1、Designation: D6264/D6264M 17Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-ReinforcedPolymer-Matrix Composite to a Concentrated Quasi-StaticIndentation Force1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6264/D6264M; the number immediately following the designation indicat
2、es theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method determines the damage resist
3、ance ofmultidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated platessubjected to a concentrated indentation force (Fig. 1). Proce-dures are specified for determining the damage resistance for atest specimen supported over a circular opening and for arigidly-backed test specimen. The composite material
4、formsare limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrixcomposites, with the range of acceptable test laminates andthicknesses defined in 8.2. This test method may prove usefulfor other types and classes of composite materials.1.1.1 Instructions for modifying these procedures to deter-mine dam
5、age resistance properties of sandwich constructionsare provided in Practice D7766/D7766M.1.2 A flat, square composite plate is subjected to an out-of-plane, concentrated force by slowly pressing a hemisphericalindenter into the surface. The damage resistance is quantifiedin terms of a critical conta
6、ct force to cause a specific size andtype of damage in the specimen.1.3 The test method may be used to screen materials fordamage resistance, or to inflict damage into a specimen forsubsequent damage tolerance testing. The indented plate can besubsequently tested in accordance with Test Method D7137
7、/D7137M to measure residual strength properties. Drop-weightimpact per Test Method D7136/D7136M may be used as analternate method of creating damage from an out-of-planeforce and measuring damage resistance properties.1.4 The damage resistance properties generated by this testmethod are highly depen
8、dent upon several factors, whichinclude specimen geometry, layup, indenter geometry, force,and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally notscalable to other configurations, and are particular to thecombination of geometric and physical conditions tested.1.5 The values stated in either SI uni
9、ts or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5.1 Within the text the
10、 inch-pound units are shown inbrackets.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability
11、 of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World
12、 Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of CompositeMate
13、rialsD3878 Terminology for Composite MaterialsD5229/D5229M Test Method for MoistureAbsorption Prop-erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer MatrixComposite MaterialsD5687/D5687M Guide for Preparation of Flat CompositePanels with Processing Guidelines for Specimen Prepara-tionD7136/D7136M Test
14、Method for Measuring the DamageResistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Com-posite to a Drop-Weight Impact Event1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 onComposite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.05 onStructural Test Methods.Current edi
15、tion approved Oct. 15, 2017. Published October 2017. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D6264 12. DOI:10.1520/D6264_D6264M-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book o
16、f ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized
17、 principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D7137/D7137M Test Method for Compressive ResidualStrength Properties
18、of Damaged Polymer Matrix Compos-ite PlatesD7766/D7766M Practice for Damage Resistance Testing ofSandwich ConstructionsE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical TestingE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE122 Prac
19、tice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, WithSpecified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or ProcessE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE2533 Guide for Nondestructive Testing of Polymer Matr
20、ixComposites Used in Aerospace Applications2.2 Military Standards:CMH-17-3G Composite Materials Handbook, Volume3Polymer Matrix Composites Materials Usage, Designand Analysis3MIL-HDBK-728/1 Nondestructive Testing4MIL-HDBK-731A Nondestructive Testing Methods ofComposite MaterialsThermography4MIL-HDBK
21、-732A Nondestructive Testing Methods ofComposite MaterialsAcoustic Emission4MIL-HDBK-733A Nondestructive Testing Methods ofComposite MaterialsRadiography4MIL-HDBK-787A Nondestructive Testing Methods ofComposite MaterialsUltrasonics43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology D3878 defines terms relatin
22、gto composite materials. Terminology D883 defines termsrelating to plastics. Terminology E6 defines terms relating tomechanical testing. Terminology E456 and Practice E177define terms relating to statistics. In the event of a conflictbetween terms, Terminology D3878 shall have precedenceover the oth
23、er standards.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 If the term represents a physical quantity, its analyticaldimensions are stated immediately following the term (or lettersymbol) in fundamental dimension form, using the followingASTM standard symbology for fundamental dimensions,
24、shown within square brackets: M for mass, L for length, Tfor time, for thermodynamic temperature, and nd fornon-dimensional quantities. Use of these symbols is restrictedto analytical dimensions when used with square brackets, asthe symbols may have other definitions when used without thebrackets.3.
