarn.9.4.2 Mount the test package on a suitable holder.9.4.3 Turn the instrument
29、 on.9.4.4 Feed the yarn through the instrument as specified bythe instrument operators manual (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).9.4.5 Set the yarn test speed.9.4.6 Check the yarn pretension, if applicable.9.4.7 Run the test for a minimum of 1 min.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate the average extension force of ea
30、ch packagein the laboratory sample from the chart recorder or input signalto the microprocessor.10.2 Calculate the average extension force and coefficient ofvariation for the lot.11. Report11.1 State that the test was performed as directed in this testmethod.4DYNAFIL, available from Lawson-Hemphill
31、1658 G A R Highway, Suite 6,Swansea, MA 02777, has been found suitable. Textechno Herbert Stein GmbH &Co. KG, Dohrweg 65, 41066 Mnchengladbach, Germany.5DTI, available from W. Fritz Mezger, Inc., 155 Hall Street, Spartanburg, SC293021523, has been found suitable. Lenzing Instruments GmbH & Co KG,Bun
32、desstrasse 1a, A-4860, Lenzing, Austria.TABLE 1 Test ConditionsDYNAFIL, 7.62-cm HeaterPolymer TypePretension Draw Roll Speed,m/minHeat,CDrawRatiocN/tex g/denPolyester 0.90 0.10 50 150 1.60Nylon 0.90 0.10 50 150 1.40Polypropylene 0.90 0.10 100 140 1.60DTI, 104-cm HeaterPolymer TypeDraw Roll Speedm/mi
33、nHeat DrawC RatioPolyester 68.2 150 1.60Nylon 68.2 150 1.40Polypropylene 136.5 140 1.60D5344 99 (2017)2Mon Apr 30 59 11.2 Report the following information for the laboratorysampling unit and for the lot as applicable to a materialspecification or contract order.11.2.1 Lot number, individual package
34、identification,denier, and number of filaments of feed yarn.11.2.2 Sampling protocol (number of packages tested andnumber of tests per package).11.2.3 Test conditions (see Table 1).11.2.4 Average extension force for each package tested.11.2.5 Average extension force and coefficient of variationfor t
35、he lot.11.2.6 Any modifications to the test.12. Precision and Bias12.1 SummaryIn comparing two single observations, thedifference should not exceed 1.5 percentage points of theaverage of the two observations in 95 out of 100 cases whenboth observations are taken by the same well-trained operatorusin
36、g the same piece of test equipment and specimens ran-domly drawn from the same sample of material. Largerdifferences likely are to occur under all other circumstances.See 12.2 12.4 for an explanation of the basis for thissummary and for evaluations made under other conditions.12.2 Interlaboratory Te
37、st Data6An interlaboratory testwas run in 1995 in which the DYNAFIL and DTI were bothused and randomly drawn samples of three materials (see Table2) were tested in each of six laboratories (five DYNAFILS andone DTI). Two operators in each laboratory tested five speci-mens of each material on two dif
38、ferent days. Analysis of thedata was conducted using Practice D2904, Practice D2906, andthe adjunct TEX-PAC.7The components of variance forextension force results expressed as standard deviations areshown in Table 2.12.3 Critical DifferencesFor the components of variancereported in Table 2, two aver
39、ages of observed values should beconsidered significantly different at the 95 % probability levelif the difference equals or exceeds those shown in Table 3.12.4 BiasThe procedure of this test method produces atest value that can be defined only in terms of a test method.There is no independent, refe
40、rence method by which bias maybe determined. This test method has no known bias.13. Keywords13.1 force, extension; partially-oriented; yarn6Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D13-1103.7Adjunct is no longer available.
41、FIG. 1 Layout of Extension Force Measuring UnitDYNAFILD5344 99 (2017)3Mon Apr 30 59 FIG. 2 Layout of Extension Force Measuring UnitDTITABLE 2 Average and Components of VarianceAMaterial Tested GrandAverageSingle-OperatorComponentWithin-LaboratoryComponentBetween-LaboratoryComponentPolyester (POY)127
42、(70)/34 56T 39.97 0.36 0.0 0.65Polyester (POY)265(150)/34 56T 65.01 0.71 0.0 1.49Nylon (POY)95(70)/34 AJ28T 127.33 0.37 0.52 1.33AComponents of variance are given as standard deviations to express thevariability in units of measure rather than the squares of those measures.TABLE 3 Critical Differenc
43、es for Conditions NotedANumber ofObservationsSingle-OperatorPrecisionWithin-LaboratoryPrecisionBetween-LaboratoryPrecisionPolyester (POY) 127(70)/34 56T1 1.0 1.0 2.05 0.4 0.4 1.810 0.3 0.3 1.8Polyester (POY) 265(150)/34 56T1 2.0 2.0 4.65 0.9 0.9 4.210 0.6 0.6 4.2Nylon (POY) 95(70)/34 AJ28T1 1.0 1.8
44、4.15 0.5 1.5 4.010 0.3 1.5 4.0AThe critical differences were calculated using z = 1.960.D5344 99 (2017)4Mon Apr 30 59 APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. OPTIMIZATION OF EXTENSION FORCE TEST CONDITIONSX1.1 The selection of test conditions (yarn speed, heatertemperature, and draw ratio) that will a
45、ssure data reproductiv-ity for extension force testing is as follows:X1.1.1 Select a draw ratio (DR) based on the ratio of the tex(denier) of the feed yarn to the drawn yarn, using Eq X1.1:DR 5 F/D (X1.1)where:DR = draw ratio,F = feed yarn, tex (denier), andD = drawn yarn, tex (denier).X1.1.2 If a s
46、et of draw rolls is not available at the calculatedDR, use the next higher ratio that is attainable.X1.2 Select speed and temperature settings that assureeffective yarn temperatures that exceed the glass transitiontemperature (Tg) of the yarn being tested. This conditionprovides the most stable resu
47、lts for extension force testing.This condition is met on the flat portion of the curves in Fig.X1.1.X1.2.1 To select speed and temperature combinations, de-velop a series of extension force versus speed plots at increas-ing heater temperature settings as shown in Fig. X1.1. Selectheater temperatures
48、 and speed combinations that fall on the flatportion of the curve.X1.3 The fiber producer should be a source for test condi-tions that provide the most stable test results for extensionforce testing.FIG. X1.1 Temperature and Speed Effects on Extension ForceD5344 99 (2017)5Mon Apr 30 59 ASTM Internat
49、ional takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for
