1、Designation: D1633 17Standard Test Methods forCompressive Strength of Molded Soil-Cement Cylinders1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1633; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-pressive strength of soil-cement using molded cylinders as testspecimens.1.2
3、Two alternative procedures are provided as follows:1.2.1 Method AThis procedure uses a test specimen pre-pared in a mold complying with Test Methods D698 (4.0 in.(101.6 mm) in diameter and 4.6 in. (116.8 mm) in height),sometimes referred to as a proctor mold, resulting in a heightover diameter ratio
4、 of 1.15. This test method may be used onlyon materials with 30 % or less retained on the 19.0-mm (34-in.)sieve. See Note 2.1.2.2 Method BThis procedure uses a test specimen witha height over diameter ratio of 2.0 prepared in a cylindricalmold in accordance with Practice D1632 (2.8 in. (71.1 mm) ind
5、iameter and 9.0 in. (229 mm) in height). This test method isapplicable to those materials that pass the 4.75-mm (No. 4)sieve.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard, except as noted in below. The valuesgiven in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units
6、,and are provided for information only and are not consideredstandard. Sieve sizes are identified by the standard designationsin Specification E11. The alternative sieve size designationgiven in parentheses is for information only and does notrepresent a different standard sieve size.1.3.1 The gravi
7、tational system of inch-pound units is usedwhen dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound(lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for massis slugs.1.3.2 The slug unit of mass is almost never used incommercial practice, that is, density, balances, etc. Therefore,the st
8、andard unit for mass in this standard is either kilogram(kg) or gram (g), or both. Also, the equivalent inch-pound unit(slug) is not given/presented in parentheses.1.3.3 It is common practice in the engineering/constructionprofession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unitof mass (lbm) a
9、nd of force (lbf). This implicitly combines twoseparate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and thegravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combinethe use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a singlestandard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational
10、system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slugunit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales, recordingpounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3shall notbe regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguideli
11、nes for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026 unless superseded by this test method.1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as theindustry standard. In addition, they are representative of thesignificant
12、digits that generally should be retained. The proce-dures used do not consider material variation, purpose forobtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-ations for the users objectives; and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensu
13、rate with these considerations. It is beyond the scopeof these test methods to consider significant digits used inanalysis methods for engineering data.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of thi
14、s standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Deci
15、sion on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcomm
16、ittee D18.15 on Stabilization WithAdmixtures.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originallyapproved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1633 00(2007),which was withdrawn in July 2016 and reinstated in November 2017. DOI:10.1520/D1633-17.*A Summary of Chang
17、es section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Deci
18、sion on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing DrilledCores and Sawed Beams of C
19、oncreteD559 Test Methods for Wetting and Drying CompactedSoil-Cement MixturesD560 Test Methods for Freezing and Thawing CompactedSoil-Cement MixturesD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort
20、(12,400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D1632 Practice for Making and Curing Soil-Cement Com-pression and Flexure Test Specimens in the LaboratoryD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by MassD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Te
21、sting and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataE4 Practice
22、s for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in thisstandard, refer to Terminology D653.4. Significance and Use4.1 MethodAmakes use of the same compaction equi
23、pmentand molds commonly available in soil laboratories and used forother soil-cement tests. It is considered that Method A gives arelative measure of strength rather than a rigorous determina-tion of compressive strength. Because of the lesser height todiameter ratio (1.15) of the cylinders, the com
24、pressive strengthdetermined by Method A will normally be greater than that forMethod B.4.2 Method B, because of the greater height to diameterratio (2.00), gives a better measure of compressive strengthfrom a technical viewpoint since it reduces complex stressconditions that may occur during the she
25、aring of Method Aspecimens.4.3 In practice, Method A has been more commonly usedthan Method B. As a result, it has been customary to evaluateor specify compressive strength values as determined byMethod A. A factor for converting compressive strength valuesbased on height to diameter ratio is given
26、in Section 8.3NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective te
27、sting/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.5. Apparatus5.1 Compression Testing MachineThi
28、s machine may be ofany type having sufficient capacity and control to provide therate of loading prescribed in 7.2. The testing machine shall beequipped with two steel bearing blocks with hardened faces,one of which is a spherically seated head block that normallywill bear on the upper surface of th
29、e specimen, and the other aplain rigid block on which the specimen will rest. The bearingblock surfaces intended for contact with the specimen shallhave a Rockwell hardness of not less than HRC 60. Thebearing faces shall be at least as large, and preferably slightlylarger, than the surface of the sp