25、2.2 contact force, F MLT2,nthe force exerted by theindenter on the specimen during the test, as recorded by a forceindicator.3.2.3 dent depth, d L,nresidual depth of the depressionformed by an indenter after removal of applied force. The dentdepth shall be defined as the maximum distance in a direct
26、ionnormal to the face of the specimen from the lowest point in thedent to the plane of the surface that is undisturbed by the dent.3.2.4 indenter displacement, L,nthe displacement ofthe indenter relative to the specimen support.3.2.5 nominal value, na value, existing in name only,assigned to a measu
27、rable property for the purpose of conve-nient designation. Tolerances may be applied to a nominalvalue to define an acceptable range for the property.3.2.6 principal material coordinate system, na coordinatesystem with axes that are normal to the planes of symmetryinherent to a material.3.2.6.1 Disc
28、ussionCommon usage, at least for Cartesianaxes (123, xyz, and so forth), generally assigns the coordinatesystem axes to the normal directions of planes of symmetry inorder that the highest property value in a normal direction (forelastic properties, the axis of greatest stiffness) would be 1 orx, an
29、d the lowest (if applicable) would be 3 or z. Anisotropicmaterials do not have a principal material coordinate systemdue to the total lack of symmetry, while, for isotropic materials,any coordinate system is a principal material coordinatesystem. In laminated composites, the principal material coor-
30、dinate system has meaning only with respect to an individualorthotropic lamina. The related term for laminated compositesis reference coordinate system.3.2.7 reference coordinate system, na coordinate systemfor laminated composites used to define ply orientations. Oneof the reference coordinate syst
31、em axes (normally the Carte-sian x-axis) is designated the reference axis, assigned aposition, and the ply principal axis of each ply in the laminateis referenced relative to the reference axis to define the plyorientation for that ply.3.3 Symbols:CV = coefficient of variation statistic of a sample
32、populationfor a given property (in percent)D = damage diameter (see Fig. 6)d = dent depth (see 3.2.3)3Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.4Available from U.S. Army Materials Technology Laboratory, Watertown, MA02471.FIG. 1 Quasi-S
33、tatic Indentation TestD6264/D6264M 172E = energy calculated by integrating the contact force andindenter displacement curveEa= energy absorbed (inelastically) by the specimen duringthe testEmax= energy at maximum indenter displacementF = contact force (see 3.2.2)Fmax= the maximum contact force exert
34、ed on the specimenduring a testn = number of specimens per sample populationN = number of plies in laminate under testsn1= standard deviation statistic of a sample population fora given propertyxi= test result for an individual specimen from the samplepopulation for a given propertyx = mean or avera
35、ge (estimate of mean) of a sample popu-lation for a given property = indenter displacement (see 3.2.4)o= indenter displacement at initial specimen contactf= indenter displacement at the end of the unloading cyclemax= maximum indenter displacement during the test4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A quasi-s
36、tatic indentation (QSI) test is used to measurethe damage resistance on a balanced, symmetric laminatedplate. Damage is imparted through an out-of-plane, concen-trated force (perpendicular to the plane of the laminated plate)applied by slowly pressing a displacement-controlled hemi-spherical indente
37、r into the face of the specimen (Fig. 1). Thedamage resistance is quantified in terms of the resulting sizeand type of damage in the specimen. The damage response isa function of the test configuration; comparisons cannot bemade between materials unless identical test configurations,test conditions,
38、 etc. are used.4.2 Procedures are specified for determining the damageresistance for a test specimen supported over a circular opening(edge supported) and for a rigidly-backed test specimen.4.3 Preferred damage states are centered on the plate and areaway from the plate edges.5. Significance and Use
39、5.1 Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-planeforces is one of the major design concerns of many structuresmade of advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of thedamage resistance properties of a laminated composite plate isuseful for product development and material selection.5.2 QSI te
40、sting can serve the following purposes:5.2.1 To simulate the force-displacement relationships ofimpacts governed by boundary conditions (1-7).5These aretypically relatively large-mass low-velocity hard-body impactson plates with a relatively small unsupported region. Since thetest is run slowly in d
41、isplacement control, the desired damagestate can be obtained in a controlled manner. Associatingspecific damage events with a force during a drop-weightimpact test is often difficult due to the oscillations in the forcehistory. In addition, a specific sequence of damage events maybe identified durin
42、g quasi-static loading while the final damagestate is only identifiable after a drop-weight impact test.5.2.2 To provide an estimate of the impact energy requiredto obtain a similar damage state for drop-weight impact testingif all others parameters are held constant.5.2.3 To establish quantitativel
43、y the effects of stackingsequence, fiber surface treatment, variations in fiber volumefraction, and processing and environmental variables on thedamage resistance of a particular composite laminate to aconcentrated indentation force.5.2.4 To compare quantitatively the relative values of thedamage re
44、sistance parameters for composite materials withdifferent constituents. The damage response parameters caninclude dent depth, damage dimensions and through-thicknesslocations, Fmax, Ea, and Emax, as well as the force versusindenter displacement curve.5.2.5 To impart damage in a specimen for subseque
45、ntdamage tolerance tests, such as Test Method D7137/D7137M.5.2.6 To measure the indentation response of the specimenwith and without bending using the two specimen configura-tions (edge supported and rigidly backed).5.3 The properties obtained using this test method canprovide guidance in regard to
46、the anticipated damage resistancecapability of composite structures of similar material,thickness, stacking sequence, etc. However, it must be under-stood that the damage resistance of a composite structure ishighly dependent upon several factors including geometry,thickness, stiffness, mass, suppor
47、t conditions, etc. Significantdifferences in the relationships between force/energy and theresultant damage state can result due to differences in theseparameters. For example, properties obtained using the speci-men supported over a circular hole would more likely reflectthe damage resistance chara
48、cteristics of an un-stiffened mono-lithic skin or web than that of a skin attached to sub-structurewhich resists out-of-plane deformation. Similarly, test speci-men properties would be expected to be similar to those of apanel with equivalent length and width dimensions, in com-parison to those of a
49、 panel significantly larger than the testspecimen, which tends to divert a greater proportion of theenergy into elastic deformation.5.4 The standard indenter geometry has a blunt, hemispheri-cal tip. Historically, for the standard laminate configuration,this indenter geometry has generated a larger amount ofinternal damage for a given amount of external damage than istypically observed for similar indenters using sharp tips.Alternative indenter geometries may be appropriate dependingupon the damage resistance characteristics being e
