1、Designation: D5079 08Standard Practices forPreserving and Transporting Rock Core Samples1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5079; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These practices cover the preservation, transportation,storage, cataloging, retrieval, and post-test disposition of rockcore samples obtaine
3、d for testing purposes and geologic study.1.2 These practices apply to both hard and soft rock, butexclude ice and permafrost.1.3 These practices do not apply to those situations in whichchanges in volatile gas components, contamination of the porefluids, or mechanical stress relaxation affect the i
4、ntended usefor the core.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This practice offers a set of instruction for performingo
5、ne or more specific operations. This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunctionwith professional judgement. Not all aspects of this practicemay be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard isnot intended to represent or replace the standard of care byw
6、hich the adequacy of a given professional service must bejudged, nor should this document be applied without consid-eration of a projects many unique aspects. The word “Stan-dard” in the title of this document means only that thedocument has been approved through the ASTM consensusprocess.1.6 This s
7、tandard does not purport to address the safetyproblems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2
8、D420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering Designand Construction Purposes (Withdrawn 2011)3D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling ofRock for Site InvestigationD4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting SoilSamples
9、2.2 API Standard:API RP-40 Recommended Practice for Core Analysis Pro-cedure43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsSee Terminology D653 for general defini-tions.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 critical caresamples which are fragile or fluid ortemperature sensitive. This protection le
10、vel includes the re-quirements prescribed for routine and special care.3.2.2 routine carenon-sensitive, non-fragile samples forwhich only general visual identification is necessary, andsamples which will not change or deteriorate before laboratorytesting.3.2.3 soil-like carematerials which are so po
11、orly consoli-dated that soil sampling procedures must be employed toobtain intact pieces of core.3.2.4 special carefluid sensitive samples and those whichmust later be subjected to testing. Requirements for this levelof protection include those prescribed for routine care.1These practices are under
12、the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.12 on Rock Mechanics.Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approvedin 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5079 02 (2006). DOI:10.1520/D5079-08.2Fo
13、r referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is refere
14、nced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,Washington, DC 20005-4070, http:/www.api.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Un
15、ited StatesNOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information14. Significance and Use4.1 The geologic characteristics and the intended use of therock core samples determine the extent and ty
16、pe of preserva-tion required. If engineering properties are to be determined forthe core, it must be handled and preserved in such a way thatthe measured properties are not significantly influenced bymechanical damage, changes in chemistry, and environmentalconditions of moisture and temperature, fr
17、om the time that thecore is recovered from the core drill until testing is performed.Drill core is also the sample record for the subsurface geologyat the borehole location, and as such must be preserved forsome period of time, in some cases indefinitely, for futuregeologic study.4.2 These practices
18、 present a selection of curatorial require-ments which apply to the majority of projects. The require-ments are given for a variety of rock types and project typesranging from small to large and from noncritical to critical.Noncritical projects are those in which failure of an element orthe structur
19、e would result in negligible risk of injury andproperty loss, while there is great risk to property and life afterfailure of critical structures and projects. Guidance is given forthe selection of those specific requirements which should befollowed for a given project.5. Guide for Implementation5.1
20、A qualified person shall be assigned to have curatorialmanagement responsibility for a given project. This personshall be technically competent in the management of rock coresamples and shall have a knowledge of the various end uses forthe cores and their associated preservation requirements. Thisre
21、sponsible person shall have the authority to implement therequirements selected from these practices. In some cases, heor she may also have to decide between competing uses for thesame core.5.2 The responsible person shall select from Sections 611those requirements and procedures that should be appl
22、ied forthe core from a particular project. The curatorial manager shallthen see that these procedures are implemented, and also seethat the records specified in Section 12 are kept.5.3 The following factors should be considered when select-ing the curatorial requirements from Sections 611:5.3.1 Proj
23、ect requirements for use of the core range fromsimple ones, in which the only need is to identify and locate thevarious lithologic units, to complex and critical ones in whichdetailed property testing of the core is required for engineeringdesign. Priorities for multiple uses or different types of t
24、estsmust sometimes be established when available core lengths arelimited and when one use or test precludes another. Forexample, splitting a core for detailed geologic study preventslater strength testing, which requires an intact core.5.3.2 Mechanical property tests for structural design pur-poses
25、should be performed on a core in its natural moisturestate, particularly if the rocks are argillaceous. Irreversiblechanges occur when such rocks are allowed to dry out, oftenresulting in invalid design data. The initial moisture content ofsuch a core should therefore be preserved.5.3.3 Freezing of
26、pore water in the core may reduce thestrength of the rock. The high temperature associated withunventilated storage sheds in summer, and temperatures alter-nating between hot and cold, may cause moisture migrationfrom the core and weakening of the rock due to differentialthermal expansion and contra
27、ction between grains. Such tem-perature extremes should therefore be avoided, particularly forweak sedimentary rock types.5.3.4 A weak rock core may be broken or further weakenedby careless handling, such as dropping a core box, or bymechanical vibration and shock during transportation. Break-ing of
