1、Designation: C852/C852M 17Standard Guide forDesign Criteria for Plutonium Gloveboxes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C852/C852M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide defines criteria for the design of gloveboxsystems to be used for the handling of plutonium in anychemical or physical form or is
3、otopic composition or whenmixed with other elements or compounds. Not included in thecriteria are systems auxiliary to the glovebox systems such asutilities, ventilation, alarm, and waste disposal. Also notaddressed are hot cells or open-face hoods.1.2 The scope of this guide excludes specific licen
4、se re-quirements relating to provisions for criticality prevention,hazards control, safeguards, packaging, and material handling.Observance of this guide does not relieve the user of theobligation to conform to all federal, state, and local regulationsfor design and construction of glovebox systems.
5、1.3 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-formanc
6、e with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establilsh appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior t
7、o use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarri
8、ers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting for High Temperature or High PressureService and Other Special Purpose ApplicationsA240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Pla
9、te, Sheet, and Strip for PressureVessels and for General ApplicationsA269/A269M Specification for Seamless and Welded Aus-tenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General ServiceA312/A312M Specification for Seamless, Welded, andHeavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel PipesA376/A376M Specification f
10、or Seamless Austenitic SteelPipe for High-Temperature ServiceA480/A480M Specification for General Requirements forFlat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate,Sheet, and StripA999/A999M Specification for General Requirements forAlloy and Stainless Steel PipeA1016/A1016M Specification for Gen
11、eral Requirements forFerritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and StainlessSteel TubesF837 Specification for Stainless Steel Socket Head CapScrews2.2 Other Standards, Codes, and GuidelinesANSI N13.1 Guide to Sampling Airborne Radioactive Ma-terials in Nuclear Facilities3ANSI/ASME NQA-1 Quality
12、Assurance Requirements forNuclear Facility Applications3ANSI/ASME AG-1 Code on Nuclear Air and Gas Treat-ment3NFPA-70 National Electrical Code4NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code4NFPA 801 Standard for Fire Protection for Facilities Han-dling Radioactive MaterialsDOE-HDBK-1081-94 DOE Handbook on Primer
13、of Spon-taneous Heating and Pyrophoricity51This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear FuelCycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.14 on Remote Systems.Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originallyapproved in 1977. Last previous e
14、dition approved in 2016 as C852/C852M 16.DOI: 10.1520/C0852_C0852M-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM
15、 website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.5Available to the public from the U.S. De
16、partment of Commerce, TechnologyAdministration, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally
17、recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.123 10 CFR 20 Standards for Protection Against Radiation610
18、CFR 50 Domestic Licensing of Production and Utiliza-tion Facilities640 CFR 260279 Solid Waste RegulationsResource Con-servation and Recovery Act (RCRA)610 CFR 830 Subpart A Quality Assurance Requirements6AGS-G001-2007 Guideline for Gloveboxes, Third Edition7AGS-G004-2014 Standard of Practice for Lea
19、k Test Meth-odologies for Gloveboxes and Enclosures7AGS-G005-2014 Standard of Practice for the Specificationof Gloves for Gloveboxes7AGS-G006-2005 Standard of Practice for the Design andFabrication of Nuclear-Application Gloveboxes7AGS-G010-2011 Standard of Practice for the Glovebox FireProtection7A
20、GS-G013-2011 Guideline for Glovebox Ergonomics73. Significance and Use3.1 The purpose of this guide is to establish criteria for thedesign of gloveboxes as primary confinement systems toensure the safety of the workers and the protection of theenvironment when storing, handling, processing, and disp
21、osingof both combustible and non-combustible forms of plutonium.The use of this guide will provide the user with guidance todesign a successfully performing glovebox system.4. Quality Assurance4.1 A quality assurance program should be established forthe design, fabrication, construction, acceptance
22、testing, andoperation, including modifications, repairs, replacement andmaintenance of structures, systems, and components importantto safety. Quality assurance requirements should be specified inthe purchase order or contract (see 10 CFR 50 Appendix B, 10CFR 830 Subpart A, and ANSI/ASME NQA-1).5. D
