1、Designation: A551/A551M 08 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Specification forCarbon Steel Tires for Railway and Rapid TransitApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A551/A551M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers seven classes of carbon steeltires for railway and rapid transit use
3、.1.1.1 Class AFor untreated driving tires for locomotivesin passenger service.1.1.2 Class AHTFor heat-treated driving tires for locomo-tives in passenger service.1.1.3 Class BFor untreated driving tires for freight loco-motives and tires for locomotive-truck, tender-truck, trailer andcar wheels, and
4、 miscellaneous service.1.1.4 Class BHTFor heat-treated driving tires for freightlocomotives and tires for trailer wheels.1.1.5 Class CFor untreated tires for switching locomo-tives.1.1.6 Class CHTFor heat-treated driving tires and switch-ing locomotives and tires for locomotive-trucks, tender-trucks
5、,trailer and car wheels, and miscellaneous service.1.1.7 Class DHTFor heat-treated driving tires for locomo-tives with light braking conditions, heavily loaded trailer tires,and rapid transit wheels where off-tread brakes are employed.1.2 Supplementary requirements, including those in thegeneral req
6、uirements of Specification A788/A788M, are pro-vided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired.These shall apply only when specified individually by thepurchaser in the order.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within
7、the text andtables the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in nonconformancewith the standard.1.4 Unless the order specifies the ap
8、plicable “M” specifica-tion designation, the tires shall be furnished to the inch-poundunits.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Stand
9、ards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirements2.
10、2 AAR Standard:3AAR M-107/M-208 Wheels, Carbon Steel3. Ordering Information and General Requirements3.1 Material supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-lines ordering information, manufacturing requirements, test-ing and retesting metho
11、ds and procedures, marking,certification, product analysis variations, and additional supple-mentary requirements.3.1.1 If the requirements of this specification are in conflictwith those of Specification A788/A788M, then the require-ments of this specification shall prevail.3.2 In addition to the o
12、rdering requirements from Specifi-cation A788/A788M, the following details should be supplied:3.2.1 Full identification of tread and flange contour withdimensional drawings as required,3.2.2 Inside diameter to be rough machined or finished,3.2.3 Intended service, and3.2.4 Chemical composition requir
13、ements, if different fromthose given in Table 1.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.Current edition approved March 1, 2018. Published March
14、 2018. Originallyapproved in 1965 to replace Specifications A26 and A329. Last previous editionapproved in 2013 as A551/A551M 08 (2013). DOI: 10.1520/A0551_A0551M-08R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annua
15、l Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Association of American Railroads (AAR), 425 Third St., SW,Washington, DC 20024, http:/www.aar.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consho
16、hocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Orga
17、nization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14. Chemical Requirements4.1 Chemical CompositionThe steel shall conform to therequirements for chemical composition specified in Table 1,unless otherwise required by the purchaser (see 3.2.4).4.1.1 The purchaser may use the product analysis provi
18、sionsof Specification A788/A788M for tires produced to the require-ments of Table 1. By agreement with the manufacturer, theseprovisions may be used also when the provisions of 3.2.4apply.5. Manufacture5.1 DiscardSufficient discard shall be made from eachingot to assure freedom from piping and undue
19、 segregation.5.2 Post Forge CoolingAll tires, immediately after beingrolled, shall be slow cooled in a manner to accomplish propertransformation without damage.5.3 Heat Treatment:5.3.1 Classes AHT, BHT, CHT, and DHT shall be heated toand held at the proper temperature for a sufficient time to effect
20、the desired transformation and then shall be immersed in asuitable quenching medium.5.3.2 Following quenching, the tires shall be charged into afurnace for tempering to meet the hardness requirements of6.1.1, and then cooled under suitable conditions.6. Hardness Requirement6.1 Classes AHT, BHT, CHT,
21、 and DHT shall be accepted onthe basis of a Brinell hardness test on the front face of 10 % ofthe tires from each heat at a location approximately 1 in.25 mm below the tread.6.1.1 The tires shall conform to the following limits:Class AHT BHT CHT DHTBrinellhardness223 to277255 to302285 to331321 to363
22、6.1.2 Where continuous heat-treating furnaces are used,should any of the tested tires fail to meet the hardnessrequirements of 6.1.1, the manufacturer may offer for indi-vidual hardness measurements, all of the tires of that heat in thelot for inspection. Those meeting the hardness requirements of6.
