1、Designation: F3095 17aStandard Practice forLaser Technologies for Direct Measurement of CrossSectional Shape of Pipeline and Conduit by Rotating LaserDiodes and CCTV Camera System1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3095; the number immediately following the designation indicates th
2、e year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the procedure for the post i
3、nstalla-tion verification and acceptance of buried pipe deformationusing a visible rotating laser light diode(s), a pipeline andconduit inspection analog or digital CCTV camera system andimage processing software. The combination CCTV pipeinspection system, with cable distance counter or onboarddist
4、ance encoder, rotating laser light diode(s) and ovalitymeasurement software shall be used to perform a pipe mea-surement and ovality confirmation survey, of new or existingpipelines and conduits as directed by the responsible contract-ing authority. This standard practice provides minimum re-quireme
5、nts on means and methods for laser profiling to meetthe needs of engineers, contractors, owners, regulatoryagencies, and financing institutions.1.2 This practice applies to all types of material, all types ofconstruction, or shape.1.3 This practice applies to gravity flow storm sewers,drains, sanita
6、ry sewers, and combined sewers with diametersfrom 6 to 72 in. (150 to 1800 mm).1.4 The Laser Light Diode(s) shall be tested, labeled andcertified to conform to US requirements for CDRH Class 2 orbelow (not considered to be hazardous) laser products orcertified to conform to EU requirements for Class
7、 2M or belowlaser products as per IEC 60825-1, or both.1.5 The profiling process may require physical access tolines, entry manholes and operations along roadways that mayinclude safety hazards.1.6 This practice includes inspection requirements for de-termining pipeline and conduit ovality only and
8、does notinclude all the required components of a complete inspection.The user of this practice should consider additional itemsoutside this practice for inspection such as joint gapmeasurement, soil/water infiltration, crack and holemeasurement, surface damage evaluation, evaluation of anypipeline r
9、epairs, and corrosion evaluation.1.7 This standard practice does not address limitations inaccuracy due to improper lighting, dust, humidity, fog, mois-ture on pipe walls or horizontal/vertical offsets. Care should betaken to limit environmental factors in the pipeline that affectaccuracy of the ins
10、pection.1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if a
11、ny, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.There are no safety hazards specifically, however, associatedwith the use of
12、 the laser profiler specified (listed and labeled asspecified in 1.3).1.10 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom
13、-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test
14、MethodF1216 Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines andConduits by the Inversion and Curing of a Resin-Impregnated Tube1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F36 on Technologyand Underground Utilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F36.20on Inspection
15、and Renewal of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originallyapproved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F3095-17. DOI:10.1520/F3095-17A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact AST
16、M Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoho
17、cken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organi
18、zation Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1F2019 Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines andConduits by the Pulled in Place Installation of GlassReinforced Plastic (GRP) Cured-in-Place ThermosettingResin Pipe (CIPP)2.2 Other Documents:IEC 60825-1 Safety of Laser ProductsPart 1: Eq
19、uipmentClassification and Requirements, Jan 20113CDRH Regulations CFR 21, Section I, Subchapter J, Parts1002 to 1040.1143. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 authority, nparty reasonable for the generation andverification of performance to job specification(s) and co
20、ntractrequirements.3.1.2 barrel distortion, ndistortion of an image producedby an optical system that causes straight lines at image marginsto bulge outwards.3.1.3 CCTV, na closed circuit pipeline and conduit inspec-tion television system including a camera, camera transporter,integrated lighting, c
21、entral control system, video monitor andrecording device.3.1.4 laser, na solid state device that produces a mono-chromatic and coherent beam of visible light in an intense,narrow beam.3.1.5 laser light diode, na mobile, certified “eye safe”laser light source and internal optics capable of projecting
22、 anarrow beam of laser light onto an internal pipe wall in pipesfrom 6 to 72 in. (150 to 1800 mm) in diameter regardless ofmaterial, design, or shape.3.1.6 laser profile, nthe spatial intensity profile of a laserbeam at a particular plane transverse to the beam propagationpath.3.1.7 laser profiling
23、survey, na survey composed of takingmeasurements of the cross sectional shape of the pipe atvarious stations along its alignment, processing the data usingan appropriate software and producing a condition assessmentreport using laser profiling technology.3.1.8 ovality, npercentage of shape deflectio
24、n in circularand noncircular pipes as calculated per Practice F1216 orPractice F2019 as defined in Annex A1.3.1.9 profiling software, nthe software that analyzes thecollected data from a laser profiling effort into deformed crosssectional profiles along the pipe of conduit alignment.4. Significance
25、and Use4.1 Laser profiling assessment is a quality control tool foridentifying and quantifying deformation, physical damage, andother pipe anomalies after installation, providing means andmethods for determining the quality of workmanship andcompliance with project specifications. Laser profiling ca
26、pa-bilities include:4.1.1 Measurement of the structural shape, cross sectionalarea and defects;4.1.2 Collection of data needed for pipe rehabilitation orreplacement design; and4.1.3 Post rehabilitation, replacement or new constructionworkmanship verification.4.2 A laser profile pre-acceptance and co
27、ndition assessmentsurvey provides significant information in a clear and concisemanner, including but not limited to graphs and still framedigital images of pipe condition prior to acceptance, therebyproviding objective data on the installed quality and percentageovality, or degree of deformation, d
28、eflection or deviation, thatis often not possible from an inspection by either a mandrel oronly CCTV.5. Contract Responsibilities5.1 Apart from the provisions generally included in a testingand certification contract, the laser profiling survey contractshall define and assign responsibilities for th