23、esign Considerations5.1 Design considerations should include engineered safetyfeatures and redundant plant services to achieve confinementreliability. Reliability should be considered in the light of therisk associated with postulated accidents (for example, acci-dents resulting from pyrophoric beha
24、vior of metallicplutonium), the probability of occurrence of the accidents, andthe severity of their consequences, as well as in the light ofnormal processing requirements. The design for the gloveboxsystem should consider all of the following subjects:5.1.1 Fire,5.1.2 Explosions,5.1.3 Seismic event
25、s,5.1.4 Installation and removal from service,5.1.5 Automated equipment,5.1.6 Glovebox process operations,5.1.7 Criticality,5.1.8 Confinement system leaks,5.1.9 Power failure,5.1.10 Service water failure,5.1.11 Other services failure,5.1.12 Glovebox pressurization,5.1.13 Glovebox evacuation,5.1.14 H
26、ealth physics,5.1.15 Need for glovebox isolation or compartmentalizationor both,5.1.16 Maintenance,5.1.17 Ergonomics,5.1.18 Decontamination methods, and5.1.19 Chemical compatibility and corrosion resistance.6. Glovebox System Design Features6.1 The glovebox system is defined as a series of physicalb
27、arriers provided with glove ports and gloves, through whichprocess and maintenance operations may be performed, to-gether with an operating ventilation system. The gloveboxsystem should minimize the potential for release of radioactivematerial to the environment under normal and abnormalconditions,
28、protect the operators from contamination undernormal operating conditions, and mitigate the consequences ofabnormal conditions to the maximum extent practical. Wherefeasible and practical, the glovebox should incorporate passivesafety controls rather than active safety controls. In the eventthat the
29、 glovebox is used to process and handle metallicplutonium, it should provide a dry inert atmosphere such asnitrogen or argon to prevent combustion or pyrophoric behav-ior of the plutonium. Compartmentalization within and be-tween gloveboxes should be considered and installed asnecessary to mitigate
30、the potential seriousness of accidentsinvolving fire, explosion, or criticality. The glovebox systemdesign should consider interconnecting tunnels, conveyors, andpassageways for transferring materials between adjacent glove-boxes. Provision for containment should be provided.6.2 Confinement:6.2.1 Th
31、e glovebox shall be designed to operate at 50 to 500Pa 0.2 to 2.0 in. H2O gauge pressure negative to the room inwhich it is located. The glovebox and its accessory equipmentshall be designed to prevent liquid flooding or subjection of thebox to excessive vacuum or pressure. Control devices, such aso
32、il filtered U-tubes to relieve pressure, shall be positive-actingor automatic, or both. See USAEC Report TID 24236.8Passivefeatures such as inlet filters, restricted orifices or both shall beconsidered and sized appropriately.6.2.2 The glovebox, when assembled and blanked off(evacuated to a given ne
33、gative pressure and sealed off fromfurther evacuation source), should pass a leak-rate not toexceed 0.3 volume % air/h when tested at an initial pressuredifferential of one kPa 4 in. H2O gauge for 1 h. Penetrationsin the glovebox (such as conduits, ports, ducts, pipes, andwindows) shall be construct
34、ed to prevent the release of6Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.7Available from the American Glovebox Society, P.O. Box 9099, Santa Rosa,CA, 95405, http:/www.gloveboxsociety
35、.org.8“Glovebox Window Materials: a Glovebox Fire Safety Application,” TID-24896, United States Atomic Energy Commission, Factory Mutual ResearchCorporation, 1969, http:/www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/4822006-KYw7jb/.C852/C852M 17223 radioactive material under normal operating conditions
36、. Fur-ther test requirements for gloveboxes are defined in AGS-G001-2007 and AGS-G004-2014.6.2.3 The design of gloveboxes should include means tocontrol and minimize the release of radioactive materials to theplant system during normal plant operation and under apostulated design basis accident.6.3
37、Glovebox ConstructionGloveboxes should be con-structed using appropriate materials and workmanship toensure confinement and to minimize leakage. The gloveboxand support structure should be designed for the heaviestanticipated loading in the glovebox, including such loadingfactors as pressure differe
38、ntials, appurtenances, windows, in-ternal equipment, and seismic loading. Combustible materialsshould be held to a minimum. See AGS-G001-2007 andAGS-G006-2005.6.3.1 MaterialsGloveboxes should be constructed of ma-terials that will be compatible with intended use for structuralstrength, corrosion res
39、istance, resistance to radiationdegradation, and radiation shielding. Gloveboxes should bestructurally proof tested at pressures of either 1245 Pa +5 in.H2O gauge or 1.25 times the relief device setting, whicheveris greater. The containment structure should be constructedfrom a minimum of 3.18-mm 0.