23、1.1 shall be accepted.6.1.3 Where batch heat-treating furnaces are used, shouldany of the tires fail to meet the requirements of 6.1.1, themanufacturer may offer all of the tires in the heat treatment lotfor individual hardness measurement. Those meeting the hard-ness requirements of 6.1.1 shall be
24、accepted.7. Reheat Treatment7.1 The heat treatment of any tires failing to meet thespecified hardness may be repeated in accordance with 5.3.1and retested in accordance with Section 6.8. Mating8.1 The tires shall be grouped according to outside diameterand shipped in sets.8.2 The variation in outsid
25、e diameters in each set shall notexceed116 in. 1.5 mm for tires 33 in. 825 mm or under inoutside diameter, nor exceed332 in. 2.5 mm for tires over33 in. 825 mm in outside diameter.9. Permissible Variations in Dimensions9.1 Tires may be furnished with all surfaces as-rolled, andshall conform to the d
26、imensions specified. When not specified,the following tolerances are acceptable:9.1.1 Height of FlangeThe flange height shall not be less,but may be116 in. 1.5 mm more, than that specified.9.1.2 Thickness of FlangeThe flange thickness shall notvary more than116 in. 1.5 mm from that specified.9.1.3 R
27、adius of ThroatThe throat radius shall not varymore than18 in. 3 mm over, nor more than116 in. 1.5 mmunder, that specified.9.1.4 Width of TiresThe tire width may be316 in. 4.8 mmmore than that specified.9.1.5 Inside DiameterFor shrink fit tires, the rough insidediameter shall not be more, but may be
28、14 in. 6 mm less, thanthat specified. When the finished inside diameter only isspecified, the rough diameter shall be from316 to716 in. 5 to11 mm less than this diameter.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsElement wt % Classes A and AHT Classes B and BHT Classes C, CHT, and DHTCarbon 0.500.65 0.600.75 0.70
29、0.85Manganese 0.600.90 0.600.90 0.600.90Phosphorous, max 0.030 0.030 0.030Sulfur 0.0050.040 0.0050.040 0.0050.040Silicon 0.151.00 0.151.00 0.151.00Nickel, maxA0.25 0.25 0.25Chromium, maxA0.25 0.25 0.25Molybdenum, maxA0.10 0.10 0.10Vanadium, maxA0.040 0.040 0.040Copper, max 0.35 0.35 0.35Aluminum, ma
30、x 0.060 0.060 0.060Titanium, max 0.03 0.03 0.03Columbium, max (Niobium)B0.05 0.05 0.05AThe manufacturer may exceed the noted maximum limits for nickel, chromium, molybdenum, or vanadium provided that the following relationship (AAR M-107/M-208)is met:9302 f5703%Cg 2 f803%Mng 2 f203%Sig 2 f503%Crg 2
31、f303%Nig 2 f203s%Mo1%Vdg.390BColumbium (Cb) and Niobium (Nb) are alternate names for Element 41 in the Periodic Table of the Elements.A551/A551M 08 (2018)29.1.6 Outside DiameterUnless otherwise specified forshrink fit tires, the outside diameter, when 54 in. 1350 mm orunder, shall not be less, but m
32、ay be12 in. 12.5 mm more thanthat specified; and when over 54 in. 1350 mm, shall not varymore than18 in. 3 mm under, nor more than38 in. 10 mmover that specified.9.1.7 RotundityTires shall not be out-of-round more than116 in. 1.5 mm for tires 33 in. 825 mm or under in outsidediameter, nor more than3
33、32 in. 2.5 mm for tires over 33 in.825 mm in outside diameter.10. Marking10.1 In addition to the marking requirements of Specifica-tion A788/A788M, the name of the manufacturer or brand, theserial number, heat number, date of manufacture, and classshall be legibly stamped on each tire close to the i
34、nside edgewhere they will not be removed by the last turning.11. Keywords11.1 forged wheel tires; locomotive tires; rail applications;rail car tiresSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSS1. Incidental Alloying ElementsS1.1 Incidental elements for the grades specified in Table 1shall not exceed the limits shown
35、in Table S1.1.S1.2 The values determined for the elements listed in TableS1.1 shall be reported with the heat analysis.S2. Classes AHT, BHT, CHT, and DHTS2.1 In addition to hardness testing, one tension test shall bemade from one tire per heat, per heat treatment charge.S2.2 The tension test, done i
36、n accordance with Test Methodsand Definitions A370, shall conform to the requirements ofTable S2.1.S2.3 The tension test specimen shall be taken from theposition indicated in Fig. S2.1.TABLE S1.1 Incidental Alloying ElementsElement Composition, max, %Chromium 0.15Nickel 0.25Molybdenum 0.06TABLE S2.1
37、 Tension TestsClassTensile Strength, minElongation in2 in. or 50mm, min, %Reduction ofArea, min, %ksi MPaAHT 110 760 16.0 32.0BHT 125 860 14.0 28.0CHT 140 965 12.0 24.0DHT 155 1070 10.0 20.0FIG. S2.1 Location in Tire of Tension Test SpecimenA551/A551M 08 (2018)3ASTM International takes no position r
38、especting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.Thi
39、s standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Inte
40、rnational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown
41、below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 08 (2018)4