29、e following items:5.2 Access to the survey site to be provided to the extentthat the contracting authority can provide such access.5.3 The utility owner shall ensure that all lines to be profiledare free of debris, obstructions, and cleaned within 24 h priorto the profiling inspection. Standing or f
30、lowing water or debrisshall not exceed 10 % of the nominal pipe diameter, or six (6)in. (150 mm) in depth, whichever is the lesser.6. Equipment6.1 The laser profiling equipment, including laser diode(s)and CCTV inspection system (Fig. 1) shall be configured andcalibrated by the laser profiling equip
31、ment manufacturer, as perthe same specifications of the equipment “Certificate of Accu-racy” in accordance with Section 9.6.2 Only calibration and laser distance software algorithms,as specified by the software manufacturer, shall be used as perthe same specifications of the equipment “Certificate o
32、f Accu-racy.”3Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue deVaremb, 1st Floor, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iec.ch.4Available from Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), Food andDrug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, WO66-46
33、21, Silver Spring,MD 20993, http:/www.fda.gov. FIG. 1 CCTVRotating Laser Profile Camera in PipeF3095 17a26.3 The profiling survey software shall be a version thatmeets or exceeds the contents of this practice.6.4 The processing computer shall be equal to or exceedthose specified by the software manu
34、facturer.7. Software7.1 The recorded pipeline and conduit survey video shall beloaded into a computer with CCTV pipeline and conduitinspection and profiling processing software, meeting thetechnical requirements as stated herein installed.7.2 The profile software shall analyze the laser image ofeach
35、 recorded video frame. By using a combination of camerahead position, laser position, and known calibration values thesoftware will calculate the measurement data.7.3 The ovality shall be calculated per Practice F1216 asgiven in Annex A1. If the shape of the original pipe deviatessignificantly (more
36、 than 10 % from the nominal diameter) fromthat of an equivalent circle when the flow area is matched,changes in curvature shall be considered as a better measure ofthe degree of pipe deformation.8. Procedure8.1 The pipe shall be pre-cleaned and free of debris thatwould prevent the CCTV camera and la
37、ser diode assembly,shown in Fig. 1, from moving through the pipe, or adverselyaffect the accuracy of the survey. Flow or debris, within theline, shall be less than 10 % of the nominal pipe diameter of 6in. (150 mm) in depth whichever is the lesser.8.2 ACCTV pipeline and conduit inspection system sha
38、ll beplaced into the pipeline and conduit to be surveyed. A recordedinspection header shall contain complete pipe data includinglocation, pipe type, pipe size, and date of inspection. TheCCTV distance counter shall be set to zero and displayed in thevideo without overlapping or distorting the video
39、image. TheTV only line inspection shall be recorded on a digital storagedevice in a digital video format as agreed among the contractorand the client.8.3 The laser profile consists of two types of scans: pointand line measurement.8.4 The point measurement is taken while the camera isstationary at si
40、ngle point. The camera will rotate 360 degrees tocapture measurement data.8.5 A line measurement is captured by rotating the camerahead 360 degrees continuously while the system traverses thelength of a pipe.8.6 Aprofiler shall project visible laser (light) while rotatingaround the internal pipe sur
41、face. A pipeline and conduitinspection CCTV analog or digital video camera system shallcontinuously capture the laser image as the laser profile systemis moved through the line at a longitudinal travel speed of 30ft/min (9.1 m/min). For pipelines with an interior corrugatedpipe wall, the pitch neede
42、d to capture a 360 degree view shallnot exceed the pipe wall pitch (crest to crest of the corrugatedpipe wall). The header of the printed and stored reports shallinclude the distance traveled to capture a 360 degree view ofthe pipeline. As a minimum, five full laser ring (completerotations) images s
43、hall be taken every inch or two full laserring (complete rotations) images per centimeter along thelongitudinal distance of the pipeline.Any filtering or averagingof readings and data points shall be reported and approved bythe engineer. In areas where the pipe exceeds performancelimits, a full ring
44、 (stationary scan) shall be shown when itexceeds allowable deflection limits.8.7 All CCTV video shall be recorded in a digital formatand resolution, assuring acceptable image resolution.8.8 By comparing the known calibrated measurements ofthe laser diodes, the profiling software shall be able todete
45、rmine the distance from the camera to the pipe wall.8.9 Upon completion of the point or line scan the processingsoftware will calculate the pipe size at each measured position.9. Accuracy and Precision9.1 The accuracy of a measurement system is the degree ofcloseness of measurements of a quantity to
46、 that quantitysactual (true) value. The laser light diode system, with theprofiling software, shall be tested and approved, by an inde-pendent testing agency, and shall include a “Certificate ofAccuracy” equal to or better than 0.5 % of the lower nominalcross sectional dimension.NOTE 1The precision
47、of a measurement system, also called repro-ducibility or repeatability, is the degree to which repeated measurementsunder unchanged conditions show the same results. A measurementsystem can be accurate but not precise, precise but not accurate, neither,or both. For example, if the data collection me
48、thod is affected by asystematic error, increasing the number of times the instrument is runthrough the pipe increases precision but does not improve accuracy. Theresult would be consistent yet inaccurate results from the flawed method.Eliminating the systematic error improves accuracy but does not c
49、hangeprecision.9.2 The testing of the independent testing agency shall be toa traceable standard of the National Institute of Standards andTechnology (NIST), or equivalent. A minimum of five mea-surements shall be taken and shall result in a standard deviationof 2 (94.7 %) for precision (repeatability) or better.9.3 The longitudinal position of the equipment is measuredby a device in contact with the connection cable, positioningcable, or rope. The longitudinal location shall be measured towithin an accuracy of 2 % of length between two consecutivejoints; i
