1、Designation: C1623 17aStandard Specification forManufactured Concrete Masonry Lintels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1623; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers concrete masonry lintels(beams) that are solid in cross-section, are reinforced forflexure, and are made from hydraul
3、ic cement, water, andmineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of othermaterials. These lintels are suitable for both loadbearing andnonloadbearing applications.NOTE 1This specification covers only concrete masonry lintelscontaining reinforcement. Due to building code imposed limitations on t
4、hedesign of masonry lintels, all lintels must contain reinforcement. Concretemasonry lintels are not typically manufactured using shear reinforcement(stirrups or other vertical reinforcement). Therefore, this standard does notaddress issues related to such. For further guidance, refer to Building Co
5、deRequirements for Masonry Structures, TMS 402. Prestressed concretelintels are not covered by this standard.1.2 Lintels are manufactured using a no-slump concrete mixto provide a surface texture similar to that of concrete masonry.This specification applies to both machine-made and hand-tamped conc
6、rete masonry lintels intended for use in concretemasonry applications.1.3 Concrete masonry lintels covered by this specificationare made from lightweight or normal weight aggregates, orboth.1.4 This specification does not address the design or analy-sis of lintel capacity. Structural evaluations mus
7、t be performedseparately. The strength of a lintel is a function of factorsincluding, but not limited to, the characteristics of the materialsused in manufacturing (concrete materials and reinforcement),the amount and location of reinforcement, and the manufac-turing and curing procedures. For desig
8、n and analysis methods,refer to Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures,TMS 402.1.5 This specification does not cover U-shaped lintels orthose of other cross-sections that are not 100 % solid.1.6 This specification does not cover lintels of groutedconcrete masonry lintels, or precast or ca
9、st-in-place lintels ofslump concrete.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotesthat provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to
10、 be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization establish
11、ed in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars f
12、or Concrete ReinforcementA706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA996/A996M Specification for Rail-Steel and Axle-SteelDeformed Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Co
13、ncreteMasonry Units and Related UnitsC150 Specification for Portland CementC331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for ConcreteMasonry UnitsC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC979 Specificat
14、ion for Pigments for Integrally Colored Con-creteC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete andMortarsC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1232 Terminology for Masonry1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is t
15、he direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2017. Published August 2017. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C1623 17. DOI:10.1520/C1623-17A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the AST
16、M website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha
17、rbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommenda
18、tions issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1C1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Dura-bility of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units andRelated Concrete Units2.2 Other Standar
19、ds:3TMS 402 Building Code Requirements for Masonry Struc-turesTMS 602 Specification for Masonry Structures3. Terminology3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C1232 shall applyfor this specification.4. Material4.1 Cementitious MaterialsMaterials shall conform to thefollowing applicable specification
20、s:4.1.1 Portland CementSpecification C150.4.1.2 Modified Portland CementPortland cement con-forming to Specification C150, modified as follows:(1) LimestoneIf calcium carbonate is added to thecement, the CaCO3content shall be not less than 85 %.(2) Limitation on Insoluble Residue1.5 %.(3) Limitation
21、 on Air Content of MortarVolume percent,22 % max.(4) Limitation on Loss on Ignition7 %.4.1.3 Blended Hydraulic CementsSpecification C5954.1.4 Hydraulic CementSpecification C1157.4.1.5 PozzolansSpecification C618.4.1.6 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace SlagSpecification C989.4.1.7 Silica FumeSpecificat
22、ion C1240.4.2 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the followingspecifications, except that grading requirements shall notnecessarily apply:4.2.1 Normal Weight AggregatesSpecification C33.4.2.2 Lightweight AggregatesSpecification C331.4.3 Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteSpecification C979.4
23、.4 Steel ReinforcementSteel reinforcement shall consistof deformed bars conforming to Specifications A615/A615M,A706/A706M,orA996/A996M.4.5 Other ConstituentsAir-entraining agents, integral wa-ter repellents, and other constituents shall be previously estab-lished as suitable for use in concrete mas
24、onry lintels and shallconform to applicable ASTM standards or shall be shown bytest or experience not to be detrimental to the durability of theconcrete masonry lintels or any material customarily used inmasonry construction.5. Physical Requirements5.1 At the time of delivery to the purchaser, the c
25、oncretewithin the lintel shall conform to the requirements prescribedin Table 1.5.1.1 When higher compressive strengths than those listedin Table 1 are specified, the tested average net area compres-sive strength of three specimens shall equal or exceed thespecified compressive strength, and the tes
26、ted individual speci-men net area compressive strength of all three units shallexceed 90 % of the specified compressive strength.NOTE 2When particular features are desired such as surface texturesfor appearance or bond, finish, color, or particular properties such asspecific reinforcing schedules, f
27、lexural strength, weight per unit length,higher compressive strength, or fire resistance, these features are specifiedseparately by the purchaser. Consult suppliers as to the availability oflintels having the desired features.5.2 All lintels shall be sound and free of cracks or otherdefects that int
28、erfere with proper placement unless defects areconsidered to be not detrimental to structural capacity of thelintel before or after defects are repaired using practicessatisfactory to the engineer.NOTE 3The purchaser is the public body or authority, association,corporation, partnership, or individua
