1、Designation: B428 09 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forAngle of Twist in Rectangular and Square Copper andCopper Alloy Tube1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B428; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test meth
3、od establishes the requirements for thedetermination of the angle of twist in rectangular and squarecopper and copper alloy tube.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to a
4、ddress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was de
5、veloped in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced D
6、ocuments2.1 ASTM Standards:2B846 Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms related to copper and copperalloys, refer to Terminology B846.4. Significance and Use4.1 The rectangular or square copper alloy tube covered bythis test method may be used in applicati
7、ons in which controlof twist is important to proper fit in final assembly and tominimize rework to bring the tube into compliance. It isrecognized that the amount of twist, in degrees per incrementof length, can change as a result of the weight of the productand its length during measurement.4.2 Thi
8、s test method provides a procedure for measuring thetwist in square and rectangular copper and copper alloy tubesas a measure of the deviation from straightness.4.3 This test method allows the purchaser and supplier ormanufacturer to inspect square and rectangular copper andcopper alloy tube with a
9、standard technique that providesacceptable twist in delivered tubes.5. Apparatus5.1 Horizontal Reference Plane (see Fig. 1 (a) and (b) ofsufficient length to support the tube specimen and a clampingdevice to hold one end of the specimen against the referenceplane.5.2 Transparent Plastic Protractor S
10、egment engraved withangle lines as shown in Fig. 1 (c).5.3 Parallel Face Blocks.6. Test Specimen6.1 The test specimen shall be cut to a minimum length of10 in. and a maximum length of 15 in.7. Procedure7.1 Place the tube specimen lengthwise on the referenceplane. Whenever the specimen has noticeable
11、 edgewisecurvature, place the specimen so that a side having convexcurvature is in contact with the reference plane. Furtherplacement requirements are as follows:7.1.1 For rectangular tube, place a major outer dimensionside (width side) against the reference plane, as shown in Fig.1 (a).7.1.2 For sq
12、uare tube, having curvature along all edges,place the specimen so that the side with the least convexcurvature is against the reference plane.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copperand Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.06 onMethods
13、 of Test.Current edition approved March 1, 2018. Published March 2018. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as B428 09 (2013).DOI: 10.1520/B0428-09R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.or
14、g. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with intern
15、ationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.17.2 Clamp one end of the specimen so that the tub
16、e surface,adjacent to that end and facing the reference plane, will be infirm contact with this plane. Keep the other end of thespecimen free.7.3 Position the protractor segment flush against the freeend of the specimen, as shown in Fig. 1 (b), and measure thetotal angle of twist by reading the degr
17、ees for that angle linewhich most nearly coincide with the lower outside edge of thetube end. In making this reading, keep the lower edge of theprotractor segment in contact with the reference plane or holdit parallel to this plane by use of the parallel face blocks.7.4 The angle of twist per unit l
18、ength is the total angle oftwist for the specimen divided by its length and shall becalculated according to the units required by the productspecification.8. Precision and Bias8.1 This test method is unaffected by edgewise curvature ofthe specimen, and the precision for measurement of total angleof
19、twist is 60.5.8.2 This test method has no bias because the values of twistare a direct measurement based on the accuracy of theprotractor and the observation of the operator.9. Keywords9.1 angle of twist; copper; copper alloy; rectangular tube;square tube; twistFIG. 1 Horizontal Reference Plane (a),
20、 (b) and Transparent Plastic Protractor Segment (c)B428 09 (2018)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any s
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23、a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of thi
24、s standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 09 (2018)3