28、 the core reduces sample lengths available for testing.Weakening caused by such mechanical stressing may lowermeasured strength parameters and may affect other properties.5.3.5 The required preservation time may vary from as shortas three months to several years, and sometimes core may needto be sto
29、red indefinitely. A core taken simply to identify thebedrock lithology beneath a small structure may be needed fora few months only. For large and critical structures, it may benecessary to retain the core for many years as re-examinationand testing may be required at some later time for additionalg
30、eologic study or re-evaluation of property data. Some stateshave regulations governing the disposition and storage of coreobtained within the state.5.4 Fig. 1 is a flow chart that shows the various corehandling, use, and storage activities and the correspondingsection numbers in these practices. Not
31、e that four care orNOTE 1Numbers refer to corresponding sections of this practice.FIG. 1 Flow Chart for Core Handling, Use, and Storage ActivitiesD5079 082protection levels are defined in Section 3 to account for thegreat variety of rock sensitivities and core uses encountered inpractice.5.5 The per
32、son assigned curatorial management responsibil-ity should study the flow chart in Fig. 1 as it relates to thedesignated Sections 611in these practices. Note inparticular, that a selection of the required protection must bemade in 7.5, where four levels of protection are specified,namely routine care
33、, special care, critical care, and soil-likecare.5.6 Special attention is also directed to records requirementsin Section 12, that document the history of the core handling,preservation, and storage.6. Apparatus6.1 Camera, for taking photographs of cores for logging.6.2 Controlled Humidity Room.6.3
34、Core BoxesSee 7.6.1.6.4 Vinylidene Chloride Plastic Film, Aluminum Foil, Plas-tic Microcrystalline Wax, for sealing in moisture content ofcores.6.5 Polyethylene Layflat Plastic Tubing.6.6 Poly(vinyl chloride) Tubing .6.7 Sawdust, Rubber, Polystyrene , or material of similarresiliency to cushion the
35、core.6.8 Miscellaneous Equipment, such as adhesive tape andwaterproof felt-tip markers.7. Requirements and Procedures at the Drilling Site7.1 Sample Recovery:7.1.1 Accomplish sample recovery in accordance with Prac-tice D2113 or API RP-40.7.1.2 Whichever approved drilling method is used, removethe s
36、amples from the core barrel with a minimum of distur-bance.7.2 Handling:7.2.1 Each borehole shall be given full-time attention by aqualified inspector constantly available for observing,directing, photographing, and field logging. The inspector shallnot perform simultaneously the same duties for mor
37、e than oneboring unless the borings are close enough to each other so thatthe entire inspection process can be done for each boring.7.2.2 For relatively solid pieces of core that will not beadversely affected, the inspector shall use a marker, such as afelt-tip, to orient each piece so that later us
38、ers will always beable to distinguish top from bottom. Acceptable formats are acontinuous line with arrows or parallel solid and dashed lineswith the dashed line always on the same side of the solid line.The direction convention shall be recorded in the log book.Locations of known depths should be m
39、arked directly on thecore when the orientation marks are drawn.7.3 Core Photography:7.3.1 Perform core photography on all core samples with acamera of 35 mm (minimum) format using color film to recordpermanently the unaltered appearance of the rock. The filmselected should be color balanced for the
40、available lighting(daylight, flash, incandescent, or florescent), or an appropriatefilter should be placed on the camera to compensate for thedifference. The core should be cleaned prior to any photogra-phy.7.3.2 A commercially available color strip chart should beincluded in the photo frame to serv
41、e as a reference to check theaccuracy of the photographic reproduction of the rock corecolors.7.3.3 For rock placed in core boxes, take one photo of eachbox once it is filled to capacity. Include the inside of the box lidwith appropriate identification data and a clearly visible lengthscale laid alo
42、ng one edge of the box so that it also shows in thephoto.7.3.4 Where very long, intact cores are being preserved insingle plastic tubes, make detail-revealing close-ups of eachcore interval in addition to a single photo showing the completecore.7.3.5 Take photographs before the core is obscured bypr
43、otective sealants and wraps, and before any deteriorationbegins in particularly fragile or sensitive rock types.7.3.6 For a boxed core that is not particularly sensitive andfor which maintenance of in situ moisture content is notimportant, two photos should be made: one with the core in asurface dry
44、 condition and one with the core in a wet conditionto bring out optical properties that would not otherwise beapparent.7.3.7 This procedure may require photography both in thefield and then later in the storage facility, but it must becompleted before any test core removal and before damagefrom mish
45、andling has a chance to occur.7.3.8 Where it is impossible for a photo to show identifica-tion data marked directly on the sample or its container, thenmount appropriately marked placards so as to be included inthe frame.7.3.9 Organize the photographs and mount in a folder foreasy access and preserv
46、ation.7.4 Initial Logging:7.4.1 The boring inspector must complete at least a prelimi-nary field log of the core before it is packed away to betransported. Suggested procedures for logging are given in theliterature.5-8The preliminary log must include all identificationdata for the borehole and pers
47、onnel and equipment involved,notations of coring run depths, recovery percentages, lithologiccontact depths, types and locations of protection applied tosamples, and any facts that would otherwise be unknown towhomever may complete a more detailed log at a later time. It5Association of Engineering G
48、eologist , Core Logging Committee, South AfricaSection, “A Guide to Core Logging for Rock Engineering,” Bulletin of theAssociation of Engineering Geologist, Vol 15, No. 3, 1978, pp. 295328.6Deere, D. U., Dunn, J. R., Fickies, R. H., and Proctor, R. J., “Geologic Loggingand Sampling of Rock Core for
49、Engineering Purposes (Tentative),” Association ofProfessional Geological Scientists, 1977.7The Geological Society, Engineering Group Working Party, “The Logging ofRock Core for Engineering Purposes,” Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology,Vol 3, 1970, pp. 124.8International Society for Rock Mechanics , “Basic Geotechnical Description ofRock Masses,” International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences andGeomechanics Abstracts, Vol 18, 1980, pp. 85110.D5079 083is desirable that detailed logs be completed by the sameinspector who does the fiel