30、ecimen to which the load isapplied. The bearing faces, when new, shall not depart from aplane by more than 0.0005 in. (0.013 mm) at any point, andthey shall be maintained within a permissible variation limit of0.001 in. (0.02 mm). In the spherically seated block, thediameter of the sphere shall not
31、greatly exceed the diameter ofthe specimen and the center of the sphere shall coincide withthe center of the bearing face. The movable portion of thisblock shall be held closely in the spherical seat, but the designshall be such that the bearing face can be rotated freely andtilted through small ang
32、les in any direction. The compressionshall be verified in accordance with Practice E4 at leastannually to determine if indicated loads are accurate to 61.0 %in the applicable range of loading.5.2 Molds and Compaction Equipment, in accordance withTest Methods D559 or D560 for Method A; Practice D1632
33、 forMethod B.5.3 BalancesA Class GP5 balance meeting the require-ments of Guide D4753 for a balance of 1-g readability and aClass GP2 balance meeting the requirments of Guide D4753for a balance of 0.1-g readability.5.4 Measuring DeviceA Measuring device suitable formeasuring the heights and diameter
34、s of test specimens to thenearest 0.01 in. (0.25 mm).6. Test Specimens6.1 Prepare the test specimens as follows:6.1.1 Method ASpecimens are prepared in accordancewith Test Methods D559 or D560 using molds 4.0 in. (101.6mm) in diameter and 4.584 in. (116.4 mm) in height.6.1.2 Method BSpecimens are pr
35、epared in accordancewith Practice D1632 using molds 2.8 in. (71.1 mm) in diameterand 9.0 in. (299 mm) in height.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
36、standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3For additional discussion on the significance and use of compressive strengthresults, see the Soil-Cement Laboratory Handbook, Chapter 4, Portland CementAssociation, Skokie, IL, 1971, pp 31 and 32.D1633 172NOTE 2These methods may be used for testin
37、g specimens of othersizes. If the soil sample includes material retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4)sieve, it is recommended that Method A be used, or that larger testspecimens, 4.0 in. (101.6 mm) in diameter and 8.0 in. (203.2 mm) inheight, be molded in a manner similar to Method B.6.2 Moist cure the sp
38、ecimens in accordance with PracticeD1632.6.3 At the end of the moist-cure period, immerse thespecimens in water for 4 h.6.4 Remove the specimens from the water and complete thefollowing procedures as soon as practicable, keeping speci-mens moist by a wet burlap or blanket covering.NOTE 3Other condit
39、ioning procedures, such as air or oven drying,alternate wetting and drying, or alternate freezing and thawing may bespecified after an initial moist curing period. Curing and conditioningprocedures shall be given in detail in the report.6.5 Take a minimum of three height measurements (ap-proximately
40、 120 apart), and at least two diameter measure-ments (approximately 90 apart). Calculate the average heightand diameter.6.6 Record the mass of the test specimen.6.7 Check the smoothness of the faces with a straightedge.If necessary, cap the faces to meet the requirements of thesection on Capping Spe
41、cimens of Practice D1632.7. Procedure7.1 Place the lower bearing block on the table or platen ofthe testing machine directly under the spherically seated(upper) bearing block. Place the specimen on the lower bearingblock, making certain that the vertical axis of the specimen isaligned with the cente
42、r of thrust of the spherically seated block.As this block is brought to bear on the specimen, rotate itsmovable portion gently by hand so that uniform seating isobtained.7.2 Apply a constant rate of deformation without shock toproduce an approximate rate of strain of 0.05 in./min (1.3mm/min). Altern
43、atively, the load may be applied at a constantrate that results in a rate of stress of 10 to 30 psi/s (70 to 210kPa/s). Apply the load until it decreases steadily, indicatingfailure. Record the maximum load carried by the specimenduring the test to the nearest 10 lbf (45 N).7.3 Determine the water c
44、ontent of the test specimen inaccordance with Test Method D2216 using the entire specimen,unless capped. If the specimen is capped, break away as muchmaterial as practical from the capping, for the water contentspecimen.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the unit compressive strength of the specimenby divi
45、ding the recorded maximum load by the cross-sectionalarea.NOTE 4If desired, make allowance for the ratio of height to diameter(h/d) by multiplying the compressive strength of Method B specimens bythe factor 1.10. This converts the strength for an h/d ratio of 2.00 to thatfor the h/d ratio of 1.15 co
46、mmonly used in routine testing of soil-cement(see Section 4). This conversion is based on that given in MethodC42/C42M, which has been found applicable for soil-cement.8.2 Calculate the unit weight of the test specimen(s) usingthe dimensions and mass recorded in Section 6.9. Report: Test Data Sheet(
47、s)/Form(s)9.1 The methodology used to specify how data are recordedon the test data sheet(s)/form(s) is covered in 1.4.9.2 Record as a minimum the following general information(data):9.2.1 Date specimen(s) was prepared;9.2.2 Testing date, operator name, location, and uniqueconditions.9.3 Record as a
48、 minimum the following test specimen data:9.3.1 Specimen identification number,9.3.2 Diameter and height,9.3.3 Cross-sectional areas,9.3.4 Maximum load carried by the specimen,9.3.5 Conversion factor for height to diameter ratio (seeNote 3), if used,9.3.6 Compressive strength,9.3.7 Age of specimen,9
49、.3.8 Mass of specimen,9.3.9 Unit weight of specimen,9.3.10 Water content of test specimen, and9.3.11 Details of curing and conditioning periods.10. Precision and Bias10.1 The precision and bias of this test method have notbeen established by an interlaboratory test program. However,based on test data from Packard (1962)4and Packard andChapman (1963)5the following may serve as a guide as to thevariability of compressive strength test results.10.1.1 Tests were performed in a single lab on 122 sets ofduplicate specimens molded from 21 different soil materials