29、l entering into a contract or agree-ment to purchase or install, or both, concrete masonry lintels. The time ofdelivery to the purchaser is FOB plant when the purchaser or thepurchasers agent transports the concrete masonry lintels, or at the timeunloaded at the worksite if the manufacturer or the m
30、anufacturers agenttransports the concrete masonry lintels.NOTE 4When these lintels are used in above-grade applications aspart of a vertical, free-draining assemblage, the physical requirements inthis specification have been shown to result in durable products. Inapplications where the lintels are f
31、requently exposed to deicing chemicalsor saturated conditions in conjunction with freezing and thawingtemperatures, testing should be considered to evaluate freezing andthawing resistance using ASTM C1262.6. Permissible Variations in Dimensions6.1 Overall dimensions for width, and height shall diffe
32、r bynot more than 618 in. (3.2 mm) from the specified standarddimensions. Overall dimension for length shall differ by notmore than 0.5 % from the specified length.3Available from The Masonry Society, 105 South Sunset Street, Suite Q,Longmont, CO 805016172, https:/www.masonrysociety.org.TABLE 1 Stre
33、ngth, Absorption, and Density Classification RequirementsADensity Classification Oven-Dry Densityof Concrete, lb/ft3(kg/m3)Maximum WaterAbsorption, lb/ft3(kg/m3)Minimum Net AreaCompressive Strength,psi (MPa)Average of3 SpecimensBAverage of3 SpecimensBIndividualSpecimenBAverage of3 SpecimensBIndividu
34、alSpecimenBLightweight Less than105 (1680) 18 (288) 20 (320) 2500 (17.2) 2250 (15.5)Medium Weight 105 to less than 125 (16802000) 15 (240) 17 (272) 2500 (17.2) 2250 (15.5)Normal Weight 125 (2000) or more 13 (208) 15 (240) 2500 (17.2) 2250 (15.5)AConsult manufacturers for available densities.BRefer t
35、o section 9.2.1 for specimen requirements.C1623 17a26.2 Warpage6.2.1 The longitudinal straightness of each of the four facesshall not deviate from a straight line more than14 in. (6 mm)over 10 ft (3.05 m). Measure deviations with lintel resting onflat, horizontal surface.6.2.2 The cross-section of t
36、he lintel shall not deviate fromsquare more than18 in. (3 mm) over 8 in. (203 mm) in height.7. Requirements for Reinforcement7.1 Reinforcement and its placement shall comply withBuilding Code Requirements for Masonry Structures,TMS 402 and Specification for Masonry Structures, TMS 602with the follow
37、ing exceptions. See Appendix X1 for furtherguidance.7.1.1 Actual vertical depth of longitudinal reinforcementshall be within 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) of the specified depth.7.1.2 End of reinforcing bars shall be terminated not morethan 3 in. (76 mm) from the end of the lintel.NOTE 5Lintels are sometimes ma
38、nufactured with reinforcing barsextending past the end of the lintel. Consult applicable codes to determineif such bars need to be embedded in grout or otherwise connected to thestructure or protected.7.2 Manufacturer shall maintain records of mill certifica-tions for reinforcement and shall make su
39、ch records availableon request by the purchaser.8. Finish and Appearance8.1 Where lintels are to be used in exposed wallconstruction, the face or faces that are to be exposed shall notshow chips or cracks, not otherwise permitted, or otherimperfections when viewed from a distance of not less than 20
40、ft (6.1 m) under diffused lighting.8.2 The purchaser shall specify the color and texture oflintels. The finished surfaces that will be exposed in place shallconform to an approved sample consisting of not less than fourlintels, representing the range of texture and color permitted onthe project.9. S
41、ampling and Testing9.1 The purchaser or authorized representative shall beaccorded proper facilities to inspect and sample the lintels atthe place of manufacture from the lots ready for delivery.9.2 Sample and test lintels for compression and absorptionin accordance with Test Methods C140 with the f
42、ollowingdeviations.9.2.1 Compression tests shall be performed on threespecimens, each measuring nominally 4 in. (100 mm) in width,8 in. (200 mm) in length and 8 in. (200 mm) in height. Theaspect ratio of each test specimen (measured height divided bymeasured width) shall by 2.0 6 0.1. The height of
43、the specimenshall be in the same orientation as the height of the lintel. Onespecimen shall be saw-cut from each of three lintels with orwithout horizontal reinforcing bars within the specimen.NOTE 6Because concrete masonry lintels contain reinforcing steel itis often impractical to obtain compressi
44、on specimens that do not containreinforcement. Saw-cuts that are made perpendicular to the length of thereinforcement do not typically damage the integrity of the compressionspecimen being removed if the blade is sharp and in good working order.Horizontal reinforcing bars that are oriented perpendic
45、ular to the directionof compression loading do not significantly affect the tested strength of thespecimen.9.2.2 Absorption tests shall be performed on threespecimens, each having greater than 200 in3(3280 cm3)involume. One specimen shall be saw-cut from each of threelintels. The specimen shall be c
46、ut such that it does not containreinforcing bars.NOTE 7A specimen measuring nominally 4 in. (100 mm) in width, 8in. (200 mm) in length and 8 in. (200 mm) in height is typically easy toobtain and meets the volume requirements for absorption specimens.9.2.3 When saw-cutting of compression and absorpti
47、onspecimens exposes reinforcement, document and report thefollowing:9.2.3.1 Number of bars and a sketch or description of theirlocation.9.2.3.2 Size (diameter) of each bar.9.2.3.3 Vertical location of each bar, measured from top oflintel to center of bar, in. (mm).9.2.3.4 Horizontal location of each
48、 bar, measured from eachface of the lintel to the center of bar, in. (mm).10. Compliance10.1 If a sample fails to conform to the specifiedrequirements, the manufacturer shall be permitted to removelintels from the shipment. A new sample shall be selected bythe purchaser from remaining lintels from t
49、he shipment with asimilar configuration and dimension and tested at the expenseof the manufacturer. If the second sample meets the specifiedrequirements, the remaining portion of the shipment repre-sented by the sample meets the specified requirements. If thesecond sample fails to meet the specified requirements, theremaining portion of the shipment represented by the samplefails to meet the specified requirements.NOTE 8Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order or projectcontract documents, the cost of tests is typically borne as fo
