ASTM D7263-09(2018) Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Density (Unit Weight) of Soil Specimens.pdf
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1、Designation: D7263 09 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Methods forLaboratory Determination of Density (Unit Weight) of SoilSpecimens1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7263; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods describe two ways of determiningthe total/moist and dry densities (unit weights)
3、 of intact,disturbed, remolded, and reconstituted (compacted) soil speci-mens. Density (unit weight) as used in this standard means thesame as “bulk density” of soil as defined by the Soil ScienceSociety of America. Intact specimens may be obtained fromthin-walled sampling tubes, block samples, or c
4、lods. Speci-mens that are remolded by dynamic or static compactionprocedures may also be measured by these methods. Thesemethods apply to soils that will retain their shape during themeasurement process and may also apply to other materialssuch as soil-cement, soil-lime, soil-bentonite or solidified
5、soil-bentonite-cement slurries. It is common for the density(unit weight) of specimens after removal from sampling tubesand compaction molds to be less than the value based on tubeor mold volumes, or of in situ conditions. This is due to thespecimen swelling after removal of lateral pressures.1.1.1
6、Method A covers the procedure for measuring thevolume of wax coated specimens by determining the quantityof water displaced.1.1.1.1 This method only applies to specimens in which thewax will not penetrate the outer surface of the specimen.1.1.2 Method B covers the procedure by means of the directmea
7、surement of the dimensions and mass of a specimen,usually one of cylindrical shape. Intact and reconstituted/remolded specimens may be tested by this method in conjunc-tion with strength, permeability (air/water) and compressibilitydeterminations.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
8、as thestandard. The values stated in inch-pound units are approxi-mate.1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected,calculated, or recorded in this standa
9、rd is not directly related tothe accuracy with which the data can be applied in design orother uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained usingthis standard is beyond its scope.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is th
10、eresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standa
11、rd-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Co
12、ntainedFluidsD698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids byWater PycnometerD1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (5
13、6,000 ft-lbf/ft3(2,700 kN-m/m3)D1587/D1587M Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling ofFine-Grained Soils for Geotechnical PurposesD2166/D2166M Test Method for Unconfined CompressiveStrength of Cohesive SoilD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by
14、MassD2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for EngineeringPurposes (Unified Soil Classification System)1These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soiland Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.03 on Texture,Plasticity and Density Characteristics of
15、 Soils.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2018. Published March 2018. Originallyapproved in 2009 as D726309. Last previous edition approved in 2009 asD726309. DOI: 10.1520/D7263-09R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.
16、org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with inte
17、rnationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D2488 Practice for Description and Identificati
18、on of Soils(Visual-Manual Procedures)D3550/D3550M Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, SplitBarrel, Drive Sampling of SoilsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4220/D4220M Practices for
19、 Preserving and TransportingSoil SamplesD4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, andPlasticity Index of SoilsD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD6026 Practice for Using Significant Dig
20、its in GeotechnicalDataE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids2.2 Other Reference:Soil Science Society of America Glossary of Soil ScienceTerms33. Terminology3.1 Refer to Terminology D653 for standard definitions ofterms.4. Significance and Use4.1
21、 Dry density, as defined as “density of soil or rock” inTerminology D653 and “bulk density” by soil scientists, can beused to convert the water fraction of soil from a mass basis toa volume basis and vise-versa. When particle density, that is,specific gravity (Test Methods D854) is also known, dryde
22、nsity can be used to calculate porosity and void ratio (seeAppendix X1). Dry density measurements are also useful fordetermining degree of soil compaction. Since moisture contentis variable, moist soil density provides little useful informationexcept to estimate the weight of soil per unit volume, f
23、orexample, pounds per cubic yard, at the time of sampling. Sincesoil volume shrinks with drying of swelling soils, bulk densitywill vary with moisture content. Hence, the water content ofthe soil should be determined at the time of sampling.4.2 Densities (unit weights) of remolded/reconstitutedspeci
24、mens are commonly used to evaluate the degree ofcompaction of earthen fills, embankments, etc. Dry densityvalues are usually used in conjunction with compaction curvevalues (Test Methods D698 and D1557).4.3 Density (unit weight) is one of the key components indetermining the mass composition/phase r
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