40、125 in. thick 304L or 316Lseries stainless steel per Specifications A240/A240M andA480/A480M. The interior should be smooth and free ofcrevices and sharp objects. Internal radii should be compatiblewith decontamination and radiation monitoring in accordancewith AGS standards. Strippable surface coat
41、ings may beapplied to the interior of the glovebox to facilitate cleaning ordecontamination. Surface coatings on the interior of the glove-box may be required for protection when certain acids(hydrochloric, sulphuric, or hydrofluoric) or other corrosivematerials are present in the glovebox. Any coat
42、ings applied tothe interior of the glovebox must be considered as part of thecombustible material loads for that glovebox. Glovebox fabri-cation tolerances should be specified. See USAEC ReportTID-24236,8USAEC Report TID-16020,9and AGS-G001-2007 for options.6.3.2 WindowsWindows should be convenientl
43、y locatedfor the worker, and should be constructed of noncombustible orfire-resistant materials that are resistant to mechanical shockand radiation. Gloveboxes intended for the processing andhandling of metallic plutonium or uranium should avoid usingwindows made of plastic or other combustible mate
44、rials.Laminated glass or a combination of laminated glass andpolycarbonate is the preferred construction. The windows shallbe securely fastened and should be gasketed or sealed withmaterial that will resist deterioration by chemical attack andradiation degradation, and permit replacement with minimu
45、mrisk of contamination to the facility. See USAEC ReportTID-2489610and AGS-G001-2007 for types of material. Win-dow gaskets shall be protected from a fire on both the interiorand exterior of the glovebox. An example of a clampedwindow assembly that minimizes the gasket area exposed topotential fires
46、 can be found in AGS-G001-2007.6.3.3 Glove PortsGlove ports should be designed to allowreplacement of gloves without compromising the gloveboxatmosphere or contamination control. Ports should be locatedto facilitate both operating and maintenance work, and takeinto account the need for two-handed op
47、eration, depth of reach,operator comfort from an ergonomic perspective, and position-ing with respect to other ports. A detailed dimensional analysisof the operations would assist in eliminating blind spots orinaccessible areas. If glove ports are not used routinely, theyshall have glove port plugs
48、and non-combustible glove portcovers installed. The plugs should be considered in the designfor each glovebox. See AGS-G010-2011.6.3.4 GlovesGloves should be chosen on the basis ofresistance to possible corrosive atmospheres in the glovebox;resistance to radiation degradation, tearing, and puncturin
49、g;and their capability to provide some radiation shielding to thehands. Consideration should be given to high or low tempera-ture sources within the glovebox and their proximity to thegloves. Pinch points and sharp corners should be avoided to thegreatest extent possible consistent with ergonomic consider-ations. Gloves should also be selected on the basis of main-taining maximum dexterity of hand movement. See AGS-G005-2014.6.3.5 Internal ConfigurationConsider designing theglovebox with rounded corners and smooth surface finish toavoid areas where pl
