1、Designation: D7056 07 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forDetermining the Tensile Shear Strength of PrefabricatedBituminous Geomembrane Seams1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7056; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method presents the procedures used fordetermining the quality of prefabr
3、icated bituminous geomem-brane (PBGM) bonded seams subjected to a shear test. Itdescribes a destructive quality control test used to determinethe integrity of PBGM seams.1.2 This test procedure is intended for PBGMs only.1.3 The type of thermal field seaming technique used toconstruct PBGM seams inc
4、lude the following.1.3.1 Torch-OnThis technique melts two PBGM surfacesto be seamed by running a flame from a propane torch betweenthem. Pressure is applied on the top or bottom, or both PBGMs,forcing together both surfaces to form a continuous bond.1.3.2 Hot AirThis technique introduces high-temper
5、atureair or gas between two PBGM surfaces to facilitate melting.Pressure is applied on the top or bottom, or both PBGMs,forcing together both surfaces to form a continuous bond.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsi
6、bility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-izatio
7、n established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD5199
8、 Test Method for Measuring the Nominal Thicknessof GeosyntheticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 geomembrane, nan essentially impermeable geosyn-thetic composed of on
9、e or more synthetic sheets.3.1.2 geosynthetic, na planar product manufactured frombitumen or polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, orother geotechnical engineering-related material as an integralpart of a man-made project, structure, or system.3.1.3 geotextile, nany permeable textile mater
10、ial used infoundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnicalengineering-related material, as an integral part of a man-madeproject, structure, or system.3.1.4 prefabricated bituminous geomembrane (PBGM),na material fabricated in a plant and consisting principally ofnonwoven polyester textile,
11、 impregnated by a blend of oxi-dized or polymer-modified bitumen incorporating filler.3.1.5 quality assurance, nall planned and systematic ac-tions necessary to provide adequate confidence that an item ora facility will perform satisfactorily in service.3.1.6 quality control, nthe operational techni
12、ques and theactivities, which sustain a quality of material, product, system,or service that will satisfy given needs; also the use of suchtechniques and activities.4. Significance and Use4.1 The use of PBGM as barrier materials to restrict liquidmigration from one location to another in soils has c
13、reated aneed for a standard test method to evaluate the quality ofPBGM seams. In the case of PBGMs, it has become evidentthat seams can exhibit separation in the field under certainconditions. Although this is an index-type test method used forquality assurance and quality control purposes, it is al
14、sointended to provide the quality assurance engineer with suffi-cient seam shear data to evaluate seam quality. Recording andreporting data will allow the quality assurance engineer to take1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibil
15、ity of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-branes.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2018. Published February 2018. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D7056 07 (2012).DOI: 10.1520/D7056-07R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact A
16、STM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard w
17、as developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1measures ne
18、cessary to ensure the repair of seams with unac-ceptable strength during facility construction, and therefore,minimize the potential for seam separation in service.5. Apparatus5.1 Tensile instrumentation shall meet the requirementsoutlined in Test Method D638.5.2 Grip FacesGrip faces shall be a mini
19、mum of 50 mm(2 in.) wide and a minimum of 50 mm (2 in.) in length. Smoothrubber, fine serrated, or coarse serrated grip faces have all beenfound to be suitable for testing PBGMs. If needed, the use ofa silicone-coated paper to help holding the PBGM specimenends into the grips is recommended The sili
20、cone-coated side isto be used in contact with the PBGM specimen (see Fig. 1).6. Sample and Specimen Preparation6.1 Seam SamplesCut a portion of the fabricated seamsample from the installed PBGM in accordance with theproject specifications. It is recommended that the cutoutsample be a minimum of 0.5
21、m (1.65 ft) wide and a minimum0.6 m (2 ft) in length with the seam centered in the middle.6.2 Specimen PreparationPrepare five (5) specimens fromeach sample. The specimens shall be rectangular and 50 60.5 mm (2 6 0.02 in.) wide. The length of the specimen shallbe at least 200 mm (8 in.) greater than
22、 the width of the seam.Specimens shall be cut such that the seam is perpendicular tothe longer dimension of the strip specimen.6.3 ConditioningSamples shall be conditioned for 24 h at21 6 2 C (70 6 4 F) at a relative humidity of 30 to 55 %. Ifthe relative humidity is between 55 and 70 %, the samples
23、 shallbe conditioned for 48 h. The samples shall be conditioned flatand shielded from the sun.7. Procedure7.1 Shear TestingFully support the test specimen withinthe grips across the width of the specimen. Secure the grips 506 2.5 mm (2 6 0.1 in.) from each side of the start of the seam.Subject speci
24、mens to the shear test (see Fig. 2) using a constantmachine crosshead speed of 50 6 2.5 mm (2 6 0.1 in.)/min.The test is complete when the specimen has ruptured.8. Report8.1 The report shall include the following information:8.1.1 Report test temperature and humidity.8.1.2 Report the crosshead speed
25、 used during shear testing.8.1.3 Report each individual specimen width.8.1.4 Report each individual specimen seam length.8.1.5 Report each individual specimen maximum load val-ues. If the shear specimen does not rupture, report theelongation at the maximum crosshead travel limitation.8.1.6 Report th
26、e average and standard deviation of themaximum load values.8.1.7 Report any other operating detail, as well as anypossible incident.8.1.8 If requested, report the maximum shear stress. Thiscalculation will require an accurate measurement of thicknessfor each specimen. These measurements should be ma
27、de inaccordance with Test Method D5199 for PBGMs.9. Precision and Bias39.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method is based onan interlaboratory study of Test Method D7056 04, con-ducted in 2005. Each of ten laboratories tested three differentmaterials. Each laboratory obtained three replicate te
28、st resultsfor each material. After individual laboratory issues wereaddressed, the data set analyzed consisted of (at a minimum)replicate information from at least six laboratories for each ofthe three materials; therefore this study meets the basic criteriaset forth in Practice E691.9.1.1 Repeatabi
29、lityTwo test results obtained within onelaboratory shall be judged not equivalent if they differ by morethan the “r” value for that material; “r” is the intervalrepresenting the critical difference between two test results forthe same material, obtained by the same operator using thesame equipment o
30、n the same day in the same laboratory.3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D35-1010. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.FIG. 1 Zoom of the Use of Silicone-Coated PaperFIG. 2 Shear TestingD7056 07 (2018)29.
31、1.2 ReproducibilityTwo test results should be judgednot equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” value for thatmaterial; “R” is the interval representing the difference be-tween two test results for the same material, obtained bydifferent operators using different equipment in different labo-r
32、atories. See Table 1.9.1.3 Any judgment in accordance with these two state-ments would have an approximate 95 % probability of beingcorrect.9.2 BiasAt the time of the study, there was no acceptedreference material suitable for determining the bias for this testmethod. Therefore, no statement on bias
33、 can be made.9.3 The precision statement was determined through statis-tical examination of results from six laboratories reportingthree replicates each for Materials A and C, and sevenlaboratories reporting three replicates each for Material B.10. Keywords10.1 geomembranes; bituminous; PBGMs; prefa
34、bricatedseams; shear; destructiveASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof
35、 infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this s
36、tandard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake you
37、r views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by con
38、tacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 1 Summary StatisticsMaterial AverageRepeatabilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityLimitsrsRrRA 16.1109 1.0854 1.4109 3.0392 3.9506B 25.5642 1.2396 2.7414 3.4708 7.6759C 19.0560 0.5940 1.2260 1.6631 3.4328D7056 07 (2018)3